Presented at Laracon AU 2019

1. Behavior Driven
Development and
Laravel
1

2. About Me
• Marcus Moore
• San Diego, CA
• Diego Dev Group
• San Diego PHP User Group co-organizer
2

3. Overview
• My history with Behavior Driven Development
• Behavior Driven Development
• Behavior Driven Development and Laravel
3

4. My History with BDD
• When I worked at a small school
• Gathering requirements was easy!
4

5. My History with BDD
• Working for an agency...
• Requirement gathering got harder...
• Many clients with many communication styles
• "Who has solved this?"
5

6. Behavior Driven Development
• Extension of Test Driven Development (TDD)
• BDD works closely with Unit Testing
• BDD is not about testing
• Helps you build the right thing
6

7. Communication is hard
• Ambiguities arise
• Assumptions are made
• Rework becomes inevitable
7

8. BDD's Goals
• Close communication gap between all stakeholders using
real examples
• Establish a shared understanding of the desired outcome
• Eliminate "rework"
8

9. Three Steps
1. Discovery
2. Formulation
3. Automation
9

10. Discovery
• Most important part!
• Enables stakeholders to have focused conversations
• Fills knowledge gaps
• Develops an understanding of how the software should
function using real examples
10

11. Methods of Discovery
• Discovery Workshops
• Example Mapping
• Event Storming
• etc...
11

12. Discovery Workshops
• AKA the Three Amigos
• Short and frequent meetings
• Different people with different perspectives
12

13. Three Amigos
1. Business Person (Product Owner)
• Determines "what"
• Expresses the user stories
2. Developer
• Determines "how"
• Looks for details and potential roadblocks
3. Quality Assurance
• Come up with the "what if's"
• Tries to determine what will break
13

14. Discovery Results
• Complete shared understanding
• Concrete examples
14

15. Formulation
• Documentation of the concrete examples
• Written in natural language syntax
• Readable by humans and software
• .feature files
• Gherkin
15

16. Gherkin
• Tells the Story via a narrative
• Easy for non-technical people to read
16

17. Feature: Requesting rides
As a verified user
I want to request a ride
So that I can get to my destination on time
Rule: Unverified users cannot request rides
Rule: User cannot request ride for more than 5 people
Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
17

18. Given - Set the state of the world
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
18

19. When - Interact with the application
When I request a ride for 4 people
19

20. Then - Check the outcome of the interaction
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
20

21. Feature: Requesting rides
As a verified user
I want to request a ride
So that I can get to my destination on time
Rule: Unverified users cannot request rides
Rule: User cannot request ride for more than 5 people
Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
21

22. Formulation Results
• Common terminology solidified
• Shared understanding is documented in feature files
• New people can understand the application
22

23. Automation
• Start to implement the features with BDD and TDD
• Double-Loop Workflow
• Implement the features with Behat
23

24. Behat
• The go-to BDD Framework for PHP
• Implementation of Cucumber
24

25. Laravel and Behat
25

26. Installation and Setup
• Install via Composer
• vendor/bin/behat !"init
• Add your feature files to /features
• vendor/bin/behat !"append-snippets
26

27. Feature: Requesting rides
As a verified user
I want to request a ride
So that I can get to my destination on time
Rule: Unverified users cannot request rides
Rule: User cannot request ride for more than 5 people
Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
27

28. /**
* @Given I am a verified user
"#
public function iAmAVerifiedUser()
{
throw new PendingException();
}
28

29. /**
* @Given I am a verified user
"#
public function iAmAVerifiedUser()
{
$this"$actingUser = factory(User"%class)
"$state('verified')
"$create();
$this"$userLocation = [
'latitude' "& '32.7',
'longitude' "& '-117.1',
];
}
29

30. class FeatureContext implements Context
{
public function !"construct()
{
}
}
30

31. class BaseContext extends TestCase implements Context
{
use CreatesApplication;
public function !"construct()
{
putenv('APP_ENV=testing');
parent!#!"construct();
$this!$setUp();
$this!$withoutExceptionHandling();
}
/** @BeforeScenario !%
public function before(BeforeScenarioScope $scope)
{
$this!$artisan('migrate:fresh');
}
}
31

32. /**
* @Given I am a verified user
"#
public function iAmAVerifiedUser()
{
$this"$actingUser = factory(User"%class)
"$state('verified')
"$create();
$this"$userLocation = [
'latitude' "& '32.7',
'longitude' "& '-117.1',
];
}
32

33. /**
* @And there is a van with :arg1 seats nearby
!"
public function thereIsAVanWithSeatsNearby($arg1)
{
throw new PendingException();
}
33

34. And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
34

35. /**
* @And there is a van with :arg1 seats nearby
!"
public function thereIsAVanWithSeatsNearby($arg1)
{
throw new PendingException();
}
35

36. /**
* @And there is a van with :numberOfSeats seats nearby
!"
public function thereIsAVanWithSeatsNearby($numberOfSeats)
{
$this!#createVan($numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser = 3);
}
36

37. /**
* @And there is a car with :numberOfSeats seats next to me
!"
public function thereIsACarWithSeatsNextToMe($numberOfSeats)
{
$this!#createCar($numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser = 1);
}
37

38. $this!"createVan($numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser = 3);
$this!"createCar($numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser = 1);
38

39. Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
39

40. Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a "van" with "5" seats "nearby"
And there is a "car" with "3" seats "next to me"
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
40

41. /**
* @Given there is a :arg1 with :arg2 seats :arg3
!"
public function thereIsAWithSeats($arg1, $arg2, $arg3)
{
throw new PendingException();
}
41

42. /**
* @Given there is a :typeOfVehicle with :numberOfSeats seats :distanceFromUser
!"
public function thereIsAWithSeatsNearby($typeOfVehicle, $numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser)
{
$distance = 3;
if ($distanceFromUser !!# 'next to me') {
$distance = 1;
}
$this!$vehicles[$typeOfVehicle] = $this!$createVehicle($typeOfVehicle, $numberOfSeats, $distance);
}
42

43. /**
* @When I request a ride for :numberOfPeople people
!"
public function iRequestARideForPeople($numberOfPeople)
{
$this!#response = $this!#actingAs($this!#actingUser)
!#json(
'POST',
'/api/get-ride',
[
'location' !% $this!#userLocation,
'number_of_seats' !% $numberOfPeople
]
);
}
43

44. !" Controller does some work to match user and driver
!" Good time to TDD a service!
return response()!#json([
'message' !$ $closestVehicle!#driver . ' will pick you up soon!',
]);
44

45. /**
* @Then I should see I am being connected to the van
!"
public function iShouldSeeIAmBeingConnectedToTheVan()
{
$messageFromResponse = $this!#response!#decodeResponseJson('message');
$nameOfVanDriver = $this!#vehicles['van']['driver'];
$this!#assertTrue(Str!$contains($messageFromResponse, $nameOfVanDriver));
}
45

46. Repeat the cycle for the rest of the scenarios...
46

47. Also... Mink
47

48. Automation Results
• Real-world examples drove the development of the
application
• The application is tested on multiple levels
48

49. So...
1. Discovery
2. Formulation
3. Automation
4.
! "
49

50. Thank you
• bit.ly/laracon-au-bdd
• twitter.com/marcusamoore
50