This document defines different types of families and discusses social issues. It describes nuclear families as consisting of married couples and their children, and joint families as extended families with multiple married couples. It outlines the functions of families as providing residence, dividing labor, and socializing children. It also discusses cultural beliefs about health, environmental sanitation practices, food habits, and personal hygiene customs. Finally, it identifies several social issues like alcoholism, drug abuse, gender inequality, dowry, child labor, prostitution, delinquency, domestic violence, and conditions of the handicapped.

2. TYPES OF FAMILIES
AND
SOCIAL EVILS

3. By :
PROF: NAJEEB MEMON
MBBS, DFHC, MPH
BMC
Faculty of community Medicine & Public Health
Sciences (LUMHS)
JAMSHORO SIND PAKISTAN
Director Project Director
QEC LUMHS Water Testing Lab:
LUMHS
e mail mnajeeb80@gmail.com

4. FAMILY
Definition:
A group consisting of parents & their
children.
The family is a primary unit in all societies.
It is a group of biologically related individuals living together
and eating from a common kitchen.
Family: Group of people who are related by marriage,
blood, or
adoption
& who often live together & share economic resources

5. There are 3 units:
1) Biological unit: The family members share a
pool of genes.
2) Social unit: They share a common physical
and social environment.
3) Cultural unit: The family reflects the culture
of society of which it forms a part and
determines the behaviour & attitudes of its
members.

6. 1. Nuclear family (elementary family)
2. Joint family (extended family)
3. Three generation family
TYPES OF FAMILY

7. consists of a married couple and their unmarried children living together
In the nuclear family, the husband usually plays a dominant role in the household.
The husband-wife relationship is likely to be more intimate in the nuclear family than the joint family.
Nu clear Family

8. Joint Family
It consists of a number of married couples and their
children who live together in the same household. All
the men are related by blood and the women of household
are their wives, unmarried girls and widows of the family
kinsmen.

9. a. All the property is held in common. There is a
common family purse to which all family income goes
and from which all the expenditure are met.
b. All the authority is vested in the senior male member
of the family. He is most dominant member and controls
the internal and external affairs of the family.
Joint family is common in India, Africa, Far East and the
Middle East.

10. Three Generation Family
Couple with their children & parents
It occurs usually when young couples are unable
to find separate housing accommodation and
continue to live with their parents and have their
own children.

11. Monogamy: marriage between one man & one
women
Polygamy: marriage of man/women to more
than one person

12. Functions of Family
1 ) R e s i d e n c e : The major social function of
family is to provide a clean and descent home
to its members.
Two types of residence.
i. Patrilocal:
Wife goes to the house of husband.
i. Matrilocal:
Husband goes to live in the house of wife.

13. 2 ) D i v i s i o n o f L a b o u r :
 The male had the sole duty to earn and support
the family.
 The female had the total responsibility for the
day to day care of children and running of the
household.
3) Reproduction and bringing up of children:
 The mother takes absolute care of the infant &
children.
 The father provides education and also teaches
the child about social traditions & customs.

14. 4) Socialization:
The family is a bridge between generations and between
father and sons.
The cultural patterns like eating, cleanliness, dress,
speech, language, behaviour and attitudes are all
transmitted through family.

15. Family Culture
All people whether rural or urban have their own beliefs and
practice about health and disease.
1. Concept of aetiology and Cure:
A. Supranatural Causes: There are many people even
among educated people who believe that certain disease are due
to the wrath of god or goddesses.
Example:
• Smallpox and Chickenpox some people known as Bari and
Chhoti Mata. Where the disease is considered to be due to
the wrath of gods and goddesses. They do not give drugs
but they pujas are made to appease the gods.

16. • Breach of Taboo:
Venereal diseases are believed by some to be due to sexual
intercourse with a women of low caste.
• Past Sins:
Leprosy and tuberculosis are believed by some due to their
past sins.
B. Physical Causes:
The effects of weather: exposure to heat during summer is
responsible for an attack of LOO (Heat Stroke).

17. 2. Environmental Sanitation:
a. Disposal of Human Excreta:
98% of people in rural areas use open fields for defecation. He is
ignorant that faeces is infectious and pollutes water and soil and
promotes fly breeding.
b. Housing:
Rural houses are usually Katcha and damp, ill lighted and ill
ventilated. For reason of security no windows are provided. leads
to chest diseases and eye sight problems. Absence of separate
kitchen, with wood burning leads toward chest diseaseses

18. 3. Food Habits:
 Even in vegetarians, the pattern of eating is not
the same. Some do not take onion and garlic.
 Foods such as meat, eggs and fish considered to
generate heat in the body.
 Foods such as curd, milk , vegetables and lemon
are considered to cool the body.

19. 4. Mother and Child Health:
Mother and child health have been classified as
 Good
 Bad
 Unimportant
Good: Prolonged breast feeding, oil massage and exposure
to sun are good customs.
Bad: Some foods e.g. Eggs, meat, fish, milk, leafy
vegetables are forbidden during pregnancy in some
parts of country. In some parts of country the child is
not put to the breast during the first 3 days of birth
because of belief that colostrums might be harmful.

20. Unimportant:
Application of oil or a paste of turmeric on the
anterior fontanel
5. Personal Hygiene:
I. Oral Hygiene: use of pan, gutka, tobbaco;lead toward
oral cancer; lung cancer; bronchitis and heart disease.
II. Shaving: pricking ear and nose done by tradition men
without sterilization that causes hepatitis and skin
diseases
III. Wearing Shoes: Transmission of hook-worm disease is
associated with bare feet.

21. SOCIAL EVILS
I. Alcoholism
II. Substance abuse (Drug abuse)
III.Gender inequality
IV.Dowry
V. Child labour
VI.Prostitution
VII.Delinquency (minor crime)
VIII.Handicapped
IX.Domestic violence

22. Prostitution:
Prostitution is an age-old social evil. It is a social problem in
most urban areas and to a lesser extent in rural areas.
Causes:
 Change in environment
 Breakdown of family relations
 Illegitimate love
 Easy money making
 Low IQ
 Low moral standards
 Poverty

23. Delinquency:
a delinquent is one who shows deviation from normal
behaviour.
Example: theft, sexual offence, murder...
Causes
 Poverty
 Disturbed home conditions
 Alcoholism
 Drug addiction
Handicapped:
The handicapped comprises following six categories.
i. Blind
ii. Deaf
iii. Orthopaedically handicapped
iv. Mentally retarded
v. Emotionally and socially handicapped

24. Thanks