environmental impact assessment of navi mumbai interantional airport

1. EIA OF NAVI MUMBAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (NMIA) By : KetanWadodkar M. Tech. 1st Year Environment Engineering Enrollment No.: 10519013 4/27/2011 1

3. Analysis of Alternative Sites

4. Location and Geography

5. Description of Environment

6. Project Activities

7. Introduction

8. Mumbai

9. Navi Mumbai

10. Need of NMIA project?

12. Positive impacts

13. Negative impacts

14. Mitigation measures

15. Disaster management plan

17. Navi Mumbai

18. Need Of NMIA Project?

19. General Understanding About The Project4/27/2011 3

20. Mumbai 4/27/2011 4 Mumbai developed by British and nurtured by Local Mumbaikars. Earlier comprised of 7 isle now a metro city Financial capital of the country Busiest and 1 of the rapidly growing city in world.

21. Navi Mumbai Navi Mumbai is being developed as a counter magnet to the main city to achieve the goal of de-congestion of Mumbai CIDCO developed a new town Navi Mumbai of area 344 sq. km. Its Asias largest planned and developed city for population 2 million and 0.8 million jobs. high-tech Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT) catering to International Container Cargo traffic at Nhava-Sheva is located on the southern side of the city. 4/27/2011 5

23. Mumbai airport at Santacruz is the busiest airport in the country and handles approx. 23% of total passengers, 31% of Cargo traffic and 18% of aircraft movement in the country.

24. The airport can handle 40 MPPA which is expected to reach by 2012-13.

27. Location and Geography

28. Environment

29. Project Activities4/27/2011 8

30. Analysis of alternative sites The following sites were considered and analysed : Mahapan in Sindhudurg District Rewas-Mandwa in Raigad District Navi Mumbai (Panvel) 4/27/2011 9

31. Mahapan in Sindhudurg District: The site is approximately 350 km. away from Mumbai and would take about 8-10 hours by road to reach the site. It is not considered for site for international airport Rewas-Mandwa: Site is about 120 kms away from Mumbai airport. This will result a travel time of around 3hrs which exceeds the international norms or travel time to airport i.e. 1.5hrs. The site is abutting Dharamatar creek. 2 parallel runways are planned. The availability of various infrastructure reqd. for the development of airport are absent at the site. A trans-harbour link from Sewri-Nhava is proposed to be constructed on Dharamatar creek. 4/27/2011 10

32. 4/27/2011 11 Fig: Rewas-Mandwa site

33. Navi Mumbai site Located near Panvel town about 45 kms from the CBD of Belapur. 2 runways are planned. Phase wise development is adopted to meet the air travel demand. The site is also proposed to be accessed from Mumbai by high-speed water transportation system abutting airport site. Considering a SWOT analysis this site was finalized for new airport. 4/27/2011 12

34. Fig: Navi Mumbai Site 4/27/2011 13

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38. Location and Geography Located at Panveltaluka, Raigad Dist. Maharashtra. Present site is majorly CIDCO owned and remaining is private which will be acquired for airport development. SH54, NH4B, AamraMarg (Running on the Boundary of Airport site). Panvel creek, Gadhi river, Taloja river and Ulwe river running along and through the boundary of the airport. Ulwe hill – RL 82 Mts. within the site. Elephanta at a distance of 13 Kms. West Seismic zone :Zone-III as per IS: 1893 (Part-I) 2002. Study area falls in coastal region of Konkan area. Panvel 1.5 kms. on Central Rly./KonkanRly. Khandeshwar – 1 km. suburban Rly.. 4/27/2011 17 The study area is about 10 kms in radius around the airport site.

39. Description Of Environment Study area covers the district of Thane and Panvel. Climate is hot and humid. it is included in Deccan Trap where all the balastic compositions are surrounded by large no. Of dykes. Taloja river and Kasadi river in the North, Kalundri and Gadhi river in the East and Ulwe river in the South. The physico-chemical parameters ranges value within the prescribed standard except the BOD and nutrients. A total of 58 species of birds, 46 animals, 23 aquatic animals and maximum of 198 plant were found in study area. There is no forest area in the project area. 4/27/2011 18

40. Description Of Environment 4/27/2011 19

41. Description Of Environment 50% of project area is open land, salt marshes cover another 25%, 10% under mangrove forest, rain fed agriculture occupies 7% area rest is man-made things in the project area. Open land: hilly terrain extending NW and is towards the SW end of the proposed runway. Salt marshes: more common in the Eastern region of the site of proposed airport than in the west. Used for Prawn culture and are also man made. No life as anaerobic condition prevails. Mangroves: Avicennia marina more dominant species found here. Agricultural Land: rain fed agriculture in mansoon else barren land. Brick making also observed. 4/27/2011 20

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45. Socio-economic Status Of Study Area: Total population under the study area is about 5.68 lakhs based on 2001 census consisting of urban as 4.8 lakhs and rest rural. For urban area: Average built-up area - 45 Sq.m. Ownership household – 74%. Rental accommodation – 22%. Employer’s accommodation – 4%. Occupation- Professional 40%, Business or Industry owners 18%, skilled workers 21%, unskilled workers 9% & Clerks & typist 12%. Working population - total 32%, Males-89%, Female-11%. Average monthly income is Rs.12,700/- Infrastructure facilities - 82% of the population are satisfied with the physical and social infrastructure available in the urban area. 4/27/2011 25

46. For rural area: Occupation- Fishermen 2%, Farmers 5%, Broker/Real Esate Agent/Businessmen 18%, Supervisor/skilled workers 13%, unskilled workers 21% & others 41% Income – Average monthly income is Rs.5499/- All the villages, falling within the NMIA project area, have asphalted approach road. All 10 settlements have primary school and 2 settlements have secondary school. 4/27/2011 26

47. Description Of Environment Study area includes places of historical importance such as: The Elephanta Caves. Karnala Bird Sanctuary. Matheran Eco-sensitive Zone. 4/27/2011 27

48. Project Activites Project area s about 2054 Ha. Airport zone is about 1615 Ha. Consisting of 1200 Ha. For aeronautical activity and 415 Ha. For non- aeronautical activity. Remaining area is there for utility services. 4/27/2011 28

49. Project activities involves: Development of Airport in four phases Training of Gadhi river Diversion of Ulve river Shifting of EHT Lines Development of off-airport site (non-aeronautical area) Approach roads, railways, interchanges, water transport service to airport zone in the vicinity and far Re-settlement and Rehabilitation Development of various Utilities in the airport zone 4/27/2011 29

51. sewage treatment plant based on the SBR technology will treat aeronautical area will have 15 MLD capacity and non-aeronautical area 30 MLD installed capacity.

52. The solid waste generated to the tune of 10 tones/day initially and finally 40 tones/day will be treated at plant at Chaal, Taloja.

54. Negative impact4/27/2011 31

55. Positive Impacts Project will facilitate the fast movement of man and materials, thereby fostering trade and commerce. support employment generation, CM outlined that around 1lakh direct jobs and around 4lakh indirect jobs due to this project. Pressure on other airport at Santacruz will be eased. offer increased accessibility, which in turn fuels the tourism sector which causes more money flows into the local economy. raising the standard of living of the people in the region. provides a thrust to the GDP of the local region, having a positively impact on the national economy. it will handle 60 million passengers/year which is much smaller than the international standard of 100 million passengers/year so there is always possibilities of expansion. 4/27/2011 32

56. Negative Impacts Impacts are identified considering 4 stages: NMIA location NMIA project design NMIA construction phase NMIA operation phase 4/27/2011 33

57. Impacts due to NMIA Location Removal of Mangroves & Biodiversity: With the project intervention, A total of 161.50 ha of mangroves (though in degraded form) will be lost due to the project. Tree clearance: There is no forest in the project site area, though there are naturally growing trees/plants/vegetation in the area. This project will result in loss of all vegetation in the project site. Roads and infrastruture: two impacts namely the over concretizationand diversion of agricultural land leading to issues of land use change and food security. Though the surface soil is being stripped off for brick making. Water ways connectivity: stress on the surrounding marine ecosystem and fishing. Rehabilitation: Ten settlements approx 15000 people will be affected due to the project. 4/27/2011 34

58. Impacts due to NMIA Project Design Training of Gadhi River: Channelization leads to altering of original dimensions of the rivers along with extreme physical disturbances, alterations in river bed morphology, change in flow characteristics and elimination of bank cover. The impacts of channelization on the aquatic community mainly arise due to channel excavation, dredging, clearing and removal of vegetation. Siltation affects aquatic vegetation by increasing the turbidity of water. loss and reduction in the number of organisms. Diversion of Ulwe River: he impacts of diversion is similar to that ‘ Training of Gadhi river” 4/27/2011 35

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60. Hill Cutting (Quarrying / Blasting): Generation of heavy quantity of dust which raises the SPM levels in the vicinity. noise levels also will increase occasionally. Reclamation of marshy lands: the rise in the water levels will be slightly over 1.5 m river training would take place on existing land cover. studies indicate marginal rise in the water levels in the Panvel creek reach along the proposed airport boundary. 4/27/2011 37

61. Impact Due To Construction Phase Employment, Migration and Settlement: stress in the area surrounding the project in terms of water requirement, power, increased ecological footprint, increased requirement for health and educational facilities and changes in the land use pattern and local culture. Siting of construction camp for construction: stress on the local ecological resources Leveling of site: leveling process would lead to an intense / heavy quantity of dust which would raises the SPM levels in the vicinity. the noise levels would be high due to the machinery used for leveling. Safety of Workers Construction Activity 4/27/2011 38

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63. Impacts during Operation Phase of NMIA Operation of airport: two major impacts include that of air emissions and noise. Surface Traffic: air quality is affected Noise also is affected Employment, Migration & Settlement: 4/27/2011 40

64. Mitigation measures 4/27/2011 41 V/S

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66. Air sector Appropriate dust suppression measures will be implemented within the project site. Use of asbestos will be prohibited. Background air quality of all transport corridors will be maintained by reducing idling time and control on emissions. Aerobridges would be used for passenger transportation 4/27/2011 43

67. Biodiversity and Forests CIDCO has planned to take up approx 350 Ha. of plantation of mangroves against the 161.50 Ha. Loss. The channelization activities are designed to keep flow characteristics as close to the original natural flow. compensatory vegetation and plantation programme will be undertaken within the airport area contamination of estuarine body would occur mostly during the construction phase due to resuspension of sediments or dust from construction site, both of which are temporary. There was no wildlife, observed during the field survey. 4/27/2011 44

68. Ecosystem and Land Impact of dredging and channelization can be reduced by proper routing of alignment to maintain a proper flow. The proposed project activity does not involve clearing of any forest areas The proposed site and the study area do not include any migratory route of animals. he excavated material/construction debris would be used for land development of marshy land in the project site area. The project area lies in Deccan trap composed of hard massive basalt rock and will not initiate any instability problems – landslide/subsidence etc The predicted water levels at different locations with and without the proposed airport are practically same. And as stated earlier STP and landfill sites are available in near by area to treat waste generated from the airport. 4/27/2011 45

69. Disaster management plan Natural Disasters: earthquake flood storms/cyclone cloud burst/lightning/extreme weather conditions Fire Terror Attack, Plane Hijack, Sabotage A highly equiped airport is developed to counter all the calamities and disasters. Aircraft Accident Related Disasters: aircraft accident at airport aircraft accident off airport Hazardous material emergency, hydrocarbon spills (ATF) followed by vapour dispersion and pool fire fire 4/27/2011 46

70. Conclusion The project is necessary and should be given a nod. Development is necessary, but development along with environment is acceptable. So adopt sustainable development. Human imagination is touching sky, sky is part of environment so better preserve for imagination hence future. Go green. 4/27/2011 47

71. Refrence Google Wikipedia Maharashtra pollution control board CIDCO CESE, IIT Bombay LBG-INECO-RITES Consortium, USA Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS), Pune Ground water Survey & Development Agency (GSDA), Govt. of Maharashtra. 4/27/2011 48

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