This document provides information about human nutritional requirements at different life stages. It discusses the main functions of food, key nutrient groups including macronutrients and micronutrients, and estimated daily calorie needs for infants, children, adults, pregnant/lactating women, and older adults based on age, sex, and physical activity level. Specific food examples and their calorie contents are also listed to illustrate sources of carbohydrates, proteins, drinks and fruits. Factors that influence nutritional needs such as age, sex, activity, climate, and health are summarized at the end.

2. PROF: NAJEEB MEMON
BMC
COMMUNITY MEDICINE & P.H.S
LUMHS, JAMSHORO
E mail mnajeeb80@gmail.com

4. Substance that living beings eat to fill their hunger
FUNCTIONS
Providing Energy
Body building, protection & Growth
Regulation of body functions & internal conditions
Ensuring Health
FOOD OR DIET
Animal origin
Plant origin

5. Food, or any nourishing substance assimilated
by an organism, and required for
growth,
repair, and
normal metabolism
All living things need nutrients to sustain life and
growth.
Nutrients

6. Nutrients may be grouped
into macronutrients and micronutrients depending
on the amount required.
Nutrients

7. Nutrients
Macronutrients Micronutrients
Carbohydrates
60-70% of Daily energy intake.
Protein
7-15% (At least 10%)
Fats
10-30%
Vitamins &
Minerals

8. CHILDREN
(Rapid Growth Rate)
Young Children Require proportionately more energy for each Kg of Body wt:
The ICMR standards based on
Age ( Not on Body Wt:) ------ Except during the 1st
year of life.
13 ys: (Puberty) Usually increased in Growth & in Metabolic rate
 need much energy as Adults
 (show a good deal of physical activity ----- Equal to hard work by Adults

9. • Personal Energy Requirement= BER + EER
Basic Energy Requirement (BER) +
Extra Energy Requirement (EER)
BER includes BMR & General Daily Activities
• For Every Kg of Body Wt: 1.3 calories is required every hour
• E.g:- 50 Kg Person 1.3 x 24 hours x 50 Kg = 1560 Cal / Day
EER:- For Each hour’s training an additional 8.5 Cal for each Kg of Body Wt: is
required
For a 2 hour training session
50 Kg athlete would require 8.5 X 2 hours X 50 = 850 Calories
E.g:- Athlete
50 Kg Person ( BER + EER ) 1560 + 850 = 2410 Calories

11. Daily Intake of Energy
Group Body Weight
Kg
Kcal /Kg/ 24
hrs:
(Approximate)
Kcal
Infancy
0-6 months
7-12 months
118 Kcal /Kg /Day
108 Kcal /Kg /Day
Children
1-3 Years
4-6 Years
7-9 Years
12.03
18.87
26.37
100
90
80
1240
1690
1950
Kcal or Food Calorie:-(Unit of Heat) ----- measuring Energy produced by Food
Defined Amount of Heat Temp: of 1 Kg of water through 10
C. (1 KJ = 0.239 Kcal )
Fuel Value : Total No: of calories from 1 Gm of any metabolized Food (Nutrient)
Carbohydrates & Protein 4 cal / Gm , Fat = 9 cal / Gm
Diet largely of Milk
If Deficiency
Supplementation of
Vit: A, C, D must be done
Daily Requirement 110 Kcal/Day

12. Breastfeed as often as the
child
wants, day or night, at least 8
times in
24 hours.
• If the child:
- appears hungry after
breastfeeding, or
- shows interest in semisolid
foods, or
- is not gaining weight
adequately.
• Add complementary foods
such as
- Suji Ki Kheer, Suji ka Halwa,
Khichri, Kheer, Sagodana,
Mashed Potato with butter,
Mashed banana
with or without yoghurt, Biscuit
or
Rusk Soaked in Milk,
(All food should be mashed,
semi solid form and smooth in
consistency)
Give these foods with
cup/spoon, 1 or 2 times per
day after breastfeeding
Breastfeed as often as the
child
wants,
Give adequate servings of:Give adequate servings of:
Khichri*, Rice (Bhatt /softKhichri*, Rice (Bhatt /soft
cooked rice)* with seasonalcooked rice)* with seasonal
vegetablesvegetables (Carrot, Spinach,
Potatoes
etc.), or Minced Meat. Rice
kheer ( Rice mixed with
milk) , Suji ka Halwa or
Kheer*, Dalia*,
Vermicelli's*, Choori*,
Mashed Potato or
vegetables*, Egg, Banana,
Seasonal Fruit and any foods
listed for 6 month child.
(upto 9 months food should
be
mashed)
- 3 times per day if breastfed;
- 5 times per day if not
breastfed.
- Each serving should be
equivalent to ½ -¾ of a cup.
Breastfeed as often as the child
wants.
• Give adequate servings of:
Roti, Parattha, Khichri or Rice,
Curry,
Minced Meat, Chicken, Egg,
Seasonal Vegetables, Choori,
Vermicelli's, and/or any foods
listed
for 6-12 months child
• Give food at least 3 times per
day
AND
Give also snacks 2 times per day
between meals such as seasonal
fruit
(Banana, Apple, Mango, Orange
etc.)
Biscuit, Rusk, Chips, Pakora or
Samosa, Lassi, Yoghurt, Bread
with
Egg, Halwa etc.
OR
Family foods 5 times per day.
Give family foods at 3
meals each
day. Also, twice daily,
give nutritious
food between meals,
such as:
Seasonal fruit (Banana,
Apple,
Mango, Orange etc.)
Biscuit, Rusk,
Chips, Pakora, Samosa,
Lassi,
Yoghurt, Bread with
Eggs, Halwa etc.
Up to 6
Months
6-12
Months
12 Months
up to
2 Years
2 Years
and
Older
I
M
N
C
I

13. Nutritional Requirement for Adults & Old

14. Nutritional Requirement
Group Body
Weight
Kg
Kcal /Kg/ 24 hrs:
(Approximate)
Kcal
Reference Males
Light work
Moderate work
Heavy work
Female
60 Kg
50
45
40
Male Female
2425 1875
2875 2225
3800 2925
In Old Age
BMR is less, so Requirement is less
50 Ys: 2500 Kcal/ Day
70 Ys: 2000 Kcal/ Day
But Diet of Old person must contain
Adequate amount of Protein, Vit: & Ca.

15. Nutritional Requirement for Adult,
Pregnancy & Lactation

16. Nutritional Requirement
Group Body
Weight
Kg
Kcal /Kg/ 24
hrs:
(Approximate)
Kcal Energy
Allowance
/ Day
MJ
Reference Female
Light work
Moderate work
Heavy work
Pregnancy
50 40 Female
1875
2225
2925
+ 300
Lactation
(First 6 months)
(6-12 months)
+ 550
+ 440
(Require more Energy)
Additional Diet must be
taken.

17. IMPORTANT NUTRIENTS FOR
PREGNANCY
 Folate
 Iron
 Calcium
 Vitamin D
 Vitamin A

18. Name of Food Quantity Kcals
Bread 1 piece 80 Kcal
Biscuit (Plain) 1 piece 60 Kcal
Biscuit (Sweet) 1 piece 80 Kcal
Flour 100 Gm 345 Kcal
Rice 100 Gm 345 Kcal
FOOD CALORIE VALUES
CARBOHYDRATES

19. MEAT
Name of Food Quantity Kcals
Chicken 100 Gm 130 Kcal
Mutton 100 Gm 180 Kcal
Beef 100 Gm 200 Kcal
Egg Fried 110 Kcal

20. Pulses
Name of Food Quantity Kcals
Pulses Mash 100 Gm 345 Kcal
Pulses Chana 100 Gm 370 Kcal
Pulses Maki 100 Gm 340 Kcal
Pulses Moong 100 Gm 348 Kcal
Pulses Masoor 100 Gm 345 Kcal

21. DRINKS
Name of Food Quantity Kcals
Water None
Milk 1 Glass 160 Kcal
Tea 1 Cup with 2 Tea spoon 95 Kcal
Pepsi, Coca 1 Bottle 110 Kcal
Mirinda, Fanta 1 Bottle 130 1 Bottle

22. FRUITS
Name of Food Quantity Kcals
Orange 1 (medium size) 40 Kcal
Apple 1 (medium size) 50 Kcal
Guava 1 (medium size) 50 Kcal
Banana 1 (medium size) 65 Kcal
Mango 1 (medium size) 75 Kcal

23. • AGE (More Food is needed in younger)
• SEX (Male requires more calories)
• PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (Laborer require more calories)
• PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS
(Female require more iron in pregnancy, lactation & in menses)
• CLIMATE (In cold more energy food is required
• STATE OF HEALTH
(In convalescence more proteins & minerals are required

24. THANKS