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2. CONCEPT OF DECISION-MAKING
Decision-making is a mental process where in
individuals evaluate the options available to them &
choose the one that best suits their needs .
Group Decision-making
Group Decision making is a process of taking
decisions collectively by group of members. Group
consists of committees, taskforce, team & other formal
& informal groups.
 Group decisions would become particularly
appropriate for non programmed decisions i.e new or
unique decisions eg moving to new market, product
diversification, new investment etc

3. Group of Business People

4. GROUP DECISION MAKING
METHODS
OR FORMS
There are many methods or procedures
that can be used by groups. Each is
designed to improve the decision-
making process in some way.
Some of the more common
group decision-making methods are
brainstorming, dialetical inquiry,
nominal group technique, and the
delphi technique.

5. Three Comman Techniques of
Group Decision Making/Forms
DIALETICAL
INQUIRY

6. 1.Brainstorming
 It is a technique of group decision making in which individuals
generate ideas in the form of free discussion & understanding.
Brainstorming involves group members verbally
suggesting ideas or alternative courses of action.The situation at hand
is described in as much detail as necessary so that group members
have a complete understanding of the issue or problem.
Under this technique a group is gathered, presented with
problem & encouraged to produce as many ideas & solutions they can.
All these ideas are recorded in a visible chart, marker board etc so that
everybody can see every idea & try to improve upon them.
Later on these ideas are
analyzed & unsuitable solutions are discarded. One of the difficulties
with brainstorming is that despite the prohibition against judging ideas
until all group members have had their say, some individuals are
hesitant to propose ideas because they fear the judgment of other
group members
. In recent years, some
decision-making groups have utilized electronic brainstorming, which
allows group members to propose alternatives by means of e-mail or
another electronic means, such as an online posting board or
discussion room. Members could conceivably offer their ideas

7. 2. Delphi Technique
&DIALETICAL INQUIRY
 Dialetical inquiry is a group decision-making technique
that focuses on ensuring full consideration of
alternatives . Essentially, it involves dividing the group
into opposing sides, which debate the advantages and
disadvantages of proposed solutions or decisions.
In Delphi Technique a group of expert is gathered & they
are asked to give their opinions about the problems .
The advantage of delphi technique is that
group experts are totally independent &are not
influenced by opinions of others.

8. 3.Nominal Group Technique
 Nominal Group Technique is structured technique used to generate creative and
innovative ideas. They are very similar to brain storming but is taken as an
effective technique of group decision.This technique invovles 2 process/stages
A. First Stage:- The co-ordinator of the group presents the problems to the
members ,each members generate ideas & writes down silently & independently
in a sheet of paper .The co-ordinator collects these written ideas & writes them
in a visible chart
B. Second phase:- The written ideas are discussed one by one in a
sequence.Each member is encouraged to clarify the ideas. After all the ideas
are discussed & clarified , they are evaluated on the basis of their comparative
advantages & disadvantages.Each participative member is necessary to vote on
each idea.The alternative having highest rank is selected as the best alternative
This Technique has gained recognition in the
health,social service,education industrial,
government organizations etc

9. ADVANTAGES
OF GROUP DECISION MAKING
 Group decision-making, ideally, takes advantage of the
diverse strengths and expertise of its members. By
tapping the unique qualities of group members, it is
possible that the group can generate a greater number
of alternatives that are of higher quality than the
individual. If a greater number of higher quality
alternatives are generated, then it is likely that the group
will eventually reach a superior problem solution than
the individual. Advantages are as follows:-
 It Provides complete information(Two heads are better
than one .Group members have specialized knowledge
&able to provide more information and knowledge than
individuals.
 Generate more alternatives(they can identify more
alternatives than individual)
 Increased acceptance of a solution (implementation part
becomes effective)

10. Disadvantages of group
decision making
 There are many potential disadvantages to
group decision-making. Groups are generally
slower to arrive at decisions than individuals,
so sometimes it is difficult to utilize them in
situations where decisions must be made
very quickly. Disadvantages are
 Time consuming
 Pressure to conform
 Minority Domination
 Ambiguous Responsibilty(Group members
share responsibility therefore no one member
takes the final responsibility)

11. SUMMARIZING
 Summarizing the whole presentation we
can say that Organizations are systems
for making decisions
&
Group decision making involves the
pooling of knowledge, abilities, skills,
informations and judgement which
contributes to improve the quality of the
decisions.
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