1. We will discuss this
when your father
gets home!
Wow! Will
he last
longer in
that outfit?
Farther versus Further
2. Farther versus Further
Farther is an adjective and adverb that means to or at
a more distant point: ―We drove 50 miles today;
tomorrow, we will travel 100 miles farther.‖
Further is an adjective and adverb that means to or at
a greater extent or degree: ―We won't be able to
suggest a solution until we are further along in our
evaluation of the problem.‖ It can also mean in
addition or moreover: ―They stated further that they
would not change the policy.‖
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4. American Literature since 1945
Postmodern Manifestos
Sukenick
Gass
Thompson
Olson
5. American Literature
1945 to the Present
An Introduction
December 1, 1941, Washington,
D.C. President Roosevelt
addresses the people of the
United States in his ―fireside
chat,‖ in which he told them ―we
are going to win the war and the
peace that follows.‖
Roosevelt’s words were
prophetic: The United States
emerged from World War II as a
global superpower. ―This new
power, experienced both at home
and abroad, became a major force
in reshaping American culture for
the balance of the twentieth
century‖ (NAAL 3).
6. World War II and Its Aftermath
The war cost the lives of 50-70
million people world wide; almost
quarter of million died in the
bombings of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki. Historians and
politicians continue to debate
whether the use of nuclear
weapons was necessary to end the
war, but what remains undisputed
is that the possibility of nuclear
warfare radically changed the
nature of global politics for the
rest of the twentieth century.
9. World War II and Its
Aftermath
J. Howard Miller’s We Can
Do It poster from 1942.
10. The Civil Rights Movement
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led an estimated 10,000 civil rights marchers
out on the last leg of their Selma-to-Montgomery march. May 28, 1961,
Montgomery, Alabama.
The Civil Rights Movement was one of the defining features of the
postwar cultural revolution as thousands of African Americans took to
the streets to demand their equal rights in society.
11. Voices of the Cultural Revolution
A group of women rally at the
Statue of Liberty in support of
the recent passage of the Equal
Rights Amendment by the
United States House of
Representatives. August
10, 1970. The bill did not
survive in the U.S. Senate.
Women as well as racial
minorities seized upon the
changing climate of the post-
war years to demand greater
equality.
12. Voices of the Cultural Revolution
―Active dissension within the culture
emerged in response to military
involvement in Vietnam, where in
1961 President Kennedy had sent
small numbers of advisers to help the
Republic of South Vietnam resist
pressures from Communist North
Vietnam. Presidents Lyndon Johnson
and Richard Nixon expanded and
continued the U.S. presence; and an
increasingly strident opposition—
fueled by protests on American
college campuses and among the
country’s liberal intellectuals—
turned into a much larger cultural
revolution‖ (NAAL 6).
13. Voices of the Cultural Revolution
Gay and lesbian activists
prepare for a Gay and
Lesbian Pride parade in
downtown Des Moines,
Iowa. June 25, 1983, Des
Moines, Iowa.
The riots at the Stonewall Inn in New
York City mark the beginning of the
modern Gay Rights movement.
Stonewall was a gay-friendly bar in the
progressive Greenwich Village
neighborhood of Manhattan that was
frequently subjected to police raids. On
June 28, 1969, bar patrons actively
resisted arrest and a series of riots
broke out among the gay and lesbian
residents of Greenwich Village. One
year later, the first Gay and Lesbian
Pride parades took place in Los
Angeles, New York, and Chicago. Such
parades have been a staple of the Gay
Rights movement for the last forty
years.
16. ―For Sukenick [. . .] fiction was above all an activity, a self-
conscious act of creating a literary work with no illusions abut
the nature of its making‖ (NAAL 401).
―Fiction is the most fluid and changing of literary forms, the one
that most immediately reflects the changes in our collective
consciousness, and in fact that is one of its great virtues. As soon
as fiction gets frozen into one particular model, it loses that
responsiveness to our immediate experience that is its hallmark.
[…] It seems to me that this is one of the major factors
contributing to the recent decline in the popularity of fiction:
people no longer believe in the novel as a medium that gets at
the truth of their lives‖ (402).
Ronald Sukenick
17. William H. Gass
―There is a fundamental contradiction in our medium. We work with
a marble of flaws. My mind is utterly unlike my body, and unless
you’re an angel, so, I am certain, is yours. Poor Descartes really
wrote on the problems of poets: word sense and word sound, math
and mechanics, the mind and its body, can they touch? And how,
pray God, can they resemble?‖ (404)
―The purpose of a literary work is the capture of consciousness, and
the consequent creation, in you, of an imagined sensibility, so that
while you read you are that patient pool or cataract of concepts
which the author has constructed; and though at first it might seem
as if the richness of life had been replaced by something less so—
senseless noises, abstract meanings, mere shadows of worldly
employment—yet the new self with which fine fiction and good
poetry should provide you is as wide as the mind is, and musicked
deep with feeling‖ (407).
18. ―On the upstairs balconies, the customers are
being hustled by every conceivable kind of
bizarre shuck. All kinds of funhouse-type booths.
Shoot the pasties off the nipples of a ten-foot bull-
dyke and win a cotton-candy goat. Stand in front
of this fantastic machine, my friend, and for just
99¢ your likeness will appear, two hundred feet
tall, on a screen above downtown Las Vegas.
Ninety-nine cents more for a voice message. ―Say
whatever you want, fella. They’ll hear you, don’t
worry about that. Remember you’ll be two
hundred feet tall.‖ (408).
Hunter S. Thompson
―Hallucinations are bad enough. But after a while you learn to
cope with things like seeing your dead grandmother crawling up your
leg with a knife in her teeth. Most acid fanciers can handle this sort of
thing‖
―But nobody can handle that other trip—‖ (408).
19. ―(1) the kinetics of the thing. A poem is energy transferred from where the
poet got it‖ (409).
―(2) the principle, the law which presides conspicuously over such
composition‖
―FORM IS NEVER MORE THAN AN EXTENSION OF CONTENT‖
(410).
(3) the process of the thing, how the principle can be made so to shape the
energies that the form is accomplished
―ONE PERCEPTION MUST IMMEDIATELY AND DIRECTLY LEAD
TO A FURTHER PERCEPTION‖ (410).
Charles Olson
“Active dissension within the culture emerged in response to military involvement in Vietnam, where in 1961 President Kennedy had sent small numbers of advisers to help the Republic of South Vietnam resist pressures from Communist North Vietnam. Presidents Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon expanded and continued the U.S. presence; and an increasingly strident opposition—fueled by protests on American college campuses and among the country’s liberal intellectuals—turned into a much larger cultural revolution” (NAAL 6).
