2. Definition of multiculturalism
"Multiculturalism" is the co-existence of
diverse cultures, where culture includes
racial, religious, or cultural groups and is
manifested in customary behaviours,
cultural assumptions and values, patterns
of thinking, and communicative styles.
5. Population of the UK
Country of birth
Population
(2001 census)
Population
(2011 OSN Estimate)
United Kingdom 53,923,642 54,233,000
India 467,634 729,000
Poland 60,711 643,000
Republic of Ireland 533,901 457,000
Pakistan 321,167 457,000
Germany 266,136 297,000
6. David Cameron declared that the
doctrine of multiculturalism has “failed”
In February 2011, David Cameron held a speech
on multiculturalism at the Munich Security
Conference. In his speech he criticised "state
multiculturalism" claiming it had failed and
arguing that the UK needed a stronger national
identity to prevent people from turning to all
kinds of extremism. The speech created a row
and angered some Muslim groups, while others
questioned its timing amid an English Defence
League rally in the UK.
7. Do you think England is a multicultural
country?
• 'In the cities and large towns – yes, because larger populations
mean greater cultural diversity. Rural populations can still be very
insular and unwelcoming though.'
• 'Yes – there are people from all over the world living in England.'
• 'I do – Manchester, for example, has large Chinese, Afro Caribbean
and Indian/South Asian communities within it – plus the vibrant gay
village in the city centre. Many cities in England have good mixes of
cultures and lifestyles.'
• 'Yes, definitely. Our music, films, TV, radio, literature. The strong
religious and cultural communities in cities. The number of 2nd and
3rd generation immigrants that no longer consider themselves
immigrants.'
8. Pros & Cons of Multicultural UK
Pros
• Pluralism contributes to the
cultural and economic
vitality of GB
• Linguistic variety makes GB
a preferred location
• Multicultural character of
British food
• multinational companies
Cons
• Members of ethnic minorities
experience a great number of
social disadvantages
• Their children are more likely to
need special help in education
• Unemployment is higher
• Racial discrimination
• Massive influx of asylum seekers,
refugees and illegal immigrants
• Terrorist threat
9. Religion in the UK
Despite falling numbers Christianity remains the largest religion
in England and Wales in 2011. Muslims are the next biggest
religious group and have grown in the last decade. Meanwhile
the proportion of the population who reported they have no
religion has now reached a quarter of the population.
• In the 2011 Census, Christianity was the largest religion, with 33.2
million people (59.3 per cent). The second largest religious group
were Muslims with 2.7 million people (4.8 per cent).
• 14.1 million people, around a quarter of the population in England
and Wales, reported they have no religion in 2011.
• In 2011, London was the most diverse region with the highest
proportion of people identifying themselves as Muslim, Buddhist,
Hindu and Jewish. The North East and North West had the highest
proportion of Christians and Wales had the highest proportion of
people reporting no religion.
11. British Hindu
The British Hindu population includes those who came directly from
the Indian sub-continent, descendants of those Hindus who had
originally migrated to other countries and those born and raised in
the UK. It is not unusual to find third or fourth generation Hindus in
the UK.
There have been three waves of migration of Hindus in the UK:
1. The first wave was before India's independence in 1947. In the early
1960s the Conservative Health Minister the recruited a large number
of doctors from the Indian sub-continent
2. The second wave occurred in the 1970s mainly from East Africa. The
later communities included those from Guyana, Trinidad and
Tobago, Mauritius and Fiji.
3. The third wave of migration began in the 1990s and included Tamil
refugees from Sri Lanka and professionals including doctors and
software engineers from India.
12. Islam and Muslims
• Islam is the second largest religion in the country with results from
the United Kingdom Census 2011 suggesting that by 2011 the total
Muslim population had reached 2.7 million, 4.8% of the total
population. The vast majority of Muslims in the United Kingdom live
in England and Wales
40% of England's
Muslims live in
London, where they
make up more than
12.4% of the
population.
East London Mosque &
London Muslim Centre
13. Polish migrants
The 2001 UK Census recorded 60,711 Polish-born
people resident in the UK. 60,680 of these were
resident in Great Britain (the UK minus Northern
Ireland), compared to 73,951 in 1991. With the
migration that has followed Poland's accession to
the EU, the Polish-born population in the whole
of the UK is estimated to have risen to 515,000 in
the year to March 2010. Unofficial estimates have
put the number of Poles living in the UK higher, at
up to one million.
14. Polish-born people in employment in The UK
At the expansion of the EU including Poland on 1 May
2004, the UK granted free movement to workers from the
new member states.
15. St/ John the evangelist R.C.
Polish Church
St. Andrew Bobola Polish
R.C. Church in London
