4. TOPICS:
โข Introduction to FLOOD
โข Hazardous by FLOOD
โข Disaster Management for FLOOD in
India
โข Future directions & STRATEGIES
5. INTRODUCTION
A flood is usually caused by rain,
heavy thunderstorms, and
thawing of snow.
Its considered to be a temporary
condition of two or more acres of
dry land either:
โข Overflowed with inland or tidal
waters
โข Rapid or runoff of surface waters
โข Mudflows
6. HOW DOES FLOODING
START AND END?
The shore or land by or surrounding a body of water erodes
and this erosion causes waves currents that result in a
flood.
Flood disasters have been increased because of the
expansion of settlements and growth in floodplains.
Floods could be slow or fast but usually occur over a matter
of days.
After the water eventually goes down or dries up. On coastal
floods, low tides and high tides makes a change in
heights.
7. WHY DOES IT OCCUR??
A flood is too much water in the wrong place.
Sometimes a flood occurs from :
โข Sewer (drain) backup
โข Collapse of land along the shore of a lake or another
body of water. This results in waves or currents during
a flood
8. HAZARDOUS BY FLOOD
โข Effects on the Environment:
It also makes a mess of the environment. The soil becomes poor
because the oxygen is limited due to so much water. The pH in soil
decreases, rate decomposition of organic matter in flooded soil tends
only to be half that unflooded soil
Trees are effected as well. It effects the height, age, vigor, roots, and
species.
During the growing season flooding is very harmful especially to woody
plants compared a flood in a dormant season.
Floods could carry chemicals from agricultural fields, sewage,etc. and
canโt handle large bodies of water.
Crops die because they canโt survive because of the conditions.
9. DEATHS DURING FLOODS
Floods often result in death, especially along river banks
and low-lying areas.
Floods kill more Americans than any other natural
disaster each year. You may be surprised but only 6
inches of fast moving water can sweep a person off
their feet and cars will float of move in only two feet of
water.
15. ๏ INDISCRIMINATE ENCROACHMENT
๏ INCREASING ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
IN FLOOD PLAINS
๏ LACK OF REGULATIONS
๏ INADEQUATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
๏ INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE
๏ LACK OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
INCREASED VULNERABILITY
CAUSES
16. โข FLOODS CAN NOT BE ABSOLUTELY
CONTROLLED
โข FLOODS CAN ONLY BE MANAGED TO
REDUCE FLOOD LOSSES
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
APPROACH
17. โข MODIFY THE FLOODS
โข MODIFY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD
DAMAGE
โข MODIFY THE LOSS BURDEN
โข BEAR THE LOSS
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
18. FLOOD MANAGEMENT
ORGANISATIONS:
โข STATE FLOOD CONTROL DEPARTMENTS
โข CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION
โข GANGA FLOOD CONTROL COMMISSION
โข BRAHMAPUTRA BOARD
โข MHA - NDM DIVISION
19. โข STRUCTURAL : PHYSICAL WORKS FOR
MEASURES MODIFYING FLOOD MAGNITUDE
( TO KEEP FLOODS AWAY FROM
PEOPLE )
โข NON-STRUCTURAL : PLANNED ACTIVITY TO MODIFY
MEASURES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE
( TO KEEP PEOPLE AWAY FROM
FLOODS )
FLOOD MANAGEMENT MEASURES
20. โข DAMS & RESERVOIRS
โข EMBANKMENT
โข CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT
โข RIVER DIVERSION
โข INTER BASIN TRANSFER
โข ANTI EROSION WORKS
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
STRUCTURAL MEASURES
22. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
WATER SUPPLY
FACTORY
POWER HOUSE
UNIVERSITYRESIDENTIAL AREA
GOVT. OFFICE
HOSPITAL
NORMAL CHANNEL
PARK
FREQUENT FLOOD
FLOOD ONCE IN 25 YEARS
FLOOD ONCE IN 100 YEARS
III IIII III I
I
25. FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING
๏ฎ DATA COLLECTION
๏ฎ DATA TRANSMISSION
๏ฎ DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION
๏ฎ DISSEMINATION OF FORECAST
STEPS
29. FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING
PRESENT SYSTEM - SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
WEATHER FORECASTS
RIVER STAGE &
DISCHARGE AT
BASE STATION
RIVER STAGE &
DISCHARGE AT
FORECASTING STATIONS RAINFALL
F.M. O. OF I.M.DFLOOD FORECASTING
CENTRES & CONTROL ROOMS
FORMULATION OF
FORECAST
C.E., S.E.
STATE GOVT.
CONTROL ROOM
PRESS RADIO
P & T
POLICE FLOOD COMMITTEE
CIVIL AUTHORITIES
ENGG. AUTHORITIES
DEFENCE
RAILWAYS
INDUSTRIES
F.M.O OF I.M.D
REGIONAL OFFICES
OF I.M.D.
REGIONAL OFFICES
OF I.M.D.
DOORDARSHAN
CWC HQ MINISTRY OF WR
30. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
IN INDIA
โข The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has
been set up as the apex body for Disaster Management in
India, with the Prime Minister as its Chairman.
โข Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the
State and District Levels to be headed by the Chief
Ministers and Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmen
respectively.
31. FLOOD MANAGEMENT
SCOPE
โข Use of Remote Sensing and GIS
โข Research and Development
โข Weather / Rainfall Forecasting
โข FF Modelling
โข Capacity Building
โข International Cooperation
32. FLOOD FORECASTING NETWORK
โข COVERS MAJOR AND INTER STATE RIVER
BASINS.
166 STATIONS :- INFLOW 27 & STAGE 139
INDIA
36. FUTURE STRATEGIES:
โข Focused Approach
โข Basin Wise Action Plan
โข Flood Plain Zoning
โข Role of Central Government
โข Funding of Planned Flood Management Works
โข Adequacy of Flood Cushion in Reservoirs
37. CONTINUEโฆ.
โข Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks
โข Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more effective
preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC, Scouts
and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence, Home guards)
โข Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability
reduction.
โข Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness,
mitigation and disaster response