ICT, Basic of Computer, Hardware, Various parts of computer hardware, What is hardware?, CPU Types
1.
2. Hardware is the physical component of a computer
system. It refers to the electromechanical parts and
devices that make up a computer. Generally, hardware is
categorized according to which of the five basic
computer operation it performs:
3. Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU,
a processor, or a microprocessor
Memory (RAM)
Storage Devices
Input Devices
Output Devices
4. Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a
processor or a microprocessor
Memory (RAM)
Storage Devices
Input Devices
Output Devices
5. Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a
processor or a microprocessor
Memory (RAM)
Storage Devices
Input Devices
Output Devices
6. Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a
processor or a microprocessor
Memory (RAM)
Storage Devices
Input Devices
Output Devices
7. CPU or microprocessor is often described as the brain of
a computer.
CPU is an integrated circuit or “chip” which processes
instructions and data.
CPU types.
Intel Pentium II, III, IV
Intel Celeron
AMD Athlon
8. CPU speed is measured by the number of completed
instruction cycles per second Currently, CPU speeds
range from 600 megahertz (MHz or million cycles per
second) to 4 gigahertz (GHz or billion cycles per second).
Always check new software’s requirements for CPU type
and speed before purchasing
9. RAM or Random Access Memory
“Waiting room” for computer’s CPU.
Holds instructions for processing data, processed data,
and raw data.
Ram is measured by:
Capacity (in Megabytes or Gigabytes)
Speed (in Nanoseconds)
10. Amount of RAM installed will determine.
Which software applications will run (efficiently)?
How many software applications can be open
simultaneously (multitasking ability)?
RAM upgrades are cost-effective and easy to install.
Check your computer manual for RAM type (DIMM,
SDRAM) and speed (100, 90ns).
11. All software applications will have RAM specifications
listed on their packaging.
Many applications list both a minimum and a
recommended amount of RAM necessary to run the
software.
Be cautious about buying software for a system based
on minimum requirement.
12. Electronic devices that store, retrieve, and save
instructions and data.
Today’s microcomputers or PCs include several types of
storage devices.
Capacity and speed are important considerations when
selecting a new storage device for a PC.
13. Magnetic storage devices store data by
magnetizing particles on a disk or tape.
They have a limited life-span of 1 to 5 years,
depending on the device.
Optical storage devices store data as light
and dark spots on the disk surface. They
have an unlimited life-span.
14. Hard Disk Drives
Capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB or billions of
bytes).
Typically permanently installed.
Used to store operating system, application software,
utilities and data.
Magnetic storage device.
15. Floppy Disk Drives
• Capacity is 1.44 to 2.0 megabytes (MB or
millions of bytes).
– Storage device with the smallest
capacity
– Most portable storage media
• Magnetic storage device.
16. CD-ROM Drives
Typically installed on all new computer systems. (Were
add-on device until the mid 1990’s).
Capacity is 600 to 750 megabytes
(MB or millions of bytes).
Most mass-produced commercial software is packaged
on a CD.
17. CD-ROM Drives
Used more often now for backup storage as CD-RW
(read/write) technology has become less expensive.
Data is read from CD by a laser.
Optical storage device.
18. Other Types of Drives
Zip Drives – Several different capacities are available.
Tape Drives – Generally used for system backups,
becoming less common.
DVD drives – Can also read CDs, now more common as a
standard device on new computer systems.
19. Input is all information put into a computer. Input can be
supplied from a variety of sources:
A person
A storage device on computer
Another computer
A peripheral device
Another piece of equipment, such as a musical
instrument or thermometer
20. Input devices gather and translate data into a form the
computer understands.
Primary input device:
Keyboard - Most common input device; used to type
in commands and data.
Mouse or trackball enhances user’s ability to input
commands, manipulate text, images.
Joystick useful in education as an adaptive or
assistive input device.
21. Scanners are peripheral input devices which allow users
to import:
Text
Graphics
Images
Specialized software aids in translating information into
a format the computer can understand and manipulate.
22. • Digital Cameras are peripheral input devices
that allow users to create pictures and/or
movies in a digital format.
– Some require specialized
software to import images
into the computer.
– Some record digital images directly to a disk
that can be read by the computer.
23. • Monitors are the most commonly used output device.
• Most monitors use a bitmap display.
– Allows user to resize the display.
– Divides the screen into a matrix of tiny square “dots” called
pixels.
– The more “dots” a screen can display, the higher the
resolution of the monitor.
24. • Monitors are connected to a computer system via a port
integrated on the video adapter or graphics card.
• Graphics cards convert digital data output from software to
analog data for display on monitors.
Typically have additional memory chips on card, 4MB to 64MB.
25. Printers
• Dot matrix
– Seldom used in a classroom.
– Still frequently used in business.
• Bubble or ink jet
• Laser
26. Projection systems or classroom TVs can display information from
a computer system on a larger screen for whole-class instruction.