My Presentation On Rambutan

1. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum)

5. Family:Sapindaceae

6. Genus:Nephelium

7. Species:N. lappaceumScientific Classification:

9. Fruit: Is a round to oval drupe 3–6 cm tall and 3-4 cm broad, borne in a loose pendant cluster of 10-20 together. The fruit flesh is translucent, whitish or very pale pink, with a sweet, mildly acidic flavor.

10. The single seed is glossy brown, 1–1.3 cm, with a white basal scar. The seed is soft and crunchy. They are mildly poisonous when raw, but may be cooked and eaten. Skin: Is reddish (rarely orange or yellow), and covered with fleshy pliable spines, hence the name Rambutan, derived from the Malay word rambut which means hairs..

12. The pericarp (rind) of Rambutan contains saponin and tannin and in Java it is dried and used medicinally. The seeds contain tallow which has a high level of arachidic acid and is sometimes used to make soap and candles. The seed of the Rambutan should not be eaten raw due to its high level of toxicity and is also said to be narcotic.Toxicity There are traces of an alkaloid in the seed, and the testa contains saponin and tannin. The seeds are said to be bitter and narcotic. The fruit rind also is said to contain a toxic saponin and tannin.

14. The fruit are usually sold fresh, used in making jams and jellies, or canned. Evergreen Rambutan trees with their abundant colored fruit make beautiful landscape specimens.Products: Aside from eating its fresh fruit, Rambutan fruits can also be processed to products like jam, jellies, Rambutan cocktail, Rambutan sweets and canned Rambutan. Rambutan sweets are used for pie (as raisin), ice cream and fruit ice. Sometimes arils are canned by stuffing with pineapple in heavy syrup.

16. The best quality Rambutan is generally that which is harvested still attached to the branch. It is less susceptible to rot, damage, and pests, and remains fresh for a much longer time than Rambutan that has been picked from the branch.

21. Rambutan flowers from March to July and again between July and November, usually in response to rain following a dry period. Flowering periods differ for other localities. Most, but not all, flowers open early in the day. Up to 100 flowers in each female panicle may be open each day during peak bloom. Initial fruit set may approach 25% but a high level of abortion contributes to a much lower level of production at harvest (1 to 3%). The fruit matures 15–18 weeks after flowering.

24. ‘Roxas’ – Dark-red; medium-sized; flesh thick (42.97% of fruit); juicy, sweet, adheres to seed. Yield: 429 lbs (195 kg) per tree at 8 years of age. ‘Zamora’ – Yellowish rind with pale-pink spines; oblong; small; rind hard; flesh thick (38.29% of fruit), juicy and sweet. Yield: 330 lbs (150 kg) per tree at 7 years of age. Ripens mid-to late October. After 2 weeks of refrigeration at 60º F (15.56º C) 80% of the fruits were still in good condition. Victoria’ – Yellowish with red spines; rind thick; flesh thick, juicy, sweet, freestone. Yield: 132 lbs (60 kg) per tree at 6 years of age. Early in season (mid-July). ‘Baby Christie’ – Yellowish-red with soft, silvery-pink spines; large. Flesh thick (36.41% of fruit).

25. ‘Governor Infantada’ – Oblong, very large; rind pliable; flesh thick (39.28% of fruit), juicy, sweet and slightly acid; adheres tightly to seed. Yield: 330 lbs (150 kg) per tree at 6 years of age. Fruits keep only 1 week at 60º F (15.56º C). ‘Laurel, Sr.’ – Pinkish-red, small; flesh thick (39.76% of fruit). Tree very low-growing, spreading. ‘Fortich’ – Yellowish-red; medium-sized; flesh thick (40.95% of fruit); juicy, sweet; freestone. Early in season.

26. ‘Osmena, Sr.’ – Purple-red; medium-sized; flesh thick (38.90% of fruit); juicy, sweet; freestone. Ripens late in season. ‘Ponderosa Ferreras’ (from Arago, Farm) – Crimson red with very prominent spines; very large; flesh thick (35.73% of fruit); juicy, sweet, freestone. Early in season. Yield: 303 lbs (138 kg) per tree at 6 years of age. ‘Quirino’ – Yellowish with pinkish-red spines; small; flesh thick (32.78 % of fruit), juicy and sweet. Borne in large clusters of up to 85 fruits each. ‘Magsaysay’ – Dark-red to near-black with dark-red spines; oblong, large; rind pliable; flesh thick (42.68% of fruit); juicy, sweet; freestone. Yield: 176 lbs (80 kg) per tree at 6 years of age.

27. ‘Santo Tomas’ – Yellowish-pink with reddish-pink, soft spines. Nearly round; rind hard; flesh thick (43.25% of fruit); seed small. Yield: 352 lbs (160 kg) per tree at 8 years of age. ‘Rodrigas’ (from Arago Farm) – Medium-sized; flesh thick (38.46% of fruit). ‘Manahan’ (from Arago Farm) – Medium-sized; flesh thick (37.37% of fruit). ‘Santan’ (from Arago Farm) – Flesh thick (34.26% of fruit). ‘Arago’ (from Arago Farm) – flesh very thick (41.42% of fruit). ‘Cruz’ or ‘Cruzas’ (from Arago Farm) – flesh medium-thick (26.15% of fruit).

28. Cultural management: In the Philippines, it is recommended that the trees be planted at least 33 ft (10 m) apart each way, though 40 ft (12 m) is not too much in rich soil. If the trees are set too close to each other, they will become overcrowded in a few years and production will be seriously affected. Philippine agronomists apply 2.2 lbs (1 kg) ammonium sulfate together with 2.2 lbs (1 kg) complete fertilizer (12-24-12) per tree immediately after harvest and give the same amount of ammonium sulfate to each tree near the end of the rainy season. Studies in Malaya show that a harvest of 6,000 lbs/acre (6,720 kg/ha) of Rambutan fruits removes from the soil 15 lbs/acre (approximately 15 kg/ha) nitrogen, 2 lbs/acre (2 kg/ha) phosphorus, 11.5 lbs/acre (11.5 kg/ha) potassium, 5.9 lbs/acre (5.9 kg/ha) calcium, and 2.67 lbs/acre (2.67 kg/ha) magnesium. Irrigation is given as needed in dry seasons. Light pruning is done only to improve the form of the tree and strengthen it. Rambutan trees should be sheltered from strong winds which do much damage during the flowering and fruiting periods.

29. Climate And sOIl

32. Rambutan seedlings bear in 5-6 years, but the ratio of female to male trees is 4 or 5 to 7. One Philippine seedling orchard was found to have 67% male trees. Then, too, hardly 5% of female trees give a profitable yield. Vegetative propagation is essential.

34. 1. Clear/Underbrush and remove all stumps. 2. Plow and harrow thoroughly to loosen the soil. 3. Stake at a distance of 8-10 meters between hills and 8-10 meters between rows. Prepare holes 30 centimeters in diameter at a depth of 30 centimeters. Land preparation:

35. 1. Remove the plastic bag and plant the seedling into the prepared hole without breaking the ball of soil. 2. Cover the hole with top soil and press gently. planting:

36. maintenance: 1. Provide shade to the newly planted rambutan seedlings for a period of two weeks to a few months depending on weather condition to enable the plant to recover from transplanting shock and to shade it from strong sunlight. 2. Apply basally, 60 grams (6 tbsp) of complete fertilizer (14-14-14) or based on soil analysis and cover with thin layer of soil. The rate of application increases as the tree grows bigger. 3. Ring weed quarterly or as the need arise.

39. Harvesting is done using secateurs or a long pole with a hook on one end. Avoid making damage to the branches while harvesting as these are the sources of next crop.

40. Harvesting schedules in a moderately-sized orchard (200-300 trees) are three times a week during the height of the season.

44. Mealy Bugs- Spray with Malathion, Roxion

45. Twig Borer- Prune infested twig and burn

46. Powdery Mildew- Spray with Fungitox, Benlate, Bayleton

47. Damping-off- Spray with Benlate

51. Wood: The tree is seldom felled. However, the wood – red, reddish-white, or brownish – is suitable for construction though apt to split unless carefully dried.

53. Dried Rambutan Rambutan Wine

54. Rambutan Ice Cream Rambutan Tea Rambutan Juice

55. Rambutan Reported by: Omair M. Radia