Edexcel A Level Chinese Grammar (9CN0) V2021 国际中文考试精通级语法 sample
•
1 like•158 views
Edexcel A Level Chinese Grammar (9CN0) V2021 国际中文考试精通级语法- The latest and most complete reference for Expert Learner 最新、最完整语法参考 (424 Grammatical points, 4052 illustrations)-- New Book Launching, More details and Best Price @ https://bit.ly/3m1yGBC Designed to make language learning enjoyable and stimulating, Edexcel A level Chinese specification rewards advanced research and reading skills, and acknowledges the importance of Chinese language culture. By referring Edexcel A level Chines and HSK 1-6 (latest version 2021) Syllabus, we edited a series of Chinese Grammar for those who are studying Chinese or preparing international examinations, such as IB, SAT, AP, IGCSE, GCSE Chinese. This book gives students a quick revision for their coming exam! Combining our 26 years’ expertise in Teaching and editing our own materials, here is the “LIFE SAVING” book called by many students for their exams. Grab it! Thanks for your support for us creating better contents for you! #Edexcel_GCE_AS_Chinese, #Edexcel_A_level _Chinese, #A_level _Chinese, #AS_Chinese, #Edexcel, #A1_Chinese, #A2_Chinese, #ChineseGrammar, #pearson, #pearson_qualifications, #GCE_AS_ChineseGrammar, #GCE_中文语法, #A_level_汉语语法, #A_level_中文考试, #中文语法, #汉语语法, #汉语课程, #汉语词汇表, #阅读技巧, #国际中文教育, #中学会考中文, #A_level语法, #9CN0, #中学会考高级词汇 For Hardcopy or Paperback books at best price with reduced postage, please visit: Our Amazon Kindle Author Central page: http://bit.ly/david-amazon-kdp, using ISBN or ASIN to search the book, // Amazon KDP ISBN: 9798484663583; Amazon KDP Hard Cover ISBN: 9798484703135 Google book: GGKEY:7LKCXYHPN97 Apple Store Link: http://books.apple.com/us/book/id1587573690
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
More from LEGOO MANDARIN
More from LEGOO MANDARIN (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Edexcel A Level Chinese Grammar (9CN0) V2021 国际中文考试精通级语法 sample
- 3. 1 | P a g e E D E O & L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . ('(;&(/$/(9(/+,1(6(*5$00$51
- 7. 9(56,211(: 67$1'$5'6)25,17(51$7,21$/+,1(6(/$1*8$*( ('8$7,21 1 http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202103/t20210329_523304.html +6. -6 * * * * * *5 5 5 5 5 5 5$ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 0 0 $ $ $ $ $ $5 5 5 ( *5 5$ 5 5 0 $ $ 0 0 0 $7 0 0 , 7 7 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $/ 32,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 4 4 4 4 ,// / / 8 / / 67 6 6 5 5 7 7 7$ 5 5 7 $ $ ,2 7 7 16
- 8. - $203/(7( / / 5() ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ) ) 5( 5 5 1 ( ( ( ( ( () ) ) ( ( ( ( ( ( 2 2 25 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8568(6 ( ( 6 6 6 9 % % % % % % % % % % % % %$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 +6.9( 9 9 56,2167$ 7 7 57 5 5 )5 7 7 20-8/ / /
- 9. ≿䈣≪ ≪ ≪ ≪ ≪ ≪ ≪ ≪ ≪ᒩ ᒩ ᒩ ᒩ ᒩ ᒩ ᒩ㘹 㘹 㘹 㘹 㘹 㘹 㘹䈋 䈋 䈋 䈋 䈋 䈋 䈋 ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ⡾ ള ള ള ള ള ള ള ള ള䱻 䱻 䱻 䱻 䱻 䱻 䱻 䱻 䱻ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣ ѣᮽ ᮽ ᮽ ᮽ ᮽ ᮽ ᮽ ᮽ ᮽᮏ ᮏ ᮏ ᮏ ᮏ ᮏ ᮏ㛨 㛨 㛨 㛨 㛨 㛨 㛨 㛨 㛨ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ ㅿ㓝 㓝 㓝 㓝 㓝 㓝 㓝 㓝 㓝᯦ ᯦ ᯦ ᯦ ᯦ ᯦ ᯦ ᯦ḽ ḽ ḽ ḽ ḽ ḽ ḽ ḽ +6. . . +,1(6 ( ( ( 352),, ) ) (1 ( ( 7 ( 7 7 6 ( ( 7 6 6
- 11. 2 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . Contents Edexcel AS and A level Chinese (2017).............................................................................................................19 Edexcel AS Chinese.......................................................................................................................................19 Paper 1: Listening, reading and translation (**Paper code: 8CN0/01).......................................................20 Paper 2: Written response to works and translation (**Paper code: 8CN0/02)..........................................21 Paper 3: Speaking (**Paper code: 8CN0/03M/03C) ..................................................................................21 Edexcel A LEVEL Chinese...........................................................................................................................22 Paper 1: Listening, reading and translation (**Paper code: 9CN0/01))......................................................22 Paper 2: Written response to works and translation (**Paper code: 9CN0/02)..........................................23 Paper 3: Speaking (**Paper code: 9CN0/03M/03C) ..................................................................................23 Chinese Grammar Version 2021.........................................................................................................................24 HSK Version 2021 Preface.................................................................................................................................26 General Table of Vocabulary and Grammar.......................................................................................................31 Preface 1: No Grammar in Chinese Language?..................................................................................................32 About the Author: ...............................................................................................................................................34 Our Story ............................................................................................................................................................35 David Yao Amazon Kindle Author Central page ...............................................................................................36 Comparing with HSK Version 2009...................................................................................................................37 II. Test Levels.................................................................................................................................................37 I. Test Target ..................................................................................................................................................38 Comparing HSK Version 2009 with GCSE, IB, CEF ........................................................................................39 HSK Speaking Test (HSKK) ..............................................................................................................................40 Youth Chinese Test.............................................................................................................................................44 Business Chinese Test ........................................................................................................................................47 ॱᆜ≿䈣≪ᒩ㘹䈋 Medical Chinese Proficiency Test (MCT) .........................................................................50 Normative grammar level syllabus 㿺㤹ᙝ䈣⌋ㅿ㓝ཝ㓨.................................................................................54 䈃㊱ Cílèi Parts of speech...........................................................................................................................54 1 䈃 míngcí Noun .............................................................................................................................54 ᯯփ䈃 )ƗQJZqLPtQJFt/RFDWLRQQRXQV............................................................................................54 2 ࣞ䈃 dòngcí Verb....................................................................................................................................59 㜳ࣞ䈃 Néng yuàn dòngcí modal verbs .............................................................................................59 㜳ࣞ䈃 Auxiliary Verb to express wish..................................................................................................60 㜳ࣞ䈃φ䈛Ƚ ᓊ䈛 Wishful verbs: should, should...............................................................................61 Paper 2: Written response to works and translation (**Paper code: 9CN0/02)..........................................23 Paper 3: Speaking (**Paper code: 9CN0/03M/03C) ..................................................................................23 Chinese Grammar Version 2021......................................... .. .. .... .. .. .. .................. .... .. .. .. ..............................................................24 HSK Version 2021 Preface..................................... .. .. .. .... .. ................ .. .... .. ........ .. ................ .. .. .. ........................................................26 General Table of Vocabulary and Grammar... .... .. .. .. .................. .. .. .. .............. .. .. .. ................ .. .. .. ..........................................................31 Preface 1: No Grammar in Chinese Langu gu gu gu gu guag ag ag ag ag ag age?........... .. .. .............. .. .. .............. .. .. .... ...............................................................32 About the Author: .................................. .. .. .. .... .. .................................................. .. .. .............................................................34 Our Story ............................................. .. .. .. .................................................. .. .. .................................................................35 David Yao Amazon Kindle Author Cen en en en entral page ..... .. .. .. .......................... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ........ .... .. .. ..........................................................36 Comparing with HSK Version 2009....... .................................................. .. .. .. ..............................................................37 II. Test Levels........................................... .. .. .. .............................. .. .. .... .. ..........................................................................37 I. Test Target ..................................................................................................................................................38 Comparing HSK Vers rs rs rs rs rs rs rsio io io io io io io io ion n n n n n 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2009 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 w w w w w wit it it it it it it it it it ith h h h h h h h h h GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GCSE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE, , , IB IB IB IB IB IB IB IB IB IB, CE CE CE CE CE CE CE CEF F F F .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. ..............................39 HSK Speaking Test (H (H (H (H (H (H (HSK SK SK SK SK SK SK SKK) K) K) K) K) K) K) ..............................................................................................................................40 Youth Chinese Test.............................................................................................................................................44 Business Chinese se se se se T T T T T Tes est t t ....................................... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .................................................................................................47 ॱᆜ≿䈣≪ᒩ㘹䈋 㘹䈋 㘹䈋 㘹䈋 㘹䈋 㘹䈋 㘹䈋 㘹䈋 Me Me Me Me Me Medi di di di dica ca ca cal l l l l Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Chines es es es ese Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Prof of of of of of oficie ie ie ie ie ie ienc nc nc nc nc ncy Te Te Te Te Te Test st st st st ( ( ( ( ( (MC MC MC MC MC MCT) T) T) T) T) T) ... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. ...... .. ...... .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ..........................................50 Normative grammar level syllabus 㿺㤹ᙝ䈣⌋ㅿ㓝ཝ㓨.................................................................................54
- 12. 3 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . 㜳ࣞ䈃φᝅ Willing ...........................................................................................................................61 㜳ࣞ䈃φᮘ ............................................................................................................................................62 㜳ࣞ䈃φ䴶㾷 ........................................................................................................................................62 ࣞ䈃䠃ਖφVerb overlap AAȽ A ж AȽ A Ҽ AȽABABȽA A ȽAABBȽ ж A ж BȽ ᘳ A ᘳ B.............................................................................................................................................................63 㜳ࣞ䈃φᗍ must; have to......................................................................................................................66 ࣞᇴᕅ⿱ਾ䈃 Verb-Object: ......................................................................................................................67 ࣞ㺛ᕅ⿱ਾ䈃 Verb-complement ..............................................................................................................68 3 ԙ䈃 dàicí Pronouns...............................................................................................................................69 ⯇䰤ԙ䈃 Interrogative pronouns ཐȽཐቇȽଠȽଠѠȽଠ䠂ȽଠӑȽӶѾȽ䈷ȽᙄѾȽࠖ...........69 ⯇䰤ԙ䈃 Interrogative Pronouns ཐѻȽѰӶѾȽᙄѾṭȽᙄṭ ..........................................................72 ⯇䰤ԙ䈃Ⲻ䶔⯇䰤⭞⌋ Non-interrogative usage of interrogative pronouns............................................73 Ӱ〦ԙ䈃 UpQFKƝQJGjLFt3HUVRQDO3URQRXQV .........................................................................................75 Ӱ〦ԙ䈃φPersonal pronouns ࡡӰȽ ཝᇬȽ ᆹȽ ᆹԢȽ ૧Ƚ ૧ԢȽ 㠠ᐧ.....................................77 Ӱ〦ԙ䈃φ Personal pronouns Ӱᇬ.........................................................................................................80 ⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative Pronoun 䘏Ƚ䛙Ƚ䛙䠂Ƚ䛙ӑȽ䛙ѠȽࡡⲺȽᴿⲺ.....................................81 ⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative pronouns 䛙ѾȽ䛙ṭȽ 䘏ѾȽ 䘏ṭ.........................................................83 ⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative pronouns:φȽփȽ〃Ƚ∅ȽԱ .......................................................86 ⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative pronounsφᖲ↚Ƚ ྸ↚ ...................................................................................86 ⽰ԙ䈃φᵢȽ↚ ....................................................................................................................................87 4 ᖘᇯ䈃 Adjectives......................................................................................................................................89 5 ᮦ䈃 shù cí Numeral ...............................................................................................................................90 6 䠅䈃 liàngcí Classifier; Measure Word (MW)........................................................................................94 䠅䈃 Noun quantifier ᶥȽᵢȽѠȽᇬȽ䰪ȽਙȽඍȽ享..................................................................94 䠅䈃φ ቸ ሷ Ԭ ᶗ փ............................................................................................................................96 䠅䈃 Nominal quantifiers: ᣀȽ㺂ȽᷬȽ㗚ȽᶕȽਂȽਦȽᕖȽ᭥ȽਠȽ〃..................................98 䠅䈃: ᢉȽ㻁Ƚ䐕ȽভȽਥȽ.........................................................................................................105 䠅䈃 Nominal quantifiers .....................................................................................................................107 䠅䈃 Nominal quantifiers 但Ƚ ѨȽ ┪Ƚ ࢥȽ㛗Ƚ 䳼Ƚᷓ.............................................................111 ࣞ䠅䈃 Verbal quantifiers : 䚃 ⅗ ൰ ഔ с..............................................................................................115 ࣞ䠅䈃 Verbal quantifiers.........................................................................................................................117 ࣞ䠅䈃φ࠶Ƚ䪾 V knife; cut, needle; stitches ........................................................................................119 ࣞ䠅䈃 Verbal quantifiers ⮠Ƚ༦Ƚ䏕....................................................................................................120 ᰬ䠅䈃 Measure words of timeφ࠼䫕ȽᒪȽ ཟȽ ઞ...........................................................................121 3 ԙ䈃 dàicí Pronouns...............................................................................................................................69 ⯇䰤ԙ䈃 Interrogative pronouns ཐȽཐቇȽଠ ȽଠȽଠ ȽଠѠȽଠ䠂 ଠ䠂Ƚଠ ȽଠӑȽӶѾȽ䈷ȽᙄѾȽࠖ...........69 ⯇䰤ԙ䈃 Interrogative Pronouns ཐѻȽѰӶѾȽᙄ Ƚᙄ Ƚᙄ Ƚᙄ Ƚᙄ ȽᙄѾṭ Ѿṭ Ѿṭ Ѿṭ Ѿṭ ѾṭȽᙄ Ƚᙄ Ƚᙄ Ƚᙄ Ƚᙄ Ƚᙄ Ƚᙄṭ ṭ ṭ ṭ ṭ ṭ ..........................................................72 ⯇䰤ԙ䈃Ⲻ䶔⯇䰤⭞⌋ Non-interrogative us us us us usag ag age of int nt nt nt nter er er er er erro ro ro roga ga ga ga gative pro ro ro ro ronouns............................................73 Ӱ〦ԙ䈃 UpQFKƝQJGjLFt3HUVRQDO3URQ RQ RQ RQ RQ RQRXQV ....... .. .. .. .............. .. .. .. ................ .. .. .. ..........................................................75 Ӱ〦ԙ䈃φPersonal pronouns ࡡӰȽ ཝᇬȽ ᆹȽ ᆹȽ ᆹȽ ᆹȽ ᆹȽ ᆹȽ ᆹԢ ᆹԢ ᆹԢ ᆹԢ ᆹԢ ᆹԢ ᆹԢ ᆹԢȽ ૧Ƚ ૧Ƚ ૧Ƚ ૧Ƚ ૧Ƚ ૧Ƚ ૧ԢȽ 㠠ᐧ.....................................77 Ӱ〦ԙ䈃φ Personal pronouns Ӱᇬ Ӱᇬ Ӱᇬ Ӱᇬ Ӱᇬ Ӱᇬ................. .. ..........................................................................................80 ⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative Pronoun n n n n 䘏Ƚ䛙Ƚ䛙䠂Ƚ䛙ӑȽ䛙Ѡ 䛙Ѡ 䛙Ѡ 䛙Ѡ 䛙Ѡ 䛙ѠȽࡡ Ƚࡡ Ƚࡡ Ƚࡡ Ƚࡡ Ƚࡡ Ƚࡡ ȽࡡⲺȽᴿⲺ.....................................81 ⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative pron on on on onouns 䛙ѾȽ䛙 Ƚ䛙 Ƚ䛙 Ƚ䛙 Ƚ䛙ṭȽ ṭȽ ṭȽ 䘏Ѿ 䘏Ѿ 䘏Ѿ 䘏Ѿ 䘏Ѿ 䘏ѾȽ 䘏ṭ 䘏ṭ 䘏ṭ 䘏ṭ 䘏ṭ 䘏ṭ.........................................................83 ⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative pronouns ns ns ns ns:φȽփȽ փȽ փȽ փȽ փȽ փȽ փȽ փȽ〃Ƚ∅ Ƚ∅ Ƚ∅ Ƚ∅ Ƚ∅ Ƚ∅ Ƚ∅ȽԱ .......................................................86 ⽰ԙ䈃 Demonstrative pronouns ns nsφᖲ φᖲ φᖲ φᖲ↚Ƚ ྸ↚ ྸ↚ ................. .. .... .. .. ..................................................................86 ⽰ԙ䈃φᵢȽ↚ ..................................... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .....................................................................................87 4 ᖘᇯ䈃 Adjectiv iv iv iv ives es es es es es. . . . . . ... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .. .... ...... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... ...............................89 5 ᮦ䈃 shù cí N N N N Num um um um um um um um umer er er er er er er eral al al al al al al al . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. ................................90 6 䠅䈃 liàngcí Classifier; Measure Word (MW)........................................................................................94 䠅䈃 Noun un un un un un un q q q q qua ua ua ua uant nt nt nt nt ntif if if if if ifie ie ie ie ie ie ier r r r r ᶥȽ ᶥȽ ᶥȽ ᶥȽ ᶥȽ ᶥȽᵢȽ ᵢȽ ᵢȽ ᵢȽ ᵢȽ ᵢȽ ᵢȽ ᵢȽ ᵢȽѠȽ ѠȽ ѠȽ ѠȽ ѠȽ ѠȽ ѠȽ ѠȽᇬȽ ᇬȽ ᇬȽ ᇬȽ ᇬȽ ᇬȽ ᇬȽ ᇬȽ ᇬȽ䰪Ƚ 䰪Ƚ 䰪Ƚ 䰪Ƚ 䰪Ƚ 䰪Ƚ 䰪Ƚ 䰪ȽਙȽ ਙȽ ਙȽ ਙȽ ਙȽ ਙȽ ਙȽ ਙȽ ਙȽඍȽ ඍȽ ඍȽ ඍȽ ඍȽ ඍȽ享 享 享 享 享 享. . . . ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ...................94 䠅䈃φ 䈃φ ቸ ሷ ሷ ሷ ሷ Ԭ ᶗ փ........................ ......................................................................................................96 䠅䈃 Nomi mi mi mi mi mi mi mina na na na na na nal l l qu qu qu qu qu quan an an an anti ti ti ti ti tifi fi fi fi fi fi fier er er er er ers: s: s: s: s: ᣀȽ ᣀȽ ᣀȽ ᣀȽ ᣀȽ ᣀȽ ᣀȽ ᣀȽ ᣀȽ㺂Ƚ 㺂Ƚ 㺂Ƚ 㺂Ƚ 㺂Ƚ 㺂Ƚ 㺂Ƚ 㺂Ƚ 㺂ȽᷬȽ ᷬȽ ᷬȽ ᷬȽ ᷬȽ ᷬȽ ᷬȽ㗚Ƚ 㗚Ƚ 㗚Ƚ 㗚Ƚ 㗚Ƚ 㗚Ƚ 㗚ȽᶕȽ ᶕȽ ᶕȽ ᶕȽ ᶕȽ ᶕȽ ᶕȽਂȽ ਂȽ ਂȽ ਂȽ ਂȽ ਂȽ ਂȽ ਂȽਦȽ ਦȽ ਦȽ ਦȽ ਦȽ ਦȽ ਦȽᕖȽ ᕖȽ ᕖȽ ᕖȽ ᕖȽ ᕖȽ ᕖȽ ᕖȽ ᕖȽ ᕖȽ᭥Ƚ ᭥Ƚ ᭥Ƚ ᭥Ƚ ᭥Ƚ ᭥Ƚ ᭥Ƚ ᭥ȽਠȽ ਠȽ ਠȽ ਠȽ ਠȽ ਠȽ ਠȽ ਠȽ ਠȽ ਠȽ〃..................................98 䠅䈃: ᢉȽ㻁Ƚ䐕ȽভȽਥȽ.........................................................................................................105
- 13. 4 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . ٕ⭞䠅䈃 Borrowed measure words ...................................................................................................122 䠅䈃䠃ਖ Overlapping: AA......................................................................................................................123 7 ࢥ䈃 fùcí Adverb .................................................................................................................................124 ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Degree 䶔ᑮȽᖾȽའȽⵕȽᴶ...........................................................................124 ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of degree: ཐȽཐѾȽ ླȽ ᴪȽ ॷ࠼Ƚ ⢯ࡡȽᥰȽ ᴿδ ж ε⛯ݵ................125 ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of degree ∊䖹ȽᴪࣖȽ䘎 Ƚᖉ ..........................................................................128 ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of degree ṲཌȽᶷȽᶷެ .......................................................................................130 ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of degree 䗽ӄȽ ਥ ȽぃȽぃᗤȽቚެ .................................................................131 ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Degree ⢯Ƚ ᔸᑮ .................................................................................................132 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Range, synergy adverbs ታȽ ߶Ƚ ж喆Ƚ жੂ........................................................134 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Range, synergy adverbs 䜳ȽжඍݵȽж䎭...............................................................135 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Scope, synergy adverbs: ޞȽжާȽਠ......................................................................136 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Scope, synergy adverbs ݿȽӻȽӻӻȽቧȽ㠩ቇ...................................................137 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Scope, synergy adverbs ާ...........................................................................................139 㤹പࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Scope ཝ䜳 ............................................................................................................140 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 6KtMLƗQIFt$GYHUEVRIWLPH 傢рȽݾȽᴿᰬ/ᴿᰬُȽ൞Ƚ↙Ƚ↙൞ ..........................141 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time ࡐȽࡐࡐȽ䘎Ƚ ᘳ❬ȽжȽᐨ㔅..........................................................142 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time ᵢᶛȽ ᢃȽᴴ㔅ȽԄᶛȽ䎬㍝Ƚ䎬ᘡȽ ࡱȽ 䘔ᘏȽခ㓾Ƚ ᐨȽ ᰟᐨ ..................................................................................................................................................................146 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time: ᰬȽ ሼȽᙛᘏȽ ⑆⑆Ƚታᘡ............................................................150 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time уᰬȽ ሼȽ ሼ㾷Ƚ ԃᰝȽᰬᑮȽᰬࡱȽדᰝȽ жੇ ...........................153 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time ᰬᰬȽ жᰬȽ ᰟᲐ.....................................................................................155 仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ䈃 Frequency, Repetitive Adverbs ᑮȽ߃.......................................................................156 仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ䈃 Frequency, repetitive adverbs: 䙐ᑮȽᖶᖶȽᙱȽᙱᱥ ............................................157 仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ䈃 Frequency, repetitive adverbs 䠃᯦Ƚ㔅ᑮȽ㘷Ƚ㘷ᱥȽ৾......................................158 仇⦽Ƚ 䠃གྷࢥ䈃 Adverbs of frequency, repetition ж߃Ƚ ߃п...........................................................162 仇⦽Ƚ 䠃གྷࢥ䈃φڬቊȽ ߃⅗.............................................................................................................163 ީ㚊ࢥ䈃 Associative Adverb 䘎.............................................................................................................164 ީ㚊ࢥ䈃 Associated adverbs: ቧ ............................................................................................................164 ީ㚊ࢥ䈃φ߃ Associative adverb: again ................................................................................................165 ީ㚊ࢥ䈃φপ Associative adverb:..........................................................................................................166 ީ㚊ࢥ䈃 Associative adverb: .............................................................................................................166 ੜᇐࢥ䈃 )ԁXGuQJIFt1HJDWLYH$GYHUEV ࡡȽуȽ⋗Ƚ⋗ᴿ ..........................................................167 ੜᇐࢥ䈃φᵠᗻ Negative adverb ...........................................................................................................169 ぁᓜࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Degree ⢯Ƚ ᔸᑮ .................................................................................................132 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Range, synergy adverbs ታȽ ߶Ƚ ж喆Ƚ жੂ........................................................134 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Range, synergy adverbs 䜳Ƚжඍ жඍ жඍ жඍ жඍ жඍݵȽ ݵȽ ݵȽ ݵȽ ݵȽ ݵȽж䎭....... .. .. .. ..........................................................135 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Scope, synergy adverbs: ޞȽ ޞȽ ޞȽ ޞȽ ޞȽ ޞȽ ޞȽ ޞȽжާȽਠ Ƚਠ Ƚਠ Ƚਠ Ƚਠ Ƚਠ Ƚਠ... ................ .......................................................136 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Scope, synergy adverbs bs bs bs bs bs ݿȽӻȽ ӻȽ ӻȽ ӻȽ ӻȽ ӻȽӻӻȽቧ Ƚቧ Ƚቧ Ƚቧ Ƚቧ Ƚቧ ȽቧȽ㠩 Ƚ㠩 Ƚ㠩 Ƚ㠩 Ƚ㠩 Ƚ㠩ቇ ቇ ቇ ቇ ቇ ቇ...................................................137 㤹പȽঅੂࢥ䈃 Scope, synergy adv dv dv dv dv dver er er er erbs ާ................. .. .. .............. .. .. .. .... ..............................................................139 㤹പࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Scope ཝ䜳 . . . . ... .. .................................................. .. .. ...........................................................140 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 6KtMLƗQIFt$GYHUEV EV EV EV EV EVRIWLPH 傢рȽݾȽᴿᰬ/ᴿᰬ ᴿᰬ ᴿᰬ ᴿᰬ ᴿᰬ ᴿᰬُȽ൞Ƚ↙Ƚ↙൞ ..........................141 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time ࡐȽࡐࡐ ࡐࡐ ࡐࡐ ࡐࡐ ࡐࡐȽ䘎Ƚ ᘳ❬ ᘳ❬ ᘳ❬ ᘳ❬ ᘳ❬ ᘳ❬ȽжȽ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚᐨ㔅 ᐨ㔅 ᐨ㔅 ᐨ㔅 ᐨ㔅 ᐨ㔅 ᐨ㔅... .........................................................142 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time ᵢᶛȽ ᢃȽᴴ㔅ȽԄ ȽԄ ȽԄ ȽԄ ȽԄ ȽԄ ȽԄ ȽԄ ȽԄᶛȽ ᶛȽ ᶛȽ ᶛȽ ᶛȽ ᶛȽ䎬㍝ 䎬㍝ 䎬㍝ 䎬㍝ 䎬㍝ 䎬㍝ 䎬㍝Ƚ䎬ᘡȽ ᘡȽ ᘡȽ ᘡȽ ᘡȽ ᘡȽ ࡱȽ 䘔ᘏȽခ㓾Ƚ ᐨȽ ᰟᐨ ......................................................... .. ............................................ .... .. .. .. ...............................................................146 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of time: ᰬȽ Ƚ ሼ ሼ ሼ ሼ ሼ ሼȽᙛ Ƚᙛ Ƚᙛ Ƚᙛ Ƚᙛ ȽᙛᘏȽ ⑆⑆ ⑆⑆ ⑆⑆ ⑆⑆ ⑆⑆ ⑆⑆ ⑆⑆Ƚታ Ƚታ Ƚታ Ƚታ Ƚታ Ƚታᘡ ᘡ............................................................150 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adverb rb rb rb rbs s s of of of of of of t t t t tim im im im ime e e e e уᰬ уᰬ уᰬ уᰬ уᰬ уᰬ уᰬ уᰬȽ ሼȽ ሼ㾷 ሼ㾷 ሼ㾷 ሼ㾷 ሼ㾷 ሼ㾷 ሼ㾷Ƚ ԃᰝ ԃᰝ ԃᰝ ԃᰝ ԃᰝ ԃᰝ ԃᰝ ԃᰝȽᰬ Ƚᰬ Ƚᰬ Ƚᰬ Ƚᰬ ȽᰬᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽᰬࡱ ᰬࡱ ᰬࡱ ᰬࡱ ᰬࡱȽד Ƚד Ƚד Ƚד Ƚד Ƚד ȽדᰝȽ ᰝȽ ᰝȽ ᰝȽ ᰝȽ ᰝȽ ᰝȽ жੇ жੇ жੇ жੇ жੇ жੇ жੇ жੇ ...........................153 ᰬ䰪ࢥ䈃 Adve verb rb rb rb rb rb rb rb rbs s s s s s of of of of of of of of t t t t t t tim im im im im im im im ime e e e e e e ᰬᰬ ᰬᰬ ᰬᰬ ᰬᰬ ᰬᰬ ᰬᰬ ᰬᰬ ᰬᰬȽ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ жᰬ жᰬ жᰬ жᰬ жᰬ жᰬ жᰬ жᰬ жᰬ жᰬ жᰬȽ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ ᰟᲐ ᰟᲐ ᰟᲐ ᰟᲐ ᰟᲐ ᰟᲐ ᰟᲐ ᰟᲐ ᰟᲐ... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. ..............................155 仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ䈃 Frequency, Repetitive Adverbs ᑮȽ߃.......................................................................156 仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ䈃 䈃 䈃 䈃 䈃 Fr Fr Fr Fr Fr Freq eq eq eq eq eq eque ue ue ue ue uenc nc nc nc ncy, y, y, y, y, y, y, r r r r r rep ep ep ep ep epetit it it itiv iv iv iv iv iv ive e e e e e e ad ad ad ad ad adve ve ve ve ve ve verb rb rb rb rb rb rbs: s: s: s: s: s: 䙐ᑮ 䙐ᑮ 䙐ᑮ 䙐ᑮ 䙐ᑮ 䙐ᑮ 䙐ᑮ 䙐ᑮ 䙐ᑮȽᖶ Ƚᖶ Ƚᖶ Ƚᖶ Ƚᖶ ȽᖶᖶȽ ᖶȽ ᖶȽ ᖶȽ ᖶȽ ᖶȽ ᖶȽᙱȽ ᙱȽ ᙱȽ ᙱȽ ᙱȽ ᙱȽ ᙱȽ ᙱȽᙱᱥ ᙱᱥ ᙱᱥ ᙱᱥ ᙱᱥ ᙱᱥ ᙱᱥ . . . ... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .................157 仇⦽Ƚ䠃གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ གྷࢥ䈃 䈃 䈃 䈃 Frequency, repetit itiv ive ad ad ad ad ad ad ad adve ve ve ve verb rbs 䠃᯦ 䠃᯦ 䠃᯦ 䠃᯦ 䠃᯦ 䠃᯦ 䠃᯦ 䠃᯦ 䠃᯦Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅 Ƚ㔅ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ ᑮȽ㘷Ƚ 㘷Ƚ 㘷Ƚ 㘷Ƚ 㘷Ƚ 㘷Ƚ 㘷Ƚ 㘷Ƚ㘷ᱥ 㘷ᱥ 㘷ᱥ 㘷ᱥ 㘷ᱥ 㘷ᱥȽ৾ Ƚ৾ Ƚ৾......................................158 仇⦽Ƚ 䠃གྷ 䠃གྷ 䠃གྷ 䠃གྷ 䠃གྷ 䠃གྷ 䠃གྷ 䠃གྷࢥ䈃 ࢥ䈃 ࢥ䈃 ࢥ䈃 ࢥ䈃 ࢥ䈃 ࢥ䈃 Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Adve ve ve ve ve ve verb rb rb rb rb rb rb rbs of of of of of f f f f f fre re re re re re requ qu qu qu qu qu qu quen en en en en ency cy cy cy cy, , repeti ti ti ti ti titi ti ti ti ti ti tion on on on on on on ж߃ ж߃ ж߃ ж߃ ж߃ ж߃ ж߃ ж߃Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ ߃п ߃п ߃п ߃п ߃п ߃п ߃п ߃п ߃п ߃п ߃п. ... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... ........................................162 仇⦽Ƚ 䠃གྷࢥ䈃φڬቊȽ ߃⅗.............................................................................................................163
- 14. 5 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . ᯯᕅࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Manner ᭻ᝅ .........................................................................................................170 ᯯᕅࢥ䈃 Adverbs of manner ӈȽታ䠅ȽӨ㠠Ƚӈ......................................................................170 ᯯᕅࢥ䈃φڭڭ ......................................................................................................................................172 ᯯᕅࢥ䈃 Adverbs of way ⾷Ƚ䎬ᘏȽӨȽ⢯൦Ƚ⢯ᝅ ...................................................................172 ᘷࢥ䈃 Modal adverbs ᗻ亱ȽᐤуཐȽླ܅ȽжᇐȽҕ䇮.............................................................175 ᘷࢥ䈃 Adverbs of Modality ཝᾸȽᚆᙋ ...........................................................................................177 ᘷࢥ䈃 Modal adverbsφࠖ҄Ƚղ҄..................................................................................................178 ᘷࢥ䈃 Modal adverbs Ե֑.................................................................................................................179 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of tone ᢃȽ䜳ȽቧȽ↙ླ.......................................................................................180 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Modal adverbs ⲳȽ ᒬȽᖉ❬Ƚ ࡦᓋȽ ਃ↙Ƚ ṯᵢȽ ᷒❬Ƚ ㆶȽ 㔓ሯȽ 䳴䚉Ƚ ެ ᇔȽ ॹнȽ ⺤ᇔȽ ਠླȽ㓾ӄ............................................................................................................183 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Modal adverbs Ⲻ⺤Ƚਃ㙂Ƚ䘎Ƚㄕ❬Ƚガㄕ.....................................................................188 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Modal adverbs: ∋ㄕȽ уރȽ ᐤδ ж ε⛯ݵȽ وᱥȽ ᒨ㜼ȽቧȽቻ❬ȽਥȽ᱄᱄Ƚᙱ ㇍ ..............................................................................................................................................................190 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of tone ᢃȽࡐླȽ څȽᚦླ..................................................................................193 8 ԁ䈃 jiècí Preposition...........................................................................................................................196 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Bring out the time and place ԄȽ൞...........................................................................196 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪 Lead time ᖉȽᖉ. . .Ⲻᰬُ....................................................................................................196 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Bring out time and place ⭧Ƚ㠠ԄȽ .........................................................................197 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Leading time and place 㠠Ƚ .......................................................................................198 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Elicit time and place 䳅Ƚ....................................................................................199 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Elicit time and place ӄ................................................................................................200 ᕋ࠰ᯯੇȽ 䐥ᖺ Leading direction and path ᖶȽੇȽԄ.....................................................................200 ᕋ࠰ᯯੇȽ䐥ᖺ Leading direction, path ᵓȽ........................................................................................205 ᕋ࠰ᯯੇȽ䐥ᖺ Leading direction, path ⋵............................................................................................205 ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Bring out Objects 䐕ȽૂȽ∊ ................................................................................................206 ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Leading objects ሯȽ㔏Ƚ⿱ ...................................................................................................207 ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Leading object ѰȽੇ.............................................................................................................212 ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Leading object ሯӄȽީӄ Ƚᴵ.........................................................................................215 ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Lead object ੂȽ㠩ӄ..............................................................................................................216 ᕋ࠰ⴤⲺȽഖ Lead purpose and reason Ѱ.........................................................................................218 ᕋ࠰ⴤⲺȽ ഖ Indicating the purpose and reason ⭧ӄȽѰҼȽഖѰ..............................................219 ᕋ࠰ⴤⲺȽഖ Elicit the purpose and reason ഖ...................................................................................220 ᕋ࠰᯳ӁȽ Ӂ Indicating the agent and recipient ᣀȽ㻡ȽਡȽ䇟...................................................221 ᕋ࠰᯳ӁȽ Ӂ Elicit agent and recipient ሼȽ⭧................................................................................222 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of tone ᢃȽ䜳ȽቧȽ↙ླ.......................................................................................180 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Modal adverbs ⲳȽ ᒬȽᖉ❬Ƚ ࡦᓋȽ Ƚ ਃ↙Ƚ ṯᵢȽ ᷒❬Ƚ ㆶȽ 㔓ሯȽ 䳴䚉Ƚ ެ ᇔȽ ॹнȽ ⺤ᇔȽ ਠླȽ㓾ӄ............................. .. .... .. .. .................... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...........................................................183 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Modal adverbs Ⲻ⺤Ƚਃ㙂Ƚ䘎Ƚㄕ❬ ㄕ❬ ㄕ❬ ㄕ❬ ㄕ❬ ㄕ❬Ƚガ Ƚガ Ƚガ Ƚガ Ƚガ Ƚガㄕ ㄕ ㄕ ㄕ ㄕ ㄕ ㄕ... .. ................ .. .. .. ......................................................188 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Modal adverbs: ∋ㄕȽ уރȽ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ ᐤδ ж ε⛯ ε⛯ ε⛯ ε⛯ ε⛯ ε⛯ݵȽ ݵȽ ݵȽ ݵȽ ݵȽ ݵȽ وᱥȽ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ ᒨ㜼ȽቧȽቻ❬ȽਥȽ᱄᱄Ƚᙱ ㇍ ......................................................... .. .. .. .. .................... .. .. .............. .. .. ................ .. .. .. ...........................................................190 䈣≊ࢥ䈃 Adverbs of tone ᢃȽࡐླ ࡐླ ࡐླ ࡐླ ࡐླ ࡐླ ࡐླȽ څȽᚦླ ᚦླ ᚦླ ᚦླ ᚦླ ᚦླ....... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .....................................................................193 8 ԁ䈃 jiècí Preposition................ .. .. .. .................................................... .. .. .. ...........................................................196 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Bring out the ti ti ti ti time and place ԄȽ൞.......... .. .. .. ...................................................................196 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪 Lead time ᖉȽᖉ. . .Ⲻᰬ Ⲻᰬ Ⲻᰬ Ⲻᰬ Ⲻᰬ Ⲻᰬُ............. .. .. .. .. ...................... .. .............. .. .. .. .........................................................196 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Bring out time a a a and nd nd nd nd place ⭧Ƚ㠠Ԅ 㠠Ԅ 㠠Ԅ 㠠Ԅ 㠠Ԅ 㠠ԄȽ ............. .. .. ..............................................................197 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Leading time and pla la la la lace ce ce ce ce 㠠Ƚ ........... .. .. .... .. .. .. ............................................................................198 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ Elicit time and place 䳅Ƚ....................................................................................199 ᕋ࠰ᰬ䰪Ƚ༺ᡶ ᡶ ᡶ ᡶ ᡶ ᡶ ᡶ ᡶ ᡶ ᡶ El El El El El Elic ic icit it it it it it t t t t t t t tim im im im im ime and d d d pl pl pl pl pl pl pl pl pl pl place e e ӄ ӄ ӄ ӄ ӄ ӄ ӄ ӄ ӄ ӄ......... .. .. .. .......... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... ........ .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .............. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ...............................200 ᕋ࠰ᯯੇȽ 䐥ᖺ Leading direction and path ᖶȽੇȽԄ.....................................................................200 ᕋ࠰ ᕋ࠰ᯯੇ ᯯੇȽ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥ᖺ Le Le Le Le Le Lead ad ad adin in in ing g g g g di di di di dire re re re re rect ct ct ct ction, n, n, p p p pat at at ath h h h ᵓȽ ᵓȽ ᵓȽ ᵓȽ ᵓȽ ᵓȽ..... .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. ...... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. ...................................205 ᕋ࠰ᯯੇȽ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥 Ƚ䐥ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ Le Le Le Le Le Lead ad ad ad ad adin in in in in ing g g g di di di di dire re re rect ct ct ct ct ction, n, n, n, p p p p pat at at at at ath h h h h h ⋵ ⋵ ⋵ ⋵ ⋵ ⋵ ⋵ ⋵ ⋵ ⋵............................................................................................205 ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Br Br Br Br Br Br Brin in in in in ing g ou ou ou ou ou out t t t t Ob Ob Ob Ob Obje je je je je je je ject ct ct ct cts 䐕Ƚ 䐕Ƚ 䐕Ƚ 䐕Ƚ 䐕Ƚ 䐕ȽૂȽ ૂȽ ૂȽ ૂȽ ૂȽ ૂȽ ૂȽ ૂȽ ૂȽ∊ ∊ ∊ ∊ ∊ ∊ ∊ ∊ ......... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .........................................206 ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Leading objects ሯȽ㔏Ƚ⿱ ...................................................................................................207 ᕋ࠰ሯ䊗 Leadin obje ѰȽੇ 2 2 212 12 12
- 15. 6 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . 㺞⽰ᧈ䲚 Express exclusion 䲚Ҽ............................................................................................................223 㺞⽰ᧈ䲚 Means exclusion 䲚 .............................................................................................................224 ᕋ࠰ٕࠣȽᦤד Derives the basis Ƚ ➝.........................................................................................225 ᕋ࠰ٕࠣȽᦤד Derives the basis ṯᦤȽ֒Ѱ......................................................................................226 ᕋ࠰ٕࠣȽᦤד Derives the basis ࠣȽᦤדȽ➝ד..............................................................................227 ᕋ࠰ٕࠣȽᦤד Derives the basis ᦤ......................................................................................................228 9 䘔䈃 liáncí Conjunction........................................................................................................................230 㺞⽰㚊ਾީ㌱ Indicates a joint relationship 䐕Ƚ䘎ᱥȽᡌ㘻Ƚૂ........................................................230 䘔䈃ᡌ⸣䈣φConnective words or phrases ᡌȽᡌ㘻........................................................................231 䘔䈃ᡌ䈃㓺 Connective words or phrases: ᒬȽԛ .........................................................................232 䘔䈃ᡌ䈃㓺φ㙂ȽੂȽф...................................................................................................................232 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connective clauses or sentences у䗽ȽռȽռᱥȽ㙂ъȽ䛙Ƚྸ᷒Ƚ㲳❬Ƚਠ㾷 ..................................................................................................................................................................234 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connective clauses or sentences ᒬъȽ уݿȽ уӻȽ ਜཌȽ 㾷ᱥȽ ഖ↚Ƚ ⭧ ӄȽਠᴿ ..................................................................................................................................................235 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connecting clauses or sentences ↚ཌȽ㙂Ƚ㙂ᱥȽᰘ❬Ƚਥ㿷Ƚ⭐㠩ȽྸٽȽᙱҁ ..................................................................................................................................................................236 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connective clauses or sentencesφԄ㙂ȽࣖрȽᇂҼȽжᰜ...................................237 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connective clauses or sentencesφуᯏȽਥȽ㤛 ......................................................238 10 ࣟ䈃 Zhùcí Particle...........................................................................................................................241 㔉ᶺࣟ䈃 Structural particles ⲺȽ൦Ƚᗍ...............................................................................................241 㔉ᶺࣟ䈃φᗍ Dé Structural particle ....................................................................................................242 㔉ᶺࣟ䈃φᡶ ..........................................................................................................................................242 ࣞᘷࣟ䈃 Dynamic particleφ 䗽.............................................................................................................243 ࣞᘷࣟ䈃 Dynamic: ҼȽȽ.................................................................................................................244 ࣞᘷࣟ䈃φ Dynamic particle..............................................................................................................244 䈣≊ࣟ䈃 Modal particlesφȽҼȽ੍Ƚઘ.........................................................................................245 䈣≊ࣟ䈃 Modal particlesφ ȽȽⲺ................................................................................................247 䈣≊ࣟ䈃φModal particles 㖘ҼȽஜȽ.............................................................................................248 ެԌࣟ䈃φOther auxiliary words Ⲻ䈓Ƚㅿ...........................................................................................250 ެԌࣟ䈃 Other auxiliary words ղⲺ......................................................................................................251 ެԌࣟ䈃 Other auxiliary wordsφҕླ...................................................................................................252 11 ਯ䈃 Interjection ஸȽ........................................................................................................................253 12 ᤕ༦䈃 Onomatopoeiaφ૾૾ ...............................................................................................................254 䈣㍖ Yԃsù Morphemes ..........................................................................................................................255 䘔䈃ᡌ⸣䈣φConnective words or phrases ᡌȽᡌ㘻........................................................................231 䘔䈃ᡌ䈃㓺 Connective words or phrases: ᒬȽԛ .........................................................................232 䘔䈃ᡌ䈃㓺φ㙂ȽੂȽф.................................. .. .. .. .......................... .... .. .. .. .........................................................232 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connective clauses or sent nt nt nten en en en ences у䗽 у䗽 у䗽 у䗽 у䗽 у䗽 у䗽Ƚռ Ƚռ Ƚռ Ƚռ Ƚռ Ƚռ ȽռȽռᱥȽ ᱥȽ ᱥȽ ᱥȽ ᱥȽ ᱥȽ㙂ъȽ䛙Ƚྸ᷒Ƚ㲳❬Ƚਠ㾷 ................................................................... .. .................. .. .. .. ............ .. .................. .. .. .. .......................................................234 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connective clauses o o o o o or sentence ce ce ces s s s s ᒬъȽ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ уݿȽ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ уӻȽ ਜཌȽ 㾷ᱥȽ ഖ↚Ƚ ⭧ ӄȽਠᴿ ......................................... .. .. .................... .. .. .... .. .. .. ............ .. .. .. ........ .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .....................................................................235 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connecting claus us us us uses or sentences ↚ཌȽ㙂Ƚ㙂 Ƚ㙂 Ƚ㙂 Ƚ㙂ᱥȽ ᱥȽ ᱥȽ ᱥȽ ᱥȽᰘ❬Ƚਥ㿷Ƚ⭐㠩ȽྸٽȽᙱҁ ..................................................... .. .. .. .................................................. .. .. ...............................................................236 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connective cla la laus uses or sentenc nc nc nc ncesφԄ φԄ φԄ㙂Ƚ 㙂Ƚ 㙂Ƚ 㙂Ƚ 㙂Ƚ 㙂Ƚࣖр ࣖр ࣖр ࣖр ࣖр ࣖр ࣖрȽᇂ Ƚᇂ Ƚᇂ Ƚᇂ Ƚᇂ ȽᇂҼȽжᰜ...................................237 䘔࠼ਛᡌਛᆆ Connective claus us us us uses or sentence ce ce ce ce ce ce ces s s s sφу φу φу φу φу φуᯏȽ ᯏȽ ᯏȽ ᯏȽ ᯏȽ ᯏȽ ᯏȽਥȽ㤛 㤛 㤛 㤛 㤛 㤛 ......................................................238 10 ࣟ䈃 Zhùcí Particle..................... .. .. .. .................................... .. .. .. .... .. .. ....................................................................241 㔉ᶺࣟ䈃 Structural particles ⲺȽ൦Ƚᗍ ᗍ ᗍ ᗍ ᗍ ᗍ...............................................................................................241 㔉ᶺࣟ䈃φᗍ Dé Dé Dé Dé Dé Dé Dé Dé Dé St St St St St St St Stru ru ru ru ru ru ru ru ru ruct ct ct ct ct ct ctur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ural al al al al al al al al al al p p p p par ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar ar arti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ticl cl cl cl cl cl cl cl cl cl cle e e e e e e . . ... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .............................242 㔉ᶺࣟ䈃φᡶ ................... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. ........................ .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ...................................................................242 ࣞᘷࣟ䈃 Dynamic particleφ 䗽.............................................................................................................243 ࣞᘷࣟ䈃 Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Dy Dyna na na na na nami mi mi mi mic: c: c: c: c: c: ҼȽ ҼȽ ҼȽ ҼȽ ҼȽ ҼȽ ҼȽ ҼȽ ҼȽȽ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ Ƚ....... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... ...... .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ................244 ࣞᘷࣟ䈃φ φ φ φ φ φ φ Dy Dy Dy Dy Dyna na na na nami mi mi mi mic c pa pa pa pa pa partic ic ic ic icle... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. ................................ .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .............. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. ...........................................244 䈣≊ࣟ䈃 Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Moda da da da da da dal l l l partic ic ic icles s s sφ φ φ φ φ φ φȽҼ ȽҼ ȽҼ ȽҼ ȽҼ ȽҼ ȽҼ ȽҼ ȽҼ ȽҼȽ੍ Ƚ੍ Ƚ੍ Ƚ੍ Ƚ੍ Ƚ੍ Ƚ੍ Ƚ੍ Ƚ੍Ƚઘ Ƚઘ Ƚઘ Ƚઘ.........................................................................................245 䈣≊ࣟ䈃 Modal particlesφ ȽȽⲺ................................................................................................247
- 16. 7 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . ࢃ㔶 Prefix ㅢЊȽ㘷ЊȽቅЊ..........................................................................................................255 ㅢЊȽ㘷ЊȽቅЊ ..................................................................................................................................255 㔶 Suffix ЊݵȽЊᇬȽЊԢȽЊཪȽЊᆆ..................................................................................255 ЊݵȽЊᇬȽЊԢȽЊཪȽЊᆆ...........................................................................................................256 More phrase with suffix “ᆆ” from HSK Vocabulary Version 2021........................................................258 ㊱ࢃ㔶 Class prefix 䎻ЊȽཐЊȽਃЊȽᰖЊȽӐЊȽЊ..............................................................266 ㊱㔶 Class suffix ЊौȽЊᕅȽЊශȽЊᙝȽ.................................................................................268 ⸣䈣 duӽnyԃ Phrase .....................................................................................................................................270 ᮦ䠅⸣䈣 VKOLjQJGXӽQԃ4XDQWLWSKUDVH...........................................................................................270 㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Structure type..........................................................................................................................270 ะᵢ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Basic structure type..........................................................................................................270 ެԌ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Other structure types ........................................................................................................273 㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Structure Type.............................................................................................................................274 ެԌ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ 2 Other structure type 2....................................................................................................274 ᮦ䠅䠃ਖ Number overlap .......................................................................................................................276 㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Structure type ..............................................................................................................................277 ᮦ䈃ηᖘᇯ䈃η䠅䈃 ..............................................................................................................................277 ࣕ㜳㊱ශ *ǀQJQpQJOqL[tQ)XQFWLRQWSH+6.9*..........................................................278 䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Noun phrase.........................................................................................................................278 ࣞ䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Verb phrase..........................................................................................................................278 ᖘᇯ䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Adjective phrases.............................................................................................................279 രᇐ⸣䈣 Fixed phrase ................................................................................................................................279 ެԌ Other ...........................................................................................................................................279 രᇐ⸣䈣 Fixed phrase ................................................................................................................................280 ᆍṲ Four-character Fixed pattern........................................................................................................281 ެԌ other ............................................................................................................................................281 ᆍṲ..........................................................................................................................................................284 ཝ A ཝ B..................................................................................................................................................284 ж A ж B..................................................................................................................................................284 ᆍṲ Four-character phrase......................................................................................................................284 ެԌ other .............................................................................................................................................287 ⵁᶛ it seems (or appears) ........................................................................................................................287 ᶛᗍ / ᶛу have time to / too late to do...........................................................................................287 䈪уᇐ perhaps; maybe ............................................................................................................................288 ᮦ䠅⸣䈣 VKOLjQJGXӽQԃ4XDQWLWSKUDVH...........................................................................................270 㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Structure type..........................................................................................................................270 ะᵢ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Basic structure type....................... .. .............................. .. .. .........................................................270 ެԌ ެԌ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Other structure types ........... .. .. .... ................ .. ............ .. .. ................ .. .......................................................273 㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Structure Type........................... .. .. .................. .. .. .............. .. .. ................ .. .. .... ........................................................274 ެԌ㔉ᶺ㊱ශ 2 Other structure type pe pe pe pe pe pe 2............... .. .. ............ .. ............ .. .... .. .. .. .................................................................274 ᮦ䠅䠃ਖ Number overlap ............. .. .. .. .................................................... .. .. ..........................................................276 㔉ᶺ㊱ශ Structure type ................. .. .. .. ................................................ .. .... .. ...............................................................277 ᮦ䈃ηᖘᇯ䈃η䠅䈃 ................. .. .. .. ........................ .. .. .. .......................... .. .. .. .. .......... .. .. .........................................................277 ࣕ㜳㊱ශ *ǀQJQpQJOqL[tQ)XQF QF QF QF QF QFWL WL WL WL WL WLRQWSH+6. 9 9 9 9 9 9 * ..........................................................278 䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Noun phrase................... .. .. .... .. ................................ .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ......................................................................278 ࣞ䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Verb phrase..........................................................................................................................278 ᖘᇯ䈃ᙝ⸣䈣 Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Adje je je je je je ject ct ctiv iv iv iv iv iv iv iv iv iv ive e e e e e e ph ph ph ph ph ph phra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra ra rase se se se se ses s s s s. ... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. ...... .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. ............................279 രᇐ⸣䈣 Fixed ph ph ph ph ph ph phra ra rase se se se se se se ................................................................................................................................279 ެԌ Other ...........................................................................................................................................279 രᇐ⸣䈣 Fixe xe xe xe xe xe xed d d d d ph ph ph ph ph phra ra ra ra ra rase se se se se . ... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .......... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .................280 ᆍ ᆍṲ Four ur ur ur ur-ch ch ch ch ch charac ac ac ac acter r r r r Fi Fi Fi Fi Fi Fi Fi Fixe xe xe xe xe xed pa pa pa pa patter er er er er er ern n n n n n n n. . . . ..... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. ........ .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .............. .. .................................................281 ެԌ other ............................................................................................................................................281 ᆍṲ..........................................................................................................................................................284
- 17. 8 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . ж㡢ᶛ䈪 generally speaking ...................................................................................................................289 ެԌ..............................................................................................................................................................290 уᗍҼ ......................................................................................................................................................290 уᮘᖉ ......................................................................................................................................................291 ᗍҼ ..........................................................................................................................................................291 ⭞у ......................................................................................................................................................292 രᇐ⸣䈣 Fixed phrase ................................................................................................................................292 ᆍṲ..........................................................................................................................................................292 ᡌ A ᡌ B..................................................................................................................................................292 ᰖ A ᰖ B..................................................................................................................................................293 A 䘏 A 䛙..................................................................................................................................................293 ᐜ A B..................................................................................................................................................294 ެԌ other ............................................................................................................................................294 уᙄѾ ......................................................................................................................................................294 ླδуεᇯ᱉ ..........................................................................................................................................295 䛙وδҕεᱥ ..........................................................................................................................................297 ቧᱥ䈪 / 䘏ቧᱥ䈪 ...................................................................................................................................298 ㇍Ҽ ..........................................................................................................................................................300 രᇐṲᕅ Fixed Pattern....................................................................................................................................301 䘎ᱥ…… ..............................................................................................................................................301 ৾... ... ৾... ... ...........................................................................................................................................301 δ൞ε... ... ԛࢃ/ԛ/ࢃ/...................................................................................................................302 രᇐṲᕅ 2 fixed format 2 ...........................................................................................................................303 䲚Ҽ…… δԛཌεθ ……䘎λҕλ䜳…….........................................................................................303 Ԅ……䎭 ..................................................................................................................................................303 ሯ……ᶛ䈪 ..............................................................................................................................................304 ж……ҕ / 䜳ηу / ⋗…… ....................................................................................................................304 䏀……䏀.…… .........................................................................................................................................305 жη䠅䈃η∊ηжη䠅䈃.......................................................................................................................305 δ㠠εԛᶛ (…ԛᶛ)...............................................................................................................................306 ⭧……㓺ᡆ composed of.........................................................................................................................306 ൞……ᯯ䶘 In terms of............................................................................................................................307 ൞……р / ѣ / с On/in/under................................................................................................................308 രᇐṲᕅ Fixed format ........................................................................................................................308 ᡌ A ᡌ B..................................................................................................................................................292 ᰖ A ᰖ B..................................................................................................................................................293 A 䘏 A 䛙................................................................. .. .. .. .......................... .... .. .. .. .........................................................293 ᐜ A B....................................................... .. .. .................. .. .. .. .......... ................ .......................................................294 ެԌ other ......................................... .... .. .. .. .................. .. .. .............. .. .. ................ .. .. .........................................................294 уᙄѾ ............................................... .. .. .. .. .................... .. .. .. .............. .. .............. .. .. .. ...............................................................294 ླδуεᇯ᱉ ............................... .. .. .. .... .. .................................................. .. .. ...........................................................295 䛙وδҕεᱥ ............................. .. .. .. .................................................. .. .. ...............................................................297 ቧᱥ䈪 / 䘏ቧᱥ䈪 ..................... .. ........................ .. .. ............................ .. .. .... .. .. .. ........ ........................................................298 ㇍Ҽ ............................................. .... .. ........................ .. .. .... .. ........ .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .................... .. .. ...........................................................300 രᇐṲᕅ Fixed Pattern............................. .. .. ...................................... .. .. .. .... .. .. ...................................................................301 䘎ᱥ…… ..............................................................................................................................................301 ৾... ... ৾... ... .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... ...... .. .. .. .... ...... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .............................301 δ൞ε... ... ԛࢃ ԛࢃ ԛࢃ ԛࢃ ԛࢃ ԛࢃ ԛࢃ/ԛ ԛ ԛ ԛ ԛ ԛ ԛ ԛ ԛ/ / / / / / / /ࢃ ࢃ ࢃ ࢃ ࢃ ࢃ ࢃ ࢃ ࢃ ࢃ/ / / / / ...................................................................................................................302 രᇐṲᕅ 2 fixed format 2 ...........................................................................................................................303 䲚Ҽ…… δԛ δԛ δԛ δԛ δԛ δԛ δԛ δԛ δԛ δԛཌε ཌε ཌε ཌε ཌε ཌε ཌεθ θ θ θ θ … … … … …… … … …䘎λ 䘎λ 䘎λ 䘎λ 䘎λ 䘎λ 䘎λ 䘎λҕλ ҕλ ҕλ ҕλ ҕλ ҕλ ҕλ ҕλ ҕλ ҕλ䜳 䜳 䜳 䜳 䜳 䜳 䜳 䜳 䜳…… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……. . . . . . ... .... .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... ...... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ................303 Ԅ……䎭 ... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .......... .. .. .. ........ .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ........ .. .. .... .. .. .. ........ .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. ........ .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .............. .. .................................................303 ሯ……ᶛ䈪 ᶛ䈪 ᶛ䈪 ..............................................................................................................................................304 ж ҕ / 䜳ηу / ⋗ ....................................................................................................................304
- 18. 13 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . 䘿གྷਛ Select compound sentence...................................................................................................394 уᱥ……θቧᱥ…… ..............................................................................................................................394 䘿གྷਛ Select complex sentence..............................................................................................................395 ᡌ㘻……θᡌ㘻…… ..............................................................................................................................395 䘿གྷਛ Select complex sentence..............................................................................................................396 ᡌᱥ... ...θ ᡌᱥ... ... ...............................................................................................................................396 䘿གྷਛ Select complex sentence .........................................................................................................396 ... ...θ㾷Ѿ... ... ........................................................................................................................................397 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Transition complex sentence.......................................................................................................398 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Turning compound sentence........................................................................................................399 ……X ᱥ X, ቧᱥ / у䗽…......................................................................................................................399 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Transition complex sentence.......................................................................................................399 ……θ❬㙂…… ......................................................................................................................................400 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Transition complex sentence.......................................................................................................400 ታ㇗... ...θ ռᱥ / ਥᱥ ... ... ...................................................................................................................400 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Transition complex sentence.......................................................................................................401 㲳... ...θ ռ / ਥ / প / ҕ... .....................................................................................................................401 ٽ䇴གྷਛ Supposition complex sentences...................................................................................................402 ٽ䇴གྷਛ Hypothetical complex sentence ...........................................................................................403 㾷ᱥ……θቧ….. ....................................................................................................................................403 ᶗԬགྷਛφਠ㾷……θቧ…… Conditional compound sentence: .........................................................404 ٽ䇴གྷਛ Hypothetical complex sentence...................................................................................................405 ...... ੜࡏ...... .............................................................................................................................................405 ྸٽ......, (ቧε.........................................................................................................................................406 нж......,δቧε...... .................................................................................................................................406 ٽ䇴གྷਛ Hypothetical complex sentence...................................................................................................407 жᰜ... ...θቧ... ... ....................................................................................................................................407 㾷ᱥ... ...θδቧε... ...θੜࡏ... .............................................................................................................408 ٽ䇴གྷਛ Hypothetical complex sentence ...............................................................................................408 ... ...θ㾷у❬ / у❬... ... ... ..., ...........................................................................................................409 ᶗԬགྷਛ Conditional complex sentences ...................................................................................................410 ਠᴿ... ...θᢃ... ... ....................................................................................................................................410 ᶗԬགྷਛ Conditional complex sentence.....................................................................................................410 䲚䶔... ...θᢃ... ... ....................................................................................................................................410 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Transition complex sentence.......................................................................................................398 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Turning compound sentence........................................................................................................399 ……X ᱥ X, ቧᱥ / у䗽….................................... .. .. .. .... .......................... .. .. .. ..........................................................399 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Transition complex sentence........... .. .. .... .. ................ .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .......... ................ ......................................................399 ……θ❬㙂…… ................................... .... .. .. .. .................. .. .. .............. .. .. ................ .. .. .........................................................400 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Transition complex sentence e e e............................. .. .. .............. .. .. .. .... ..............................................................400 ታ㇗... ...θ ռᱥ / ਥᱥ ... ... ......... .. .. .. .................................................. .... ..........................................................400 䖢ᣎགྷਛ Transition complex sente te te te tenc nc nc nc nce........................................... .. .. ..............................................................401 㲳... ...θ ռ / ਥ / প / ҕ ҕ... ....... .. ........................ .. .. ............................ .. .. .... .. .. .. ........ ........................................................401 ٽ䇴གྷਛ Supposition complex sen en en en ente te te te tences............... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .................... .. ..........................................................402 ٽ䇴གྷਛ Hypothetical complex s s s s sen en en entence ........................ .. .. .. .... .. .. ...................................................................403 㾷ᱥ……θቧ….. ....................................................................................................................................403 ᶗԬགྷਛφਠ㾷 㾷 㾷 㾷 㾷 㾷 㾷 㾷 㾷…… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……θቧ θቧ θቧ θቧ θቧ θቧ θቧ θቧ θቧ θቧ θቧ θቧ…… …… …… …… …… …… …… …… …… …… …… C C C C C C C C C Con on on on on on on on on on ondi di di di di di di di di diti ti ti ti ti ti ti tion on on on on on on on on on on onal al al al al al al al c c c c c c com om om om om ompo po po po po poun un un un un un un un un und d d d d d d d se se se se se se se se se se se sent nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nten en en en en en en ence ce ce ce ce ce ce ce: .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .............................404 ٽ䇴གྷਛ Hypothe he he he he he heti ti ti ti ti tica ca ca ca ca ca ca cal l l l l l l co co co co co co co co co comp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mple le le le le le le lex x x x x x x se se se se se sent nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nten en en en en en en en en ence ce ce ce ce ce ce ce ce ce ce....... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ........................ .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................405 ...... ੜࡏ...... .............................................................................................................................................405 ྸٽ......, (ቧε ቧε ቧε ቧε ቧε ቧε ቧε ቧε.... .. .. .... .. .. ....... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. ........ .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .......... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... ...... .. .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ................406 нж......,δቧ δቧ δቧ δቧ δቧ δቧ δቧε ε ε ε.... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ... .. .... .... .... .. .. .. ........ .. .. ........ .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .............................. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ............ .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. ............................................406 ٽ䇴གྷਛ Hypo po po po po poth th th th th th thet et et etic ic ic ic ic ical al al al al c com om om om om ompl pl pl pl plex ex ex ex ex sen en en en en ente te tenc nc nc nc nc nce e e...................................................................................................407 жᰜ... ...θቧ θቧ... ... ....................................................................................................................................407
- 19. 23 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . Paper 2: Written response to works and translation (**Paper code: 9CN0/02) Written examination: 2 hours and 40 minutes 30% of the qualification 120 marks Content overview This paper requires students to translate a previously unseen passage from English into Chinese. This paper also draws on the study of two discrete Chinese works: either two literary texts, or one literary text and one film. The works must be taken from the list provided in Appendix 2: Prescribed literary texts and films. The literary texts listed include novels and short stories. All of the films are feature length. Paper 3: Speaking (**Paper code: 9CN0/03M/03C) Internally conducted and externally assessed Total assessment time: between 21 and 23 minutes, which includes a single period of 5 minutes’ formal preparation time 30% of the qualification 72 marks Content overview Task 1 draws on vocabulary and structures across all four themes (listed on pages 9-10). Task 2 is based on independent research selected and carried out by the student. The research may be based on one of the themes or on the student’s own subject of interest related to the society and culture of the Chinese-speaking world. Students will be assessed on their ability to use a range of language accurately, communicate and interact effectively, summarise and analyse findings from written sources relating to their research subject, and show knowledge and understanding about the society and culture of the Chinese-speaking world. This paper requires students to translate a previously unseen passage from English into Chinese. This paper also draws on the study of tw w w w wo o o o o d d d d discre e e e et t t te Ch h h h h hi i i i i in n n n n n nese works: either two literary texts, or one literary text and d d d d o o one fil l l l lm m m m m. T T T T Th h h h he wor r r r rks must be taken from the list provided in Appendix 2: Pres s s s sc c c c c cribed li i i i it t t t terary y y y y y y texts a a a a an n n n nd films. The literary texts listed include novels and short s s s s s stories. A A A A All of f f f f f t t t t the e f f f f fi i i i i il l l l lms are feature length. Paper 3: Speaking (**Pap p p p p p p p p p p p p per code: 9 9 9 9C CN0 0/ /0 0 03 3 3 3 3 3M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M/ / / / / / / / / / / / /0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 3 3 3 3 3 3 3C C) Internally conducted and exte e e e er r r r rnally asse e e e e es s s s s ss s s s se e e e ed d d d d Total assessment time: between 2 2 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 a a a a and 23 m m m m m mi i i in n n n nutes, which includes a single period of 5 minutes’ for r r r r rm m m m m m m ma a a al p p p p p p p pr r re e e e e ep p p p p p paration time 30% of the qual li i i i i i if f f f f f f fi i i i i ic c c c c c c ca a a a a a at t t t t ti i i i i i i io o o o o o o o on n n n n n n n 72 marks Content overv v v v v vi i iew Task 1 draws on vocabulary and st tructures across all four themes (listed on pages 9 10) Task 2 is based on independent research selected and carried out by the
- 20. 33 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . Part 1 Brief Introduction Part 2 Grammar about Phrases, classified into Noun, Verb, Adjective, Pronouns etc. 11 categories. Part 3 Grammar about Sentence Structure Part 4 Grammar about Grouping Sentences The first book was printed in DQGPDQVWXGHQWVFDOOLW/,)(6$9,1*IRU their exam. The book give a quick revision for the coming GCSE Chinese, IGCSE Chinese, IB Chinese, SAT Chinese, HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test), YCT (Youth Chinese Test) exam! Grab it. The 2019 edition can be used with our Chinese Vocabulary Books and our Online 9LGHRRXUVHV,WWDNHVRXUHDUV SDLQIXOHIIRUWWRHGLWDQGSOHDVHUHVSHFWRXUFRS rights. Thanks for your support for us to creating better contents for you! The 2020 version added more sentences to illustrate the grammar concept and the usage. This whole series adjusted accordingly for IGCSE, IB Chinese etc. David YAO, Founder of www.LegooMandarin.com and www.edeo.biz March 27, 2019 (November 10, 2020 Finalized the Version 2020) The first book was printed in DQGPDQVWXGHQWVFDOOLW/,)(6$9,1*IRU their exam. The book give a quick revision for the coming GCSE Chinese, IGCSE Chinese, IB Chinese, SAT Chinese, HSK K K K K ( ( ( ( (C C Chine e ese P P Pr r r r ro o o o o oficiency Test), YCT (Youth Chinese Test) exam! Grab it. The 2019 edition can be used w w w w with our C C C Ch h hi i in n ne e es s se e e V V Vo o oc c ca a a a a ab b b bulary Books and our Online 9LGHRRXUVHV,WWDNHVRXU HDUV SDLQIXOHIIRUWWRH H H H H HG G G G GLWDQGSOHDVHUHVSHFWRXUFRS rights. Thanks for your suppo ort for us t t t t to creat ti ing b b b be e e e et t t t t tt t t t te e er r r r contents for you! The 2020 version added more sent t t t te e e e en n n n nc c c c ce e e e es s s t t t to o o o o i i i i il l l l ll l l l lustrate the grammar concept and the usage. This who o o o ol l l l l l l le e e e e e e e s s s se e e e e e er r r r r r r ri i i i i i ie e e es s s s s s a a a a a a a a ad d d d d d d d dj j j ju u u u u u u u us s s s s s s s st t t t t t t te e e e e e e e e ed d d d d d a a a a a a a a ac c c c c c c c cc c c c c co o o o o o o ord d di i i i in n n n n ng g g g g g g gl l l l l l l l ly y y y y y y y y f f f f f f f fo o o o o o o o or r r r r I I I I I IG G G G G G G GC C C C C C C C CS S S S S S SE E E E E E E, , , , , , I I I I I I I IB B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C Ch h h h h h h h h hi i i i i i in n n n n n n n ne e e e e e e ese etc. David YAO, Founder of w w w w w w w ww w w w w w w w w w w w ww w w w w w w w w. . . . . .L L L L L L L L L L L L Le e eg g g g g g g g g go o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o oM M M M M M M M M M Ma a a a a a a a a a a an n n n nd da a a a a a a a a a a a ar r r r r r r r r r r r ri i i i i i i i i i in n n n n n n n n n n n n n. . . . . . . . .c c c c c c c c c c c co o o o o o o o o o o o om m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m a a a a a a an n n n n n n nd d d w w w w w w w w w w w w w w ww w w w w w w w w w w w ww w w w w w w w w w w w. . .e e e e e e e e e e e e e ed d d d d d d d d d de e e e e e eo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o. . .b b b b b b b b b b b b bi i i i i i i i i i iz z z z z z z z March 27, 20 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 19 9 9 9 9 9 (November 10, 2020 Finalized the Version 2020)
- 21. 43 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . The HSK Speaking Test (Advanced Level) is comprised of three parts, containing 6 items in total. The duration of the test is about 24 minutes (including 10 minutes for preparation). There are 3 items in Part I. For each item, the recording of a passage will be played, and the test takers should repeat the content. The duration of this part is 7 minutes. There is 1 item in Part II. There will be a passage on the test paper, and the test takers should read it out aloud. The duration of this part is 2 minutes. There are 2 items in Part III. The test takers should answer the two questions on the test paper. The duration of this part is 5 minutes. V. Results Certificate Test takers will receive the results for the HSKK issued by Hanban one month after the test. The test result is long-term available, but the score report to be used for the application to Chinese universities and colleges is valid within two years (from the test date). The full scores of HSKK beginner, intermediate and advanced levels are 100, and passing scores are 60. There is 1 item in Part II. There will be a p p p p pa a a a as s s s ssage on n n n n t t t t t the test paper, and the test takers should read it out aloud. The d d du u u u u ur r ration o o o o o of f f f f t t t t th h h h his par r r r rt is 2 minutes. There are 2 items in Part III. T T T T Th h h h he test ta a a a ak k kers s s s s sh h h h ho o o o ou u u u ul l l l ld answer the two questions on the test paper. The duration o o o o of f f f this part is 5 minutes. . . . V. Results Certi i i i i i if f f f f fi i i i i ic c c ca a at t te e e e e e Test takers w w w w w w wi i i i il l l l l l ll l l l l l r r r re e e e e ec c c c ce e e e ei i i i i iv v v v v ve e e e e t t t t t th h h h he e e e e e res s s s s su u u u u u u ul l l l l l lt t t t t t ts s s s s s s s f f f f f f f fo o o o o o or r r r r r r r t t t t t t t t t th h h h h he e e e e e H H H H H H H HS S S S S S SK K K K K K K K KK K K K K K K K i i i i is s s s ss s s s s su u u u u ue e e e e e ed d d d d d b b b b b by y y H H H H H H H Ha a a a a a an n n n n n nb b b b b b b b b ba a a a a an n n n n n o o o o o o on n n n ne e e e m m m m month after the test t t t. . . T T T T T T Th h h he e e e e e t t t t tes s s s st t t t t r r r r r r r re e e esu u u u ul l l lt i i i i is s s s s s s s l l l l l l lo o on n n n n n ng g g g g g-ter r r r r rm m m m m a a a a av v v v va a a a ai i i il l l l la a a a ab b bl l l l l le e e e e e e, , , , , b b b b b bu u u u u u ut t t t t t t t t t th h he e e e e e s s s s sc c c c c c c co o o o or re report to be used for the application to C C C Chinese uni i iversities and col lleges is val li id d within two years (from the test date)
- 22. 53 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
- 23. 63 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . ྯ⭕⯻Ҽθ 䴶㾷ՇᚥȾ WƗVKƝQJEuQJOH[njjR[Lnj[t She is sick and needs rest. HSK 3 V2021 G04.01 䴶㾷 [njjR (ࣞ) 1 need; require 2 () needs HSK 3 V2021 G04.01A YAO ᡇԢу䴶㾷ҦਹⲺθ ᇬ䠂ᴿᖾཐȾ :ԁPHQE[njƗRPӽLFKƯ GHMLƗOLԁXKČQGXǀ We don’t need to buy food, there are many at home. HSK 3 V2021 G04.02 ࣘ䇽䟽ਐ˖Verb overlap AAǃ A а Aǃ A Ҷ AǃABABǃA ⵰ A ⵰ǃ AABBǃ а A а Bǃ ᘭ A ᘭ B ᡇ㜳⭞⭞֖Ⲻᢁᵰ੍ϋ ZԁQpQJzQJzQJQӿGHVKԁXMƯPD Can I use your cell phone? HSK 2 V2021 G04.01 ֖ᜩжᜩ䘏ѠᆍⲺᝅᙓȾ 1ӿ[LӽQJƯ[LӽQJ]KqJH]uGH uVL Think about the meaning of this word. HSK 2 V2021 G04.02 ԌⵁҼⵁᡇθ ⋗䈪䈓Ⱦ 7ƗNjQOHNjQZԁPpLVKXǀKXj He ORRNHGDWPHEXWGLGQ WVSHDN HSK 2 V2021 G04.03 䈭ԁ㔃ԁ㔃֖ⲺᵁਁȾ 4ӿQJMLqVKjRMLqVKjRQӿGHSpQJԁX Please introduce your friends. HSK 2 V2021 G04.04 home. HSK 3 V2021 G04.02 ࣘ䇽䟽ਐ˖Verb overlap p p p p p p p p p p p p p AAǃ A а а а Aǃ A A A A A A A Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ Ҷ A A A A A A A A A A A Aǃ ǃ ǃABABǃA ⵰ A ⵰ǃ AABBǃ а A а Bǃ ᘭ A A A A A A A A A A A A ᘭ ᘭ ᘭ ᘭ ᘭ B ᡇ㜳⭞⭞֖Ⲻᢁᵰ੍ϋ Z Z Z Z Zԁ ԁ ԁ ԁ ԁ ԁQ Q Q Q Q Q Qp p p p p pQ Q QJzQJzQJQӿGHVKԁXMƯPD Can I us s se e e e e e e e e y y y y y y y yo o o o o ou u u u u u u u u ur r r r r c c c c c c ce e e e e e e e e e el l l l l l ll l l l p p p p p p p p p ph h h h h h h h h ho o o o o o o o o on n n n n n n n ne e e e e e e e e e? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? H H HS S S S S S SK K K K K K K K K 2 2 2 2 2 V V V V V V V V V V2 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 2 2 2 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 G G G G G G G G G0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4. . .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ֖ᜩжᜩ䘏 䘏 䘏 䘏 䘏 䘏 䘏 䘏Ѡ Ѡ Ѡ Ѡ Ѡ Ѡ Ѡ Ѡᆍ ᆍ ᆍ ᆍ ᆍ ᆍ ᆍⲺ Ⲻ Ⲻ Ⲻ Ⲻ Ⲻ Ⲻ Ⲻ Ⲻᝅ ᝅ ᝅ ᝅ ᝅ ᝅ ᝅ ᝅᙓ ᙓ ᙓ ᙓ ᙓ ᙓ ᙓ ᙓȾ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1ӿ ӿ ӿ ӿ ӿ ӿ[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [L L L L L L Lӽ ӽ ӽ ӽ ӽ ӽ ӽ ӽQ Q Q Q Q Q QJ J J J J J J J Ư Ư Ư Ư Ư Ư Ư[ [ [ [ [ [ [L L L L L L L L Lӽ ӽ ӽ ӽ ӽ ӽQ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q QJ J J J J J J J J J J] ] ] ] ] ] ]K K K K K K Kq q q q q q q qJ J J J J JH H H H H H H H] ] ] ] ] ]uGH uVL Think k k k k k a a a a a ab b b b bo o o o o ou u u u ut t t t t t th h h h h h h h he m m m m me e e e ea a a a a a a an n n n n n n ni i i i in n n n n n ng g g g g g of f t t t t t th h h h hi i i i is s s s s w w w w w wo o o o ord d d d d d. . . . . H H H H H H HS S S S S S SK K K K K 2 2 2 2 2 2 V V V V V V V V V2 2 2 2 2 2021 G04.02 ԌⵁҼⵁᡇθ ⋗䈪䈓Ⱦ 7ƗNjQOHNjQZԁPpLVKXǀKXj He
- 24. 73 | P a g e E D E O L e g o o M a n d a r i n A l l R i g h t s r e s e r v e d . ⡮⡮Ⲻ䓡։ᙄѾṭϋ %jEDGHVKƝQWӿ]ČQPHjQJ How LVGDG VKHDOWK HSK 2 V2021 G05.03A 䐕ᡇԢж䎭ৱ,ᙄѾṭ? JƝQZԁPHQƯTӿT]ČQPHjQJHow about going there together wi th us? HSK 2 V2021 G05.03A YAO 䘏Ѡᆍᙄṭߏϋ =KqJH]u]ČQjQJ[LČHow to write this character? HSK 2 V2021 G05.03A 䘏ԬӁ֖ᙄṭੇྯ䀙䠀? ]KqMLjQVKuQӿ]ČQjQJ[LjQJWƗMLČVKu How are you going to explain this to her? HSK 2 V2021 G05.03A YAO ֖䘇ᶛᙄṭ? QӿMuQOiL]ČQjQJ How have you been keeping? HSK 2 V2021 G05.03A YAO Ӱ〦ԙ䈃 UpQFKƝQJGjLFt Personal pronouns: HSK 2 V2021 G06.00 ⯁䰞ԓ䇽Ⲵ䶎⯁䰞⭘⌅ Non-interrogative usage of interrogative pronouns ⯇䰤ԙ䈃Ⲻ䶔⯇䰤⭞⌋ tZqQGjLFtGHIƝLtZqQzQJIӽ Non- interrogative usage of interrogative pronouns HSK 3 V2021 G07.00A ԫᤷ⭘⌅ Any One (1)Ա⭞⌋
- 25. UqQ]KӿzQJIӽ (1) Any One HSK 3 V2021 G07.00B 䘏Ѡᆍᙄṭߏϋ =KqJH]u]ČQ jQJ[LČHow to write this character? HSK 2 V2021 G05.03A A A A A 䘏ԬӁ֖ᙄṭੇྯ䀙䠀? ]Kq q q q q qM M M M MLjQ Q Q Q Q Q QVKuQӿ ӿ ӿ ӿ ӿ ӿ]ČQjQJ[LjQJWƗMLČVKu How are you going to o o o o o explain n n n n this s s s s s s t t t t to h h h h h he e e e e er r r r r? ? ? ? ? HSK 2 V2021 G05.03A YAO ֖䘇ᶛᙄṭ? QӿM M M M M MuQOiL]ČQ Q Q Q Q Q j j jQ Q QJ J J H H H H H Ho o o o ow have you been keeping? HSK 2 V2021 1 1 1 1 G05.03A A A A A A A A Y Y Y Y YA A A A AO O O O O O Ӱ〦ԙ䈃 U U U Up p p p p p p p p pQ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q QF F F F F FK K K K K K K K K K KƝ Ɲ Ɲ Ɲ Ɲ Ɲ Ɲ Ɲ Ɲ ƝQ Q Q Q QJ J J J J J J J J J J JG G G G G G G G G G G Gj j j j j j j j jL L L L L L L LF F F F F F F F F Ft t t t t t t t t t t P P Pe e e e er r r rs s s s s so o o o o on n n n na a a a a a a a a al l l l l l l l l l p p p p p p p pr r r r r r ro o o on n n n n n no o o o o o ou u u u u u un n n n n n n n ns s s s s s: : : : : : : H H H H H H H H H H HS S S S S S SK 2 V2021 G06.00 ⯁䰞ԓ䇽Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ Ⲵ䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎 䶎⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁ ⯁䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞 䰞⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘ ⭘⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ ⌅ N N N N N N N N N N N N N No o o o o o o o o o o o o o o on n n n n n n n n n n n n n n- - - - - - - - - - -i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i in n n n n n n n n n n n n n n nt t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t te e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e er r r r r r r r r r r r rr r r r r r r r r r r r ro o o o o o o o o o o o o og g g g g g g g g g g g g ga a a a a a a a a a a a a a at t t t t t t t t t t t t ti i i i i i i i i i i i i i iv v v v v v v v v v v v ve e e e e e e e e e e e e e e u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u us s s s s s s s s sa a a a a a a a a ag g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g ge e e e e e e e e e e e o o o o o o o o o of f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f i i i i in n n n n n nt t t t t t t t t t t t t t te e e e e e e e e e e e e e er r r r r r r r rr r r r r r r r r r r r ro o o o o o o o o o o o o o og g g g g g g g g g g g ga a a a a a a a a a at t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t ti i i i i i i i iv v v v v v v v v v v v ve pronouns ⯇䰤ԙ䈃Ⲻ䶔⯇䰤⭞⌋ tZqQGjLFtGHIƝLtZqQzQJIӽ Non-