2. MANAGEMENT AS AN ART
Art is the skillful and personal application of existing
knowledge to achieve desired result. It can be acquired
through study, observation and experience.
The basic features of an art are as follows:
• Existence of theoretical knowledge
• Personalized application and creativity
• Based on continuous practice.
3. Let us see how far
management fulfills these
requirements:
4. Existence of theoretical knowledge:- in every art,
there is systematic and organized study material
available to acquire certain theoretical knowledge on
the basis of which certain principles are derived for
example, literature, dancing, public speaking, acting or
music is widely available.
In management too there is a lot of literature available
in various areas of management like marketing, finance
and human resources which the manager has to
specialize in.
So, this feature of art is present in management.
5. Personalized application and creativity:- In the field
of art, theoretical knowledge is not enough. The use
of basic knowledge of art varies from individual to
individual. For example, two dancers, two speakers,
two actors, or two writers will always differs in
demonstrating their art.
IN MANAGEMENT TOO, A MANAGER APPLIES
HIS ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE IN A PERSONLISED
AND SKILLFUL MANNER DEPENDING UPON THE
SITUATION. THE EFFICEIENCY OF THE
MANAGER DEPENDS UPON HOW WELL THEY
USE THESE PRINCIPLES UNDER DIFFERENT
SITUATIONS BY APPLYING PERSONAL
SKILL,IMAGINATION AND INITIATIVE. THIS GIVE
RISE TO DIFFERENT STYLES OF MANAGEMENT.
SO, THIS FEATURE OF ART IS PRESENT IN
MANAGEMENT
6. Based on continuous practice:- Every artist becomes
more and more efficient through constant practice of
existing theoretical knowledge. A dancer, for example,
learns to perform better by continuously practicing a
dance.
SIMILARLY, A MANAGER GAINS EXPERIENCE
THROUGH REGUALAR PRACTICE AND BECOMES
MORE EFFECTIVE. AS IT IS RIGHTLY SAID ,’THE
MORE YOU MANAGE, THE BETTER YOU
MANAGE’. MANAGERS ACHIEVE PERFECTION
AFTER LONG PRACTICE.
SO, THIS FEATURE OF ART IS PRESENT IN
MANAGEMENT
7. Conclusion:- As all the criteria of art
are satisfied by management, it
qualifies as an art. All management
practices are based on the same set
principles; what distinguishes a
successful manager from a less
successful one is the ability to put these
principles into practice.
9. Science is a systematized body of
knowledge that explain certain general
truths or the operation of general laws.
The basic features of Science are as
follows:-
• Systematized body of knowledge
• Principles based on observation and
experimentation.
• Universal validity.
10. Let us see how far
management fulfills these
requirements
11. Systematized body of knowledge:- Science is a
systematic body of knowledge. Its principles are
based on a cause and effect relationship. For
example, the phenomenon of an apple falling
from a tree towards the ground is explained by
the law of gravity.
LIKE SCIENCE, MANAGEMENT HAS SYSTEMATISED
BODY OF KNOWLEDGE AND HAS ITS OWN THEORY AND
PRINCIPLES THAT HAVE DEVELOPED OVER A PERIOD OF
TIME. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT TOO ESTABLISH
CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFERENT
VARIABLES.
SO, THIS FEATURES OF SCIENCE IS PRESENT IN
MANAGEMENT.
12. Principles based on experimentation :- Scientific
principles are first developed through
observation and then tested through repeated
experimentation under controlled conditions.
THE PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT ARE ALSO BASED
ON REPEATED EXPERIEMENTATION AND OBSERVATION.
IN DIFFERENT OUTCOMES OF THESE EXPERIMENTS ARE
NOT CAPABLE OF BEING ACCURATELY PREDICETED .
THEREFORE, MANAGEMENT CAN BE CALLED AN
INEXACT SCIENCE.
SO, THIS FEATURE OF SCIENCE IS NOT FULLY
PRESENT IN MANAGEMENT.
13. Universal validity: Scientific principles have
universal validity and application.
SINCE THE PRINCIPLES OF NAMAGEMENT ARE
NOT AS EXACT AS THE PRINCIPLES OF
SCIENCE, THERE APPLICATION AND USE IS
NOT UNIVERSAL. THEY HAVE TO BE MODIFIED
ACCORDING TO A GIVEN SITUAITION.
HOWEVER, THEY PROVIDE MANAGERS WITH
CERTAIN STANDARDISED TECHNIQUES THAT
CAN BE USED IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS.
THESE PRINCIPLES ARE ASLO USED FOR
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGERS.
SO, THIS FEATURE OF SCIENCE IS NOT FULLY
PRESENT IN MANAGEMENT.
14. CONCLUSION: Thus, management is
undoubtedly a science, however, it is not as exact or
as comprehensive as pure science like physics or
chemistry.
This is because management deals with
people and it is very difficult to predict the behavior
of human beings accurately. Therefore,
management is considered to be an inexact, soft,
social or behavioral science.
15. Now lets check… what we learned???
(Answer the following questions)
• Qs. True or False…
• Management is a pure science.
• Management is having systemized body of
knowledge.
• Qs. Management principles are universal
applicable. Is it true?
• Qs. Explain management as an Art/Science.
