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Measuring Poverty,[object Object],Leland Joseph R. Dela Cruz,[object Object],Development Studies Program,[object Object],Ateneo de Manila University,[object Object],Alternative Class Program,[object Object],January 22, 2010,[object Object]
Alternative questions for measuring poverty,[object Object],How much income do you make?,[object Object],How much income do you make relative to what others make?,[object Object],Do you consider yourself poor?,[object Object],Do you have access to basic needs?,[object Object],What is the quality of life you are able to lead?,[object Object]
Poverty as Lack of Income,[object Object],How much income do you make?,[object Object]
Test your knowledge!,[object Object],How much should a family of 5 persons be earning per month to be considered non-poor? ,[object Object],What percent of the Philippine population is considered poor?,[object Object]
When is a person considered poor? ,[object Object],A poor person is someone who earns income below the official poverty line or poverty threshold.,[object Object],The poverty line measures the income needed to obtain basic and non-basic needs for one year. ,[object Object]
How does the government compute for the poverty line?,[object Object],The government constructs a menu per region that satisfies basic nutritional requirements. The government computes for the cost of that menu. (ex. P43),[object Object],The government computes for the proportion of income that is budgeted for food using survey data. (ex. 66%),[object Object],The figure obtained in #1 is divided by the figure obtained in #2. (ex. P43 / 66% = P65),[object Object]
What is the NCR poverty line (2008)? NSCB,[object Object],P24,000.00,[object Object],Individual/ year*,[object Object],P2,000.00,[object Object],Individual/ month*,[object Object],P65.76,[object Object],Individual/ day*,[object Object],P120,000.00,[object Object],Family/ year*,[object Object],P10,000.00,[object Object],Family/ month,[object Object],P328.77,[object Object],Family/ day*,[object Object],*Unofficial, self-computed,[object Object]
What is the Philippine poverty line (2006)? NSCB,[object Object],P15,057.57,[object Object],Individual/ year NSCB,[object Object],P1,254.80,[object Object],Individual/ month*,[object Object],P41.26,[object Object],Individual/ day*,[object Object],P75,287.85,[object Object],Family/ year*,[object Object],P6,273.99,[object Object],Family/ month*,[object Object],P206.29,[object Object],Family/ day*,[object Object],*Unofficial, self-computed,[object Object]
Poverty incidence 2006, NSCB,[object Object],32.9% or 27.6 million Filipinos are poor. ,[object Object],32.9% of Filipinos earn less than P15,057.57 a year (Y36,557), P1,254.80 a month (Y3,046) and P41.26 a day (Y100.15).,[object Object],26.9% or 4.6 million Filipino families are poor.,[object Object],26.9% of families earn less than P75,287.85 a year (Y182,705), P6,273.99 a month (Y15,232.08) and P206.29 a day (Y500.78). ,[object Object]
Poorest Provinces (2006) NSCB,[object Object]
Least Poor Provinces (2006) NSCB,[object Object]
Poverty trends NSCB,[object Object]
Philippine Poverty Incidence: Families (Percentage) NSCB,[object Object],45,[object Object],40,[object Object],35,[object Object],30,[object Object],25,[object Object],%,[object Object],20,[object Object],15,[object Object],10,[object Object],5,[object Object],0,[object Object],1988,[object Object],1991,[object Object],1994,[object Object],1997,[object Object],2000,[object Object],2003,[object Object]
Philippine Poverty Incidence: Individuals (Percentage) NSCB,[object Object],60,[object Object],50,[object Object],40,[object Object],30,[object Object],%,[object Object],20,[object Object],10,[object Object],0,[object Object],1988,[object Object],1991,[object Object],1994,[object Object],1997,[object Object],2000,[object Object],2003,[object Object]
Philippine GNP Growth Rate (%),[object Object],NEDA Economic Indicators Online,[object Object]
Relative Poverty,[object Object],How much income do you make relative to what others make?,[object Object]
Income Distribution 2006,NSO,[object Object]
Average family income, expenditures and savings per decile 2006, NSO,[object Object]
Income Distribution,[object Object]
Income Distribution,[object Object]
Self-Rated Poverty,[object Object],Do you consider yourself poor?,[object Object]
Self-Rated Poverty SWS,[object Object]
Self-Rated Poverty Pulse-Asia,[object Object]
Self-Rated Poverty Pulse-Asia,[object Object]
Summary,[object Object]
Basic Needs Deprivation,[object Object],Do you have access to basic needs?,[object Object]
Self-Rated Hunger SWS,[object Object]
Access to basic needs NSCB,[object Object]
Inadequacies at the ,[object Object],Elementary Level,[object Object],Source: Basic Education Information System, DepEd,[object Object]
Inadequacies at the,[object Object],Secondary Level,[object Object],Source: Basic Education Information System, DepEd,[object Object]
Health Personnel by Location,[object Object],Source: Dr. Merceditas Santos-Tuano, former Executive Director, Healthdev Institute,[object Object]
Child Delivery Attendants       (2003,NDHS),[object Object]
Child Delivery Attendants by Income Quintiles (2003,NDHS),[object Object]
Location of Child Delivery     (2003,NDHS),[object Object]
Location of Child Delivery by Income Quintile (2003,NDHS),[object Object]
Quality of Life Deprivation,[object Object],What is the quality of life you are able to lead?,[object Object]
National Achievement Test Scores,[object Object],Elementary Average: 59.94%,[object Object],High School Average: 46.64%,[object Object],Source: Basic Education Information System, DepEd,[object Object]
Third International Math and Science Survey,[object Object],Grade 4 Test: Philippines ranked 3rd lowest among 25 countries (Japan ranked 3rd highest behind Singapore and Hong Kong),[object Object],Grade 8 Test: Philippines ranked 6th lowest among 45 countries (Japan ranked 5th highest behind Singapore, Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan),[object Object]
Female Life Expectancy2000, PSY,[object Object]
Male Life Expectancy2000, PSY,[object Object]
Life Expectancy2004, PSY,[object Object]
Infant Mortality Rateper 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY,[object Object]
Infant Mortality Rate                   per 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY,[object Object]
Infant Mortality Rate                  per 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY,[object Object]
Infant Mortality Rate                  per 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY,[object Object]
Maternal Mortality Rateper 100,000 live births; 1996-2000, PSY,[object Object]
Maternal Mortality Rateper 100,000 live births; 1995, PSY,[object Object]
Human Development Index,[object Object],Income per capita,[object Object],Health,[object Object],Life Expectancy,[object Object],Education,[object Object],Mean Years of Schooling,[object Object],Literacy Rate,[object Object]
Human Development Index      UNDP 2004,[object Object]
Human Development Index      UNDP 2004,[object Object]
Human Poverty Index               UNDP 2004,[object Object],Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40.,[object Object],Adult illiteracy rate.,[object Object],Population without access to an improved water source.,[object Object],Children underweight for age.,[object Object]
Human Poverty Index               UNDP 2004,[object Object]
Alternative questions for measuring poverty,[object Object],How much income do you make?,[object Object],How much income do you have relative to others?,[object Object],Do you consider yourself poor?,[object Object],Do you have access to basic needs?,[object Object],What is the quality of life you are able to lead?,[object Object]
Poverty beyond measurement,[object Object],Poverty as the inability to handle risks ,[object Object],Poverty as powerlessness,[object Object],Poverty as social exclusion,[object Object]
Outline of the Presentation,[object Object],Poverty Measurements,[object Object],Causes of Poverty,[object Object],Inequality,[object Object],Inflation,[object Object],Weak Human Capital,[object Object],Absence of Employment Opportunities,[object Object],Weak Agricultural Sector,[object Object],Poor Governance,[object Object]
Unequal Asset Distribution: Land Distribution,[object Object],50% of land area,[object Object],449 Landowners*,[object Object],30 Landowners*,[object Object],50% of land area,[object Object],*Ratio and proportion, assumes there are only 479 landowners in the country (based on 1991 Census of Agriculture),[object Object]
Land Distribution,[object Object],50% of land area,[object Object],449 Landowners,[object Object],25% of land area,[object Object],29 Landowners,[object Object],1 Landowner,[object Object],25% of land area,[object Object],*Ratio and proportion, assumes there are only 479 landowners in the country (based on 1991 Census of Agriculture),[object Object]
Inflation: Rice Prices, 2008,[object Object]
                                                                                                                         Measuring Poverty,[object Object],Leland Joseph R. Dela Cruz,[object Object],Development Studies Program,[object Object],slideshare.net/ldelacruz,[object Object]

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