Transactional Analysis is one of the most accessible theories of modern psychology. Transactional Analysis was founded by Eric Berne, and the famous 'parent adult child' theory is still being developed today.

1. TRANSACTIONAL
ANALYSIS
Awareness

2. TA?
 Developed by Eric Berne psychotherapy in the
1950s.
Eric Berne (May 10, 1910 – July 15, 1970)

3. What is TA?
 A theory for analyzing human behavior and
communication.

4. Which means?
 Objective is to provide better understanding
(Awareness) of how people relate to one
another so that they may develop improved
communication and human relationship.

5. Key Concept – EGO STATES
 Ego states refers to the three major parts of an
individual personality and they each reflect an
entire system of thought, feeling and behavior.

6. Key Concept
 These determine how individuals express
themselves interact with each other and form
relationship.

7. EGO STATES
 People interact with each other in terms of
THREE psychological positions or behavioural
pattern, known as ego states.

8. The 3 Ego States
 Person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving
at any time.
Parent Ego State
Adult Ego State
Child Ego State

9. Parent Ego State
 Incorporates the attitude and behaviours of all
emotionally significant people who serve as
parent figure.

10. Parent Ego State
 There can be two types of parent ego states :
 Nurturing Parent Ego State
 Critical Parent Ego State
 Nurturing Parent ego state includes the
nurturing side and can be soft, loving, and
permission giving.
 The Critical Parent includes part of our
personality contains the prejudged thoughts,
feelings and beliefs that we learned from our
parents.

11. Adult Ego State
 The Adult ego state evokes behaviour that
could be described simply as logical,
reasonable, rationale and unemotional.

12. Adult Ego State
 Characterized by problem-solving analysis and
rationale decision-making.
 Identified by verbal and physical signs which
include thoughtful concentration and
discussion.

13. Child Ego State
 The child ego state is associated with
behaviours that appear when a person is
responding emotionally.

14. Child Ego State
 Characteristics of child ego include creativity,
conformity, depression, anxiety, dependence,
fear and hate.
 A person's child contains the 'natural' impulses
and attitudes learned from child experiences.

15. Child Ego State
 There are three parts of child ego:
 Natural
 Adaptive
 Rebellious

16. Natural – Adaptive – Rebellious
 The natural child is affectionate, impulsive,
sensuous and does what come naturally.
 The adaptive child is the trained one and he is
likely to do what parents insist on, and
sometimes learns to feel non ok.
 The rebellion child experiences anger, fear
and frustration.

17. Life Positions
 In the process of growing up, people make
basic assumptions about themselves and
others.

18. Relationship
 Four possible relationship resulted from this
life position.
 I am not OK, You are not OK (neither person have
value)
 I am not OK, You are OK (you have value but I do not
have)
 I am OK, You are not OK (I have value but you don't
have)
 I am OK, You are OK (we both have value)

19. I AM NOT OK, YOU'RE NOT
OK
 People tend to feel bad about themselves and
see that the whole world as miserable.
 Give up, do not trust other people and have no
confidence in themselves.

20. I AM NOT OK, YOU'RE OK
 People with this life position often come from
their child ego state. They feel that others are
more capable and generally have fewer
problems than they themselves do.

21. I AM OK, YOU'RE NOT OK
 This type of people often come their Critical
Parent ego state. They tend to be down on
other people for at least two reasons.

22. I AM OK, YOU'RE OK
 This life position is considered as healthy
position. People with these feelings express
confidence in themselves as well as trust and
confidence in other people in their
environment.

23. Strokes
 The units of interpersonal recognition, to
survive and thrive.
 Non verbal means of communication
 Whenever a human being does something to
recognize another human being, it is called a
stroke.
 Can be positive or negative - Can be
conditional or unconditional

24. Strokes
 Conditional strokes given for what we do or
what we accomplish or the trait what we
possess.
 Unconditional stroke are negative strokes.
They convey that we are not ok.

25. Thank you