An introduction to Animation. What is Animation? What allows us to experience movements in an animation? How different types of animations are made? What are some uses of animation and what is the impact of animation on society?

2. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Definition
Persistence of Vision: How Animation
Works
Types of Animations & Examples
How to Create an Animation
Storyboard and comparison with Comic
Strips
Use and Impact of Animation

3. A DEFINITION…
Animation is the creation of
the “illusion of movement”
using a series of still images

6. USE YOUR IMAGINATION!

7. USE YOUR IMAGINATION!

8. USE YOUR IMAGINATION!

9. CLAYMATION
When the characters and scenes are
made from clay the term used to
describe the animation is
“Claymation”

10. USE YOUR IMAGINATION!

11. PERSISTENCE OF VISION
Refers to brain retaining the image
of what eyes see even after the
image is no longer visible.
The brain can only process a certain
number or images at a time.
Brain can recognize images as
separate images if they are viewed
at 12 or fewer images per second.

12. PERSISTENCE OF VISION
If the pictures appear faster than
12 per second they begin to merge
into each other creating the illusion
of movement.
Television and movies are usually
created at 24 to 30 images per
second

13. HOW MANY STILL IMAGES?
12 frames per
second (fps)
10 frames per second
2 frames per second

14. 3 TYPES OF ANIMATION
 Historically there are 3 major types
of animation:
1.Hand Drawn Animation
2.Stop Motion Animation
3.Computer Animation

15. HOW WERE CARTOONS MADE?
 Felix The Cat: appeared in Theatres in 1919
 Created by Pat Sullivan & Otto Messmer

16. HAND DRAWN ANIMATION
Done by an artist who draws each character and
movement individually
Very time consuming to have to draw, then
colour, then photograph each picture
Draw pictures first, then colour them on
celluloid, then they take pictures and animate
them
Very expensive due to hours of labour involved
Examples: Older Disney Movies i.e. Bambi, Fox
and Hound, Cinderella etc.

17. HAND DRAWN ANIMATION

18. STOP MOTION ANIMATION
Can be done by virtually anyone, with no
extensive training
Does not take that much time relative to the
other 2 methods
Uses jointed figures or clay figures that can
be moved to make motions
Take still pictures of the individual
movements, then use relatively inexpensive
computer software to animate

19. STOP MOTION ANIMATION
We use Movie Maker Software to
complete our animations
Not very expensive because all you
need is a digital camera and the
software comes with Windows XP
operating system
Examples: Star Wars, Robot Chicken,
Old Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer

20. STOP OR MODEL ANIMATION

21. COMPUTER ANIMATION
All characters and movements are
generated using computer
animation software
Can also be very time consuming as
they can get very complicated in
movements and effects
All characters are fully animated
with no still pictures

22. COMPUTER ANIMATION
Can be very expensive because of
the complexity of the stunts and
animations being done
Huge budgets because the
animation sequences more
complicated these days eg. the war
scenes in Lord of the Rings etc.
Examples: Toy Story, Finding Nemo,
Matrix, Lord of the Rings

23. COMPUTER ANIMATION

24. ANIMATION STORYBOARDS
A storyboard is a series of sketches
that can be used as a guide for
making a film or video
It contains the action and dialogue
of the film
Can also include the music,
narration, special effects
information etc. for the person to
guide them in creating the film

25. COMIC STRIPS
Felix The Cat
First comic strip
(1922)

26. COMIC BOOKS AND COMIC STRIPS
Are they more like an animation
sequence or a storyboard?
They are more like a storyboard because they
DO NOT SHOW CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT
It shows the person or object in one
place and then in another and the
sequence between is left to the
imagination to make the link from one
picture to the other

27. GREATEST IMPACT FOR TODAY?
Animation is NOT just for kids
It has become mainstream and kids,
teenagers, adults and seniors.
When most teachers today were kids it
was very odd for a parent to be sitting
with their children and watching an
animated show.
Now adults take their kids to the
movies and watch with them and there
are often “inside jokes” for adults too

28. ANIMATION USES
Animated Movies: Million dollar industry;
1- 20 millions spent on each movie
Animation & Computer Graphics Effects
are used in movies frequently

29. ANIMATION USES
Video games
TV Programs (e.g. Weather, News)
Used online (images, ads, chatting)
Simulations (Science & Engineering)
Virtual reality (e.g. second life)