An introduction to the chemical physical remediation techniques module

1. UNIVERSITY OF PARMA
Dott. Marco Rossetti
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Parma, 13h of June 2009 – Soil & Groundwater conventional remediation techniques 15

2. While soils are as essential to human society as air and water,
soil degradation has not received nearly as much attention as
the threats to these other two elements.
Still soils are the basis for 90 % of all human food, livestock
feed, fibre and fuel. They support human settlements and
provide raw materials and groundwater. Major problems in
Europe include: loss of top-soil due to erosion or building
activities, contamination, and acidification.
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3. Contaminated sites in Europe in the 1987:
Number of from 120.000 to 150.000
contaminated
sites is .. contaminated sites in Europe in the 2006:
increasing ... up to 1.800.000
according to the
following reasons .. potentially contaminated sites in Europe to the
2025: .. increasing by 50 %
1. Cadastre and remediation plans
2. Standard definition and Risk evaluation criteria
3. Research program on sampling and analysis 3 of
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4. WASTES LEGISLATION
SAFETY LEGISLATION
TENDER LEGISLATION
QUALITY
SAFETY
ENVIRONMENT
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5. USA:
• RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976)
• CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability Act (1980)
ITALY:
• D.Lgs 22/1997: art. 17 Bonifica e ripristino ambientale dei siti
inquinati (1997)
• L. 426/1998: Prima lista dei siti di interesse nazionale (26 siti)
(1998)
• D.M. 471/1999: Regolamento recante criteri, procedure e
modalità per la messa in sicurezza, la bonifica e il ripristino
ambientale dei siti inquinati ai sensi dell’art. 17 D.Lgs. 22/97 (1999)
• D.M. 468/2001: secondo programma nazionale di bonifica e
ripristino ambientale dei siti contaminati (aggiunti altri 23 siti)
(2001)
• D.Lgs. 152/2006: Titolo V bonifica di siti contaminati (da art.
239) (2006)
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6. ... abandoned landfills where in the past industrial
wastes were treated, stored or disposed of, and
abandoned industrial sites, where in the past
through industrial or commercial activities
environmentally dangerous substances were used
or dealt with, which pose or are likely to pose a
risk to the environment, particularly to human
health
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7. Tanneries, creosote production plant, mining,
As, Cu, Cr
foundry
Foundry Pb
Petrol station, fuel stoking plant, oil
spill, chemical waste disposal HC
Same sources of HC +
PAH, PCDD, PCDF
Gas production from coke
Agricolture Pesticides (DDT, Dieldrin, ..)
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9. Vadose Zone:
… the result of bedrock degradation mixture of Unsaturated zone (soil horizon where
mineral particle, organic matter (humus, root, non all the pore are saturated by
bacteria, ..) and water water )+ capillary fringe (transition
layer between unsaturated and
saturated zone)
Momitoring well
Soil s.s. Soil
Unsaturated Zone
Capillary fringe
Ground water /
Subsoil Saturated Zone
Bedrock
Saturated zone: soil horizon where all
the pore are saturated by water while
…. mineral particle having pore where 9
there is no air at alla and gases are of
water or air can be founded
dissolved into the liquid phase
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10. SOURCES VECTORS RECEPTOR
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11. LANDLORD
(Landlord, Estate agency, Works director, Works director assistant, Safety
supervisor, .. )
CHARACTERIZATION AND PROJECT DESIGN
(designer, specialist, .. )
CONTRACTOR
(designer, project manager, job site supervisor, specialist, research
and development technician, … )
GOVERNATIVE CONTROLLER
(Functionary, technician, consultant, .. )
RESEARCH
(researcher, laboratory technician, .. )
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12. SOIL IN SITU PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL/THERMAL SOIL EX SITU PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL/THERMAL
TREATMENT TREATMENT (ASSUMING EXCAVATION)
1. Chemical Oxidation 1. Chemical Extraction
2. Electrokinetic Separation 2. Chemical Reduction/Oxidation
3. Fracturing 3. Dehalogenation
4. Soil Flushing 4. Separation
5. Soil Vapor Extraction 5. Soil Washing
6. Solidification/Stabilization 6. Solidification/Stabilization
7. Thermal Treatment 7. Landfill disposal
8. Hot Gas Decontamination
9. Incineration
10. Open Burn/Open Detonation
11. Pyrolysis
12. Thermal Desorption
GROUNDWATER IN SITU GROUNDWATER EX SITU
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL/THERMAL TREATMENT PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL/THERMAL TREATMENT
(ASSUMING PUMPING)
1. Air Sparging
2. Bioslurping 1. Adsorption/Absorption
3. Chemical Oxidation 2. Advanced Oxidation Processes
4. Directional Wells 3. Air Stripping
5. Dual Phase Extraction 4. Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC)/Liquid Phase
6. Thermal Treatment Carbon Adsorption
7. Hydrofracturing Enhancements 5. Ground Water Pumping/Pump and Treat
8. In-Well Air Stripping 6. Ion Exchange
9. Passive/Reactive Treatment Walls 7. Precipitation/Coagulation/Flocculation
10. In situ containment 8. Separation
9. Sprinkler Irrigation
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14. http://www.epa.gov
http://www.epa.gov
hhttp://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-
hhttp://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em.html
://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng
http://clu-
http://clu-in.org/
Environmental Engineering, 1985, HOWARD S. Peavy ET AL.,
Mcgraw hill
Siti contaminati, L.Morselli, 1993,CLUEB Bologna
………
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