Two research projects of preparing and consuming Linked Open Data (LOD)

1. Contributing to the Smart City
through
Linked Library Data
关联的图书馆数据
为智慧城市做贡献
Marcia Lei Zeng 曾蕾
Kent State University 肯特州立大学
USA 美国
Shanghai International Library Forum
(SILF 2012), July 17-19, Shanghai
第六届上海国际图书馆论坛

2. Why Linked Library Data 为什么
are related to “智慧城和图书馆服务”
"smart city & library services"? 与图书馆关联数据相关？
Major cities (e.g., Shanghai, Wuhan, Lanzhou,
Chongqing) have not only city libraries but also sci/tech
information centers, either as independent services or
affiliated with research institutions.
各大城市（上海、武汉、兰州、重庆等）除了有市图书馆外，
还有大型情报所或研究所里的情报所。
Major cities have many small museums, cultural heritage
collections, and archives.
很多城市都有很多小型博物馆、文化
遗产特藏、档案资料等。
Bibliographic data in the scattered digital
repositories or local databases can be
aggregated and integrated with library data.
分散独立的数字仓储或数据库中的文献数据能
够与图书馆数据集成、整合到一起。

3. Library data have been limited to serve the
find, identify, select, and obtain functions.
图书馆数据一直局限于发现、确认、选择、
获得的功能。
There are many hidden access points that
can bring in much richer information and
knowledge through library data.
在图书馆数据中存在很多隐藏的获取点，
通过它们应该能带进更加丰富的信息和知
识。
Library data can be enriched through consuming the
data available in the LOD universe, providing much
more information and knowledge to library users.
图书馆数据可以通过对已有关联开放数据的消费得到丰富、
为图书馆用户提供更多有用的信息和知识。

4. Outline 发言大纲
Two research projects of preparing and
consuming Linked Open Data (LOD):
两个有关关联数据的项目:
1. Unifying metadata from diverse non-library
repositories and preparing Linked Open Data (LOD)-
enabled bibliographic data （LODE－BD）
将源于非图书馆的数字仓储的元数据资源转变为兼容的整合的
可关联文献数据
2. Connecting library data to the unfamiliar data and
metadata resources in the LOD Universe
连接图书馆数据与外界的开放关联数据（LOD）资源

5. 1. LODE-BD Recommendations
-- Report on how to select appropriate encoding
strategies for producing
Linked Open Data (LOD)–Enabled Bibliographic Data
http://aims.fao.org/lode/bd
LODE－BD：可关联文献数据 (LODE-BD) 编码策略选择建议
Prepared by Imma Subirats Marcia Zeng

6. Situation: There are many non-library repositories.
很多非图书馆仓储作为数据提供者或者服务提供者

7. Questions from the data providers:
To make local data into a Linked Data dataset ---
What metadata standard(s) to follow?
What is the minimal set of properties to include to
insure meaningful data sharing?
Is there any metadata model or application profile for
my data?
What data values to provide – plain text string or
Unified Resource Identifier (URI)?
How to encode our data in order to move
from a local database to a Linked Data dataset?
为了将内部数据做成关联数据集，数据提供者面临众多
问题：元数据标准、最起码特征描述词汇、概念模型、
应用纲要、数据值类型、编码等等

8. Analyzing various Data Dictionaries 各数据定义格式
& Sample Records &数据记录分析
Example: <Responsible Body>- related data fields

9. Sorting out entities and relationships
-- The conceptual model
实体对象和相关关系－概念模型
About…
Resource
Agent

10. Clustering Properties
into 9 chunks
将所有属性归纳到九个组
Once
Once or many
0 or once
0 or many

11. LODE-BD
Groups
LODE－BD九大组属性和关系
1. Title Information
2. Responsible Body
3. Physical Characteristics
4. Location
5. Subject
6. Description of content
7. Intellectual property
8. Usage
9. Relation between
documents / agents
http://aims.fao.org/fr/metadata/m2b
M2B：推荐一套最起码的、有描述和交流意义的文献元数据的属性和编码词汇

12. Walking through the LODE-BD decision trees, one by one.
18个决策流程图,
针对每个属性
（property）

13. 每个决策流程图提供具体步骤和实例

14. Implementation Options LODE-BD approach in m
可选择的实施方案
Alternative #1, "Design-time" strategy: go
back and change your current ad-hoc model
to use the LODE “good practices” model.
= > This means some changes to your database
and the services that access it.
方法＃1，从根本上改变内部数据结构
－“设计时”策略
Alternative #2, "Run-time" strategy: you
convert on the fly to a “good-practices”
model upon request and leave your ad-hoc
model unchanged.
=> This means adding a conversion service.
方法＃2，只在需要输出时才转换成推荐格式
－“需要时”策略

15. Data Output Options
数据输出选择方式：元数据记录／RDF描述
Records
记录
search & browse
My data
Metadata
Repository RDF graphs
RDF 描述
RDF
graphs
RDF描述
LOD

16. 2. Connecting library data to the unfamiliar
data and metadata resources in the LOD
Universe
-- The Metadata Vocabulary Junction Project
2。连接图书馆数据与外界开放关联数据资源
－元数据词汇枢纽站项目
National Leadership Grants support projects that address
challenges faced by the museum, library, and/or archive
fields and that have the potential to advance practice in
those fields.

17. 3865 datasets
(as of July 3,2012)
Project purpose: LOD is one of
To connect library, archive, and museum the groups in
(LAM) data to the unfamiliar datasets CKAN
available in the Linked Data (LD)
community’s CKAN Data Hub.
项目目的：连接图书馆、档案馆、博
物馆（LAM）数据与CKAN数据中心
的开放关联数据资源

18. 例：音乐相关的 Example: Music-focused study
数据 （1） -- Data collection and analysis (1)
LOD数据集：
LOD Datasets:
Identify music-related datasets
Analyze the source of the data structures
Ontologies used
(e.g., Music Ontology, Similarity Ontology, Event Ontology,
Programmes Ontology, etc.)
Metadata schemas and application profiles
(e.g., BBC Music Schema and derivatives)
Structured data in XML/RDF samples
Documentation
Crosswalk their properties, indicating the
matching level
(e.g., broadMatch, equivelent, narrowMatch, etc.)
Identify major classes and properties useful to
library data
有哪些数据集？它们采用了什 (e.g., mo:MusicArtist, rev:Review, mo:Performance,
么样的本体、元数据表、数据 mo:performer, cc:license , dc:title, foaf:primaryTopic, etc.)
结构？产生匹配表。分析对图
书馆数据有用的实体类和属性。

19. Example: Music-focused study 例：音乐相关的
-- Data collection and analysis (2) 数据 （2）
图书馆数据：
LAM data from:
1. Library MARC sample records
图书馆马克记录
Classical/Instrumental
Jazz
Musical and Opera
Pop/Rock
Soundtrack
2. Their schema.org markup in Break down the 'records' and find:
the WorldCat
WorldCat记录的schema置标
• Common elements 常见元素
3. Digital collections' metadata • Possibility of linking to LOD
structure properties
数字图书馆和数字特藏的元数 哪些相关节点可能与LOD属性词汇
据 联接
20 digital collections from national
libraries, academic libraries, achieves • Major access points
More types (e.g., sheet music) 主要获取途径
• Hidden access points
隐藏着的可获取途径

20. Aligning Library data and LOD data constructs
将图书馆数据与LOD数据结果相比较、匹配
LAM data:图情档博数据：
LOD Datasets: LOD数据集
Library bibliographic records
图书馆文献数据 Ontologies 本体
MARC records 马克记录 Metadata Application
schema.org markup －schema置标
Digital collection metadata Profiles 元数据应用纲要
数字特藏／数字图书馆元数据 Structured data in XML/RDF
Dublin Core-based 基于DC的 samples 样本数据格式
Other locally defined 其它本地格式
Archival descriptions 档案描述 Documentations 相关文献
EAD, MARC, other
Museum and Visual Resources object
descriptions 博物馆实物描述
VRA Core, other

21. http://lod-lam.slis.kent.edu/

22. Conclusions 结语
The technological groundwork has already been laid for
libraries and their users to benefit from Linked Data.
当前技术已经为图书馆及用户受益于关联数据奠定了基础
What we need now: 目前需要的是：
the intellectual preparation to support the discovery and reuse of LOD
datasets appropriately and effectively
精神上的准备：怎样合理有效发现和再利用
the practical tools to facilitate such activities. 实际可用的工具
What we can do: 我们可以做的事：
Use existing library data as a bridge to enhance information and
knowledge services within the libraries and beyond, thus to contribute
to the building of a smart city.
以现有图书馆数据为桥梁来增强图书馆信息机构的信息与知识服务
机制，以此为共建智慧城市而做出贡献。

23. The Three Hares 三兔图
589-618 AD (Sui dynasty) 隋代 （公园589－618）
Cave 407, Mogao Caves, China 敦煌莫高窟第407窟藻井
UNESCO World Heritage Site UNESCO世界遗产名录
INSPIRING CONCEPTS: sharing; interoperability; linking

24. Acknowledgement
LODE-DB
Co-author: Imma Subirats, FAO of
the United Nation IMLS Leadership Grant
Funding: Partially through Team:
European Commission ICT PSP Co-P.I. Karen Gracy, Ph.D.
Grant #250525 for VOA3R (Virtual
Open Access Agriculture &
Research Assistants
Aquaculture Repository: Sharing Laurence Skirvin, M.L.S.
Scientific and Scholarly Research Sammy Davidson, M.L.S.
related to Agriculture, Food, and Shadi Shakeri
Environment). Riley Stoermer, M.L.S.
FAO AIMS team and expert http://lod-lam.slis.kent.edu/
http://aims.fao.org/lode/bd