The Architecture of Teaching & Learning
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This document discusses principles for effective teaching and learning. It outlines the RIGOR framework which stands for retrieval, interleaving, generation, organization, and reflection. Each component is described in one to two sentences. Retrieval involves regularly testing yourself to reinforce learning. Interleaving means mixing different subject matters to find connections. Generation means explaining concepts in your own words. Organization is creating mental models to structure information. Reflection looks back on what worked and how to improve. The document advocates for making learning an active, effortful process through these techniques.
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The Architecture of Teaching & Learning
- 1. The Architecture of Teaching & Learning Peter Morville, IA Summit 2016, Atlanta
- 3. 3 “Think Until Your Brain Hurts!”
- 4. The Architecture of Teaching & Learning Why Care? Practices Conversation Planning etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection R I G O R
- 5. 5 R I G O R etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection
- 6. 6 D e s i r a b l e D i f f i c u l t i e s L e a r i n g i s d e p e r a n d m o r e d u r a b l w h e n i t ’ s e f f o r f u l .
- 7. 7 R I G O R etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection To Learn, Retrieve • we rapidly lose 70% of what we read or hear • re-reading texts (massed practice) is common, ineffective • students who read passage, then took test, retained 50% more • give quizzes before and after lessons; not multiple choice! • cumulative learning accrues like compound interest
- 8. A B B
- 9. 9 R I G O R etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection Researchers initially predicted that massed practice in identifying painters’ works (studying many examples of one painter’s works before moving on) would best help students learn the defining characteristics of each artist’s style. The researchers were wrong. The commonalities proved less useful than the differences.
- 10. 10 R I G O R etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection To Learn, Interleave Your Practices • mixing skills, subjects, problem types (interleaving) • in one study, it boosted test performance by 215% • what kind of problem is this? (assess context) • feels slower, so it’s unpopular, seldom used • sleep enables memory consolidation (spaced practice)
- 11. 11 R I G O R etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection Add Meaning by Making Connections • Explain new material in your own words • Connect new ideas to what you already know • Frame new knowledge in a larger context • Memory is like Velcro (tiny hooks + loops)
- 12. 12 R I G O R etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection Organize Ideas into Mental Models • a set of interrelated ideas, a sequence of motor skills • extract key ideas è organize into mental model è connect to prior knowledge è better learning • experts struggle to teach novices; different precision durability transfer
- 13. 13 R I G O R etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection To Reflect, Look Back and Within • what you did, what worked, how might do differently • spaced retrieval, new connections, visualization • what we know about what we know, and how we learn “People who as a matter of habit extract underlying principles or rules from new experiences are more successful learners than those who take their experiences at face value.”
- 14. Peter Morville @morville Ÿ Apr 26 I’m planning to write a book about planning. And I’d love your help! intertwingled.org/planning-book/ Like search, planning is a literacy that’s not taught in school. Yet, it’s a key to success in life and work. We plan for births, weddings, careers, retirements, and deaths. We plan events, trips, projects, and systems. We do it all the time, but we make the same mistakes.
- 15. 15 “One of the most common myths of agile software development is that agile teams don’t plan. In fact, agile teams do a much more thorough job of planning than many traditional project teams.” short iterations, pairing, daily standups, last responsible moment, tests, fail fast, feedback, reflection “Planning is a skill, and the only way to get better is to practice.”
- 16. MAKE PLANNING VISIBLE GoalPath Here & Now Risks, Estimates, Metrics Play, Practice, Prototype Feedback, Reflection
- 18. 18 R I G O R etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection
- 19. The Architecture of Teaching & Learning Why Care? Practices Conversation Planning etrieval nterleaving arnishing rganization eflection R I G O R