honors world history- royal power and conflict

1. MONARCHIES OF EUROPE
Chapter 5
Philip II Louis XIVElizabeth I Peter the Great

2. Age of Absolutism
• Monarchs had complete
authority
• Divine Right legitimized
their rule to the common
people
• Period defined by rulers
who kept power for
decades
• Charles V split the
Hapsburg Empire when
he retired in 1556

3. Spain
• Philip II was given
control of the western
Hapsburg empire
• Ruled from 1556-1598
• Philip II was a hard
working, suspicious
leader as well as
devoutly Christian
• Married Mary I of
England ESCORIAL

4. Social Unrest in Spain
• Spanish were a regional people
• Castile region in power under Philip II
–Language, Capital (Madrid)
• Other regions resented Castile

5. Philip’s Religious Policy
• Religious minorities faced inquisitorial
persecution
• Protestantism never took hold in
Spain
• Efforts to Catholicize the Netherlands
led to Dutch independence and a war
with England

6. Spanish Armada
• Protestant England
threatened Catholic
Spain worldwide
• In 1588, the Spanish
Armada attacked
England, but was
defeated
• Defeat marked the
beginning of the end of
Spanish naval power

7. Golden Century
• Miguel de Cervantes
wrote Don Quixote
• Expulsion of religious
minorities leads to over
taxing of middle class
• Inflation

8. England

9. Tudors (1485-1603)
• Henry VII was first Tudor
• Henry VIII was most powerful
• Edward VI (age 9)
• Mary married Philip II and led a return
to Catholicism (1553-1558)
• Elizabeth I became Queen in 1558
and ruled for 45 years

10. Elizabeth’s Reign
• Intelligent and strong willed
• Refused marriage
• Period of cultural growth
• Social classes were important and
fixed
• Kept England in severe debt

11. English Foreign Policy
• With no more holdings on Europe,
English Channel was vital for
protection and thus the Navy
• Balance of power in Europe helped
control growing nations
• Conflict existed with Scotland and
Ireland
• Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots

12. FRANCE

13. FRANCE’S BOURBON DYNASTY
• Henry IV (1589-1610)
–First Bourbon
–Edict of Nantes
• Louis XIII / Cardinal
Richelieu (1610-1643)
–Centralize Monarch’s power
–Attempted to weaken
Hapsburgs

14. LOUIS XIV (1643-1715)
• Gave power to middle class
– Intendants
• 1685-Cancels Edict of Nantes
• Moved Capital to Versailles
• Domestication of the Nobility
• Wars vs. the Netherlands
–League of Augsburg
• War of Spanish Succession 1700-
1714

16. GERMAN STATES

17. Conflict
• Protestant princes vs. Catholic Hapsburgs
• 30 Years War (1618-1648)
– Ruined German Economy
– French Influence
– Peace of Westphalia (p. 170)
• Hapsburgs focus on Austria
• Maria Theresa
• Emergence of Prussia (Frederick II)
• War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748)
• 7 Years War (1756-1763)