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Blood Pressure:
 Hypertension
From Bethel University Nursing Students
Types of Hypertension
 Affects ~50 million people in the US
 Types:
   1. Primary
      Chronic high blood pressure without a source or associated
       with any other disease
      Most common form of hypertension
   2. Secondary
      Elevation of blood pressure associated with another disease
       such as kidney disease
Causes
 Genetics-some people are prone to hypertension simply based off
   of their genetic makeup
 Family History- your risk for high blood pressure/hypertension
   increases if it is in your family history
 Environment
   Inactivity
   Stress
   Obesity
   Alcohol
   High Sodium Diet
   Tobacco Use
   Age
   Menopausal Medications
Further Complications of High
       Blood Pressure
 Thickening of the heart muscle
 Increased workload of the heart
 May lead to other conditions such as:
     Heart attack
     Stroke
     Renal (Kidney) Failure
     Loss of vision
Who is at Risk??
 African Americans have a higher risk of high blood
  pressure/hypertension
 40% of all African Americans in the US will develop
  hypertension in comparison to 27% in white
  populations
 This is due to:
   African Americans respond differently to Blood Pressure
    medications
   African Americans have a higher sensitivity to salt
     ½ teaspoon of salt can raise your blood pressure 5mmHg
Signs and Symptoms
 Diagnosed through repeat blood pressure readings
 Primary Hypertension does not have symptoms other
  than high blood pressure

 Secondary Hypertension
   Most likely caused by Renal Disorders, symptoms you will
    see:
     Decreased urine formation
     Increased sodium and water retention
Treatments
 Step 1:
   Lifestyle modifications
      Diet and exercise
      Limit alcohol and tobacco use
      Reduce stress factors
 Step 2:
   If lifestyle changes are not enough, drug therapy will be
     introduced

 Step 3:
   If previous steps don’t work, drug dose or type will be changed
     or another drug is added

 Step 4:
   More medications are added until blood pressure is controlled
Prevention
 Lifestyle changes
 Having regular checkups with your physician
 Education
   Being aware of your blood pressure and where it should
    be
   Understanding your personal risk factors
   Engaging in community health awareness acitivities
Living With High Blood
               Pressure
 Living with High Blood Pressure requires a lot of lifestyle
  changes
   Diet
   Exercise
 Taking prescribed medications as required by your doctor
 Recognize it is an ongoing process which requires regular
  checkups, taking medication regularly and checking blood
  pressure regularly
 Recognizing there can be complications with pregnancy
  while living with high blood pressure
   Damage to kidneys and other organs in mother and fetus
   Low birth weight
   Preeclampsia
References
 Powerpoint notes taken from Dr. Van
  Berkhom, Professor of Biology at Bethel
  Univeristy, Hypertension lecture

 http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-
  topics/topics/hbp/signs.html

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Hypertension power point

  • 1. Blood Pressure: Hypertension From Bethel University Nursing Students
  • 2. Types of Hypertension  Affects ~50 million people in the US  Types:  1. Primary  Chronic high blood pressure without a source or associated with any other disease  Most common form of hypertension  2. Secondary  Elevation of blood pressure associated with another disease such as kidney disease
  • 3. Causes  Genetics-some people are prone to hypertension simply based off of their genetic makeup  Family History- your risk for high blood pressure/hypertension increases if it is in your family history  Environment  Inactivity  Stress  Obesity  Alcohol  High Sodium Diet  Tobacco Use  Age  Menopausal Medications
  • 4. Further Complications of High Blood Pressure  Thickening of the heart muscle  Increased workload of the heart  May lead to other conditions such as:  Heart attack  Stroke  Renal (Kidney) Failure  Loss of vision
  • 5. Who is at Risk??  African Americans have a higher risk of high blood pressure/hypertension  40% of all African Americans in the US will develop hypertension in comparison to 27% in white populations  This is due to:  African Americans respond differently to Blood Pressure medications  African Americans have a higher sensitivity to salt  ½ teaspoon of salt can raise your blood pressure 5mmHg
  • 6. Signs and Symptoms  Diagnosed through repeat blood pressure readings  Primary Hypertension does not have symptoms other than high blood pressure  Secondary Hypertension  Most likely caused by Renal Disorders, symptoms you will see:  Decreased urine formation  Increased sodium and water retention
  • 7. Treatments  Step 1:  Lifestyle modifications  Diet and exercise  Limit alcohol and tobacco use  Reduce stress factors  Step 2:  If lifestyle changes are not enough, drug therapy will be introduced  Step 3:  If previous steps don’t work, drug dose or type will be changed or another drug is added  Step 4:  More medications are added until blood pressure is controlled
  • 8. Prevention  Lifestyle changes  Having regular checkups with your physician  Education  Being aware of your blood pressure and where it should be  Understanding your personal risk factors  Engaging in community health awareness acitivities
  • 9. Living With High Blood Pressure  Living with High Blood Pressure requires a lot of lifestyle changes  Diet  Exercise  Taking prescribed medications as required by your doctor  Recognize it is an ongoing process which requires regular checkups, taking medication regularly and checking blood pressure regularly  Recognizing there can be complications with pregnancy while living with high blood pressure  Damage to kidneys and other organs in mother and fetus  Low birth weight  Preeclampsia
  • 10. References  Powerpoint notes taken from Dr. Van Berkhom, Professor of Biology at Bethel Univeristy, Hypertension lecture  http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health- topics/topics/hbp/signs.html