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Vegetable Gardening Overview,[object Object]
Karen Delahaut, original author,[object Object],Mike Maddox, updates,[object Object],Vegetable Gardening Overview,[object Object]
Portland, OR,[object Object],Community Garden,[object Object]
Portland, OR,[object Object],Vertical Gardening / Community Garden,[object Object]
Kansas City, MO,[object Object],Urban Agriculture,[object Object]
Madison, WI,[object Object],West Madison Agriculture Research Station ,[object Object]
Janesville, WI,[object Object],Rock County Farm / Community Garden,[object Object]
Proximity to trees ,[object Object],Light,[object Object],Soil,[object Object],Site Selection,[object Object],Access,[object Object],Topography,[object Object]
Proximity to Trees,[object Object],Trees and shrubs may compete for the same resources as your garden: light, water, and nutrients.,[object Object],Walnut trees may prove extra harmful due to juglone production.,[object Object]
Light,[object Object],Necessary for photosynthesis,[object Object],6+ hours for most vegetable crops,[object Object],Photoperiod,[object Object],Flower initiation,[object Object],Bulbing & tuber formation,[object Object]
Light,[object Object],Short day plants,[object Object],Sweet potato forms tubers as days grow shorter,[object Object]
Light,[object Object],Long day plants- flower when light exceeds a certain number of hours.,[object Object],Lettuce, spinach, radish,[object Object],Some onions form bulbs with long days ,[object Object],Most N. varieties,[object Object]
Light,[object Object],Day neutral plants- flowers not related to light,[object Object],Cucumber, peas, beans, peppers,[object Object]
Light,[object Object],Too much light,[object Object],Sunscald,[object Object],Defoliation exposing fruit to hot sun,[object Object]
Soil,[object Object],Well drained soils are necessary,[object Object],Be able to work down to 6 or 7 inches,[object Object],Best to till in the fall,[object Object],Saves soil structure,[object Object],Ground is ready to plant in spring,[object Object],Remove large stones, clods, plant debris,[object Object],Particularly important with root crops,[object Object]
Soil,[object Object],Remove grass/ weeds for new gardens,[object Object],Amending soil,[object Object],Add 2 to 4 inches compost or OM ,[object Object],Cover crops / green manures,[object Object],Raised beds / containers,[object Object],If soil isn’t conducive for garden,[object Object]
Soil,[object Object],Soil test,[object Object],Best done in fall,[object Object],Repeat every 3 years,[object Object],Sample 6-7 inches deep in 5+ areas of garden,[object Object],Soil pH (6.0 to 6.8),[object Object],Phosphorus,[object Object],Potassium,[object Object],Organic matter (OM),[object Object]
Soil,[object Object],Benefits of adding organic matter,[object Object],Improves water retention / soil structure,[object Object],Increases soil fertility,[object Object],Increases Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC),[object Object],Ability to hold nutrients,[object Object],Reduces fertilization requirements,[object Object],Enhances microbial activity,[object Object],Pathogen suppression,[object Object],Accelerates breakdown of pesticides and other synthetic compounds,[object Object]
Soil,[object Object],Forking,[object Object],Manure or debris in soil,[object Object]
Adding Compost,[object Object],Add 2-4 inches of compost,[object Object]
Cover Crops & Green Manures,[object Object],Rye is used as a green-manure and double-dug into the ground .,[object Object]
Raised beds,[object Object],Untreated lumber should be used for construction.,[object Object],Beds should be at least 12 inches deep for adequate rooting.,[object Object],Compost and soil were used as the medium.,[object Object]
Mulch,[object Object],Mulches can be used to conserve moisture, suppress weeds and diseases, and add organic matter to the garden.,[object Object],Straw is used in this picture.,[object Object]
To till or not to till?,[object Object]
Topography,[object Object],Local terrain affects choices on garden positioning.,[object Object]
Access,[object Object]
Season length,[object Object],Season extension,[object Object],Cool & warm season crops,[object Object],Seasonal Considerations,[object Object]
Season Length,[object Object],Last killing frost of spring?,[object Object],Northern Wisconsin:,[object Object],Average May 24 to June 6,[object Object],Mid state:,[object Object],Average May 9 to May 23,[object Object],Southern Wisconsin: ,[object Object],Average April 26 to May 9,[object Object]
Season Length,[object Object],First killing frost of autumn?,[object Object],Northern Wisconsin:,[object Object],Average September 13 to September 27,[object Object],Mid state:,[object Object],Average September 27 to October 10,[object Object],Southern Wisconsin: ,[object Object],September 27 to October 24,[object Object]
Season Length,[object Object]
Cool & Warm Season Crops,[object Object],[object Object]
Cool season seeds may have heat-induced dormancy,[object Object]
Season Extension,[object Object],Black landscape fabric is used to warm the soil in the spring.  Tomatoes are planted through the fabric.,[object Object]
Season Extension,[object Object],Walls-o-Water can be used in the early spring to protect warm-season transplants.,[object Object]
Season Extension,[object Object]
Season Extension,[object Object],Summer planting of radish seeds; screen provides shade to cool soil and avoid heat-induced dormancy.,[object Object]
Season Extension,[object Object],Floating row covers can protect crops from frost.,[object Object]
Season Extension,[object Object],Cold frame used to harden off plants in the spring.,[object Object]
Size of mature plant,[object Object],Days to harvest,[object Object],Heirlooms and hybrids,[object Object],Disease resistance,[object Object],Seed saving,[object Object],Variety Selection,[object Object]
Variety Selection,[object Object],Size of mature plant,[object Object],Examples,[object Object],Bush vs Pole bean,[object Object],Bush vs Vine ,[object Object],Determinate vs Indeterminate,[object Object],Dwarf?,[object Object],Fruit size?,[object Object]
Days to Harvest,[object Object],Pay particular attention to long season plants,[object Object],Corn,[object Object],Pumpkins,[object Object]
Heirloom,[object Object],Old-fashioned varieties,[object Object],Selected for flavor,[object Object],Not selected for disease resistance, uniformity or storage,[object Object],In-bred seeds, may be appropriate for seed saving,[object Object]
Hybrids,[object Object],Grown for:,[object Object],Pest resistance,[object Object],Uniformity,[object Object],“Vigor”,[object Object],Seeds may not be appropriate for saving,[object Object],Progeny of F1 may not be true-to-type or uniform.,[object Object],AA x aa = Aa (F1),[object Object],Aa x Aa = Aa, AA, aa (F2),[object Object]
Hybrids,[object Object]
Disease Resistance,[object Object],Select resistant varieties if practical,[object Object],No one variety is resistant to all diseases of that vegetable,[object Object],Seed catalogs will indicate varieties are resistant,[object Object]
Seed Saving,[object Object],Some diseases are carried on or in the seed,[object Object],Don’t save seed from cross pollinated plants,[object Object],Especially vine crops!,[object Object],Self pollinated crops include,[object Object],Beans, eggplant, peas, pepper, tomato,[object Object]
Timing,[object Object],Direct seeding & transplants,[object Object],Spacing & thinning,[object Object],Succession planting,[object Object],Crop rotation,[object Object],Planting,[object Object]
Timing,[object Object],Succession planting,[object Object],Make the most of our short growing season!,[object Object],Days to harvest important,[object Object],Plant late season crops after early season crops are harvested,[object Object],Multiple plantings of a single crop ,[object Object],Multiple cultivars with different days to maturity,[object Object]
Timing,[object Object],Early Season Crops,[object Object],Long Season Crops,[object Object],Late Season Crops,[object Object],Early Beets,[object Object],Early Cabbage,[object Object],Lettuce,[object Object],Onion Sets,[object Object],Peas,[object Object],Radishes,[object Object],Early Spinach,[object Object],Mustard,[object Object],Turnips ,[object Object],Beans,[object Object],Cabbage,[object Object],Celery,[object Object],Sweet Corn,[object Object],Cucumbers,[object Object],Eggplant,[object Object],Muskmelons,[object Object],Peppers,[object Object],Potatoes,[object Object],Pumpkin,[object Object],Squash,[object Object],Swiss Chard,[object Object],Tomatoes,[object Object],Watermelon,[object Object],Bush Beans,[object Object],Beets,[object Object],Broccoli,[object Object],Chinese Cabbage,[object Object],Carrots,[object Object],Cauliflower,[object Object],Kale,[object Object],Kohlrabi,[object Object],Lettuce,[object Object],Radishes,[object Object],Spinach,[object Object],Turnips,[object Object]
Timing,[object Object],… summer…,[object Object],… fall,[object Object],Plant in spring…,[object Object]
Timing,[object Object],Plant Week 1,[object Object],Plant Week 6,[object Object],Plant Week 4,[object Object]
Timing,[object Object],Plant all at same time,[object Object]
Transplants vs Direct Seeding,[object Object],Transplant,[object Object],Direct Seed,[object Object]
Transplants vs Direct Seeding,[object Object],Transplant,[object Object],Direct Seed,[object Object],Necessary for long season and some cool season crops,[object Object],Basil, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, celery, chard, chives, collards, eggplant, endive, escarole, kale, kohlrabi, leeks, mustard, okra, onions, parsley, peppers, tomatoes ,[object Object],Useful for crops that do not transplant well and crops that will mature within the growing season,[object Object],Beans, beets, carrots, corn, cucumbers, garlic, lettuce, micro greens, muskmelons, okra, parsnips, peas, pumpkins, radishes, rutabaga, salsify, squash, turnips, watermelon ,[object Object]
Transplanting,[object Object],Transplant on cloudy days to minimize sun scald.,[object Object],Water well after transplanting.,[object Object],Plant at the same depth as in the pot. (exception: tomatoes),[object Object]
Direct Seeding,[object Object],Space seeds as recommended on the packet.,[object Object],Dense planting will promote disease.,[object Object],Small-seeded crops will need thinning:CarrotsRadishesBeetsLettuce ,[object Object]
Spacing & Thinning,[object Object]
Maintenance,[object Object],Crop rotation,[object Object],Watering,[object Object],Mulching,[object Object],Weeding,[object Object],Pest Control,[object Object]
Crop Rotation,[object Object]
Crop Rotation,[object Object],Potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant are all members of the solanaceous family.,[object Object],Beans and peas are legumes.,[object Object],Cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and squash are all cucurbits.,[object Object],Radishes, rutabagas, and turnips are all cole crops just like cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts.,[object Object],Onions, garlic, leeks, shallots, chives are alliums.,[object Object],Crop rotations of at least 4 years are recommended.,[object Object]
Crop Rotation,[object Object],Insect & disease management ,[object Object],Weed management,[object Object],Nutrient demands,[object Object],Increased soil nitrogen,[object Object],Benefits of the preceding crops ,[object Object],Improved physical condition of the soil,[object Object],Increased microbial activity,[object Object],Increased release of CO2,[object Object],Excretion of beneficial substances,[object Object]
Crop Rotation,[object Object],Group crops according to which diseases they are susceptible to ,[object Object],Alternate root vegetables and vegetables with shallow roots: this will improve the soil structure ,[object Object],If you use interplanting (planting different vegetables together in the same bed), use the main crop in your rotation plan ,[object Object],Remember tomatoes and potatoes are both members of the nightshade family: don’t plant one to follow the other ,[object Object],Plant brassicas and leafy greens to follow legumes: they like the added nitrogen ,[object Object],Beware of planting carrots or beetroot in direct succession to a legume ,[object Object]
Interplanting,[object Object],Potatoes and cabbage rows,[object Object]
Watering,[object Object],Mulching,[object Object],Harvesting,[object Object],Maintenance,[object Object],Weeding,[object Object],Insects,[object Object],Diseases,[object Object]
Watering,[object Object],Matching water application to plant needs.,[object Object],Based on ,[object Object],Soil type,[object Object],Rainfall,[object Object],Crop requirements,[object Object],Growth stage,[object Object],Experience and soil examination are best measures.,[object Object],Rain gauge,[object Object],Don’t base watering on crop appearance.,[object Object]
Watering,[object Object],Vegetables may need 1 to 2 inches per week, depending on the weather.  Overhead watering may promote diseases.,[object Object]
Mulching,[object Object],Mulching with an organic material can suppress weeds and conserve moisture in the garden.,[object Object]
Insects,[object Object],Colorado Potato Beetle,[object Object]
Insects,[object Object]
Diseases,[object Object],Early Blight (left),[object Object],Late Blight(right),[object Object]
Diseases,[object Object]
Weeds,[object Object]
Harvesting,[object Object],Timing,[object Object],Harvest early in the day,[object Object],Prevent wounds,[object Object],Discard culls,[object Object],Cool the vegetables quickly & thoroughly,[object Object]
Harvesting,[object Object],Submerging vegetables for 15 to 20 minutes in water can remove unwanted field heat.,[object Object]
Preserving,[object Object],UWEX Publications (http://learningstore.uwex.edu),[object Object],Harvesting Vegetables from the Home Garden,[object Object],Freezing fruits and vegetables,[object Object],Canning vegetables safely,[object Object],More…,[object Object]

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Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. A good rotation spaces pest susceptible crops at intervals the will hinder the buildup of pests in the field.Rotations can also be used to control weeds. “Cleaning crops” such as potatoes, pumpkins and winter squash eradicate problem weeds through hilling or the extensive crop cover. Herbicides may be used in some crops to control weeds that are problematic to other crops in which the herbicide is not registered. Some crops are more efficient at using less soluble forms of plant nutrients. Less-evolved crops such as cabbage are more efficient at doing this than highly developed crops like lettuce and cucumbers. The variety in rooting depths and the extent of the root system will improve and maintain good soil structure. Sweet corn and squash require deep cultivation and a high level of soil organic matter. Beans and peas are legumes capable of fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere, so they will not need additional fertilizer but still require deep cultivation. Root crops such as radishes, carrots, beets, turnips, and rutabagas also require deep cultivation for proper root development, but the addition of manure and too much organic matter will cause the roots to become disfigured. And cabbage and other cole crops require a firm soil with an alkaline pH to avoid succumbing to clubroot.Also, try to plan the rotation so that successive crops benefit from their predecessor. For example, sweet corn is a heavy feeder so it’s best to plant sweet corn in an area where peas or beans were the previous year because these crops add nitrogen to the soil. Potatoes and vine crops are easy to weed and will “clean” the soil, thereby reducing weed problems in subsequent onion and root crops that are not easily weeded and have a small canopy to shade out weeds.