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THE DIRECT METHOD,[object Object]
The Reform Movement,[object Object],TheDirectMethod,[object Object],Linguists, such as Henry Sweet (1845-1912)in England, Wilhelm Viëtor (1850-1918) İn Germany, and Paul ÉdouardPassy (1859-1940)in France too became interested in the controversies that emerged about the best way to teach foreign languages, and ideas were fiercely discussed and defended in books( The Practical Study of Languages by H. Sweet), articles and pamphlets(Language Teaching Must Start Afresh by W. Viëtor).,[object Object],Reformers in the late 19th century shared many beliefs about the principles on which a new approach to teaching foreign languages should be based. ,[object Object]
TheDirectMethod,[object Object],The late nineteenth-century reformers shared the following beliefs:,[object Object],Knowing a language is being able to speak it.,[object Object],Great stress on correct pronunciation and target language from outset.,[object Object],Second language learning must be an imitation of first language learning, as this is the natural way humans learn any language.,[object Object],The written word / writing should be delayed until after the printed word has been introduced.,[object Object],The learning of grammarductively/ translating skills should be avoided.,[object Object],All above items must be avoided because they hinder the acquisition of a good oral proficiency. ,[object Object]
The Direct Method ,[object Object],  Teachers, frustrated by the limits of the Grammar Translation Method in terms of its inability to create communicative competence in students, began to experiment with new ways of teaching language like Direct Method in post-war and depression era classrooms. This method’s name comes from the fact that meaning is to be conveyed directly in the target language. And it’s also called Natural Method as it’sbased on thewaychildrenlearntheirnativelanguage.,[object Object]
DirectMethod,[object Object],Aim: The Direct Method aims at establishing the direct bond between thought and expressions and between experience and language. It is based on the assumption that the learner should experience the new language in the same way as he experienced his mother tongue.,[object Object],Its main features are:,[object Object],Only the use of target language is allowed in class,,[object Object],Students are encouraged to think in the target language,,[object Object],Grammar should be taughtinductively,,[object Object],This method is based on sound principles of education.It believes in introducing the particular before general, concrete before abstract and practice before theory.,[object Object]
The teacher should demonstrate not explain or translate,,[object Object],Vocabularyshould be learned in fullsentencesratherthanmemorizingwordlists,,[object Object],Pronunciationshould be worked on rightfromoutset,,[object Object],Self-correctionfacilitateslanguagelearning,,,[object Object],First speaking is taught and then reading and writing, ,[object Object],The learner should be actively involved in using the targetlanguage in realistic everyday situation, ,[object Object],Thesyllabus is based on situationsortopics, not usually on linguisticstructures,,[object Object],Objectsshould be usedtohelpstudentunderstandthemeaning.,[object Object],DirectMethod,[object Object]
A comparison between the Direct Method and the Grammar Translation Method,[object Object],D.M,[object Object],G.T.M,[object Object],avoids close association between the second language and the mothertongue.,[object Object],lays emphasis on speech.,[object Object], follows the child’s natural way of learning a language.,[object Object],teaches the language by ‘use’ ,[object Object],does not favour the teaching of formal grammar at the early stage.,[object Object],maintains close association between the second language and the mother tongue.,[object Object],lays emphasis on translation.,[object Object],follows the adult’s natural way of learning a language.,[object Object], teaches the language by ‘rule’.,[object Object],teaches formal grammar from the very beginning.,[object Object], ,[object Object]
DirectMethod,[object Object],There were many linguistsin the 19th century who tried toapply natural principles of learning language, as a child does, to the second language classroom.,[object Object], Among those whobestpresentedthemethod were,[object Object],[object Object]
L. Sauveur: used intensive oral interaction in the target language.
M. Berlitz : referredtoDirectMethodused in his school as the ‘’BerlitzMethod’’.,[object Object]
Strategies Using Direct Method,[object Object],DirectMethod,[object Object],[object Object]
Dictation:The teacher chooses a grade appropriate passage and reads the text aloud.Teacherreadsthepassagethreetimes.
Reading Aloud:Students take turn reading sections of a passage, play or dialog out loud.
Getting Students to Self-Correct:The teacher should have the students self-correct by offering them a choice between what they said and the correctanswer.,[object Object]
Map Drawing: Studentsaregiven a mapwithoutlabeledthenthestudentslabel it byusingthedirectionstheteachergives.
ParagraphWriting : Thestudentsareaskedtowrite a passage in theirownwords. They can do thisfrommemoryoruse a readingpassage in thelesson as a model.,[object Object]

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Direct method