30. Dalton
Elements made of atoms
All atoms of one element are the
same but different than
those of other elements
Atoms of different elements
can form different combinations
with different properties
53. Isotope Half Lives
Isotope Half Life
4.5 x 109 years
U - 238
Pu - 239 24,360 years
C - 14 5730 years
Co - 60 5.3 years
I - 131 8 days
1.63 x 10-4 sec
Po - 214
55. Technetium Half life
99Tc half life = 6 hours
If 10 g injected into a patient, how much is
left after 24 hrs?
24 hrs = 4 x 6 hrs = 4 half lives
10 g -> 5 g -> 2.5 g -> 1.25 g -> 0.625 g
72. Fission vs. Fusion
High energy higher energy
Radioactive waste no radioactivity
Need fissionable small common
nuclei atoms
Currently used need solar
conditions
100. Electron Transfer
Oxidation
electron loss
2 Ag --> 2 Ag+ + 2 e-
Reduction
electron gain
silver tarnishing
S + 2 e- --> S2-
101. Electron Transfer
Oxidation
Oxygen gain C + O2 --> CO2
NH4+ --> N2 (rocket fuel)
Hydrogen loss
Reduction
ClO4- --> Cl2 (rocket fuel)
Oxygen loss
Hydrogen gain C18H34O2 --> C18H36O2
unsat Oleic acid sat Stearic acid