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WATER IN THE
ATMOSPHERE
WHAT DO FOGGED-UP WINDOW ON A
COLD WINTER MORNING AND A BAD HAIR
DAY IN COMMON?
HUMIDITY
• The amount of water vapor in the air.
• Warm, tropical air tends to contain more
water vapor than cold, polar air does.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
-is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in
the air to the maximum amount of water
vapor that can exist at that temperature.
-when relative humidity reaches 100%, AIR
IS SAID TO BE SATURATED.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
The maximum amount of water that can
exist as a gas is greater at high
temperature than at low temperature.
Ex: After sunset, the temperature often
decreases, and so the maximum amount of
water vapor that the atmosphere can hold
also decreases.
Dew point
• The temperature at which air becomes
saturated.
• If the temperature drops further, water
vapor will condense.
WATER VAPOR TYPICALLY CONDENSES
AS:
1. DEW 3. CLOUDS OR FOG
2. FROST
1. DEW
- Is water vapor that
condenses on Earth’s
surface.
2. FROST
- Forms when the dew
point of air is below
freezing.
- Is formed when water
vapor in air changes
directly from a gas to
solid crystals.
CLOUDS
CLOUDS FORMATION
CLOUD – is a dense, visible mass of tiny
water droplets or ice crystals that are
suspended in the atmosphere.
 CLOUDS FORM as warm, moist air rises
and water vapor condenses in the
atmosphere
CLOUDS FORMATION
CLASSIFYING CLOUDS
• THREE BASIC CLOUD FORMS:
1. Stratus
2. Cumulus
3. Cirrus
CLASSIFYING CLOUDS
1. STRATUS CLOUDS
- Comes from Latin
word meaning “to
spread out”
Nimbo- or Nimbus-
-is added to a cloud’s
name, it means that the
cloud produces
precipitation.
Ex. Nimbostratus
clouds
Alto-
-is added to a cloud’s
name, it means middle-
level clouds.
• Altostratus clouds
CLASSIFYING CLOUDS
2. CUMULUS
CLOUDS
-come from Latin
for “heap”
-fair-weather clouds
3. CIRRUS CLOUD
- Thin, white, wispy
clouds, often with
a feathery or veil-
like appearance.
Cirros-
-is used to
described high-
altitude clouds
CLASSIFYING CLOUDS
FOG
-is a cloud that is near or touching
the ground.
-it often form when warm, moist air
passes over land.
FORMS OF PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION – occurs when water
droplets or ice crystals in clouds join
together and become large enough to
fall to the ground without evaporating.
THE MOST COMMON
TYPES OF PRECIPITATION:
RAIN SNOW
SLEET HAIL
FREEZING RAIN
WEATHER
PATTERNS
Air Masses
It is a large body of air that
has fairly uniform physical
properties.
Characteristics of
Air Mass
1. Air mass must be large in size
2. Air mass must have a uniform
and consistent makeup at all
points within the air mass.
3. Air mass must be physically
bound together, traveling across
the atmosphere as a single unit.
HOW DO AIR MASSES
FORM?
It forms when a large body of air
becomes fairly stationary over a
region of Earth’s surface or as air
moves over a large, uniform region.
Water in the atmosphere and Weather Pattern
MaritimePolar
Arctic
ContinentalPolar
ContinentalTropical
MaritimeTropical
CLASSIFICATION OF
AIR MASSES
1. MARITIME AIR MASS - forms over water
2. CONTINENTAL AIR MASS – forms over land
3. POLAR AIR MASS – forms North of 50º or
South of 50º, where it is often extremely
cold.
4. TROPICAL AIR MASS – originates in the
tropics, where it is warm.
AIR MASSES THAT MOST AFFECT
WEATHER
• MARITIME POLAR –cold and moist, and often
bring heavy precipitation to coastal areas.
• CONTINENTAL POLAR – bring cold and dry
air .
• MARITIME TROPICAL – bring warm, moist air
and are often accompanied by fog or rain.
• CONTINENTAL TROPICAL – bring hot, dry air.
FRONTS
The sharply
defined
boundary that
forms when
two unlike air
masses meet.
TYPES OF FRONTS
Stationary front
• When two unlike air
masses have
formed a boundary
but neither is
moving front.
• Often result in
clouds and steady
rain or snow for
several days.
COLD FRONT
Occurs when a cold air
mass overtakes a warm
air mass.
cumulus and
cumulonimbus clouds
Strong winds, severe
thunderstorms and hail.
Warm Front
Occurs when a
warm air mass
overtakes a cold
air mass.
Steady rain,
heavy showers
or
thunderstorms.
OCCLUDED FRONT
when a warm air
mass is caught
between two cooler
air masses.
Water in the atmosphere and Weather Pattern

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Water in the atmosphere and Weather Pattern

  • 2. WHAT DO FOGGED-UP WINDOW ON A COLD WINTER MORNING AND A BAD HAIR DAY IN COMMON?
  • 3. HUMIDITY • The amount of water vapor in the air. • Warm, tropical air tends to contain more water vapor than cold, polar air does. RELATIVE HUMIDITY -is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor that can exist at that temperature. -when relative humidity reaches 100%, AIR IS SAID TO BE SATURATED.
  • 4. RELATIVE HUMIDITY The maximum amount of water that can exist as a gas is greater at high temperature than at low temperature. Ex: After sunset, the temperature often decreases, and so the maximum amount of water vapor that the atmosphere can hold also decreases.
  • 5. Dew point • The temperature at which air becomes saturated. • If the temperature drops further, water vapor will condense. WATER VAPOR TYPICALLY CONDENSES AS: 1. DEW 3. CLOUDS OR FOG 2. FROST
  • 6. 1. DEW - Is water vapor that condenses on Earth’s surface. 2. FROST - Forms when the dew point of air is below freezing. - Is formed when water vapor in air changes directly from a gas to solid crystals.
  • 8. CLOUDS FORMATION CLOUD – is a dense, visible mass of tiny water droplets or ice crystals that are suspended in the atmosphere.  CLOUDS FORM as warm, moist air rises and water vapor condenses in the atmosphere
  • 10. CLASSIFYING CLOUDS • THREE BASIC CLOUD FORMS: 1. Stratus 2. Cumulus 3. Cirrus
  • 11. CLASSIFYING CLOUDS 1. STRATUS CLOUDS - Comes from Latin word meaning “to spread out” Nimbo- or Nimbus- -is added to a cloud’s name, it means that the cloud produces precipitation. Ex. Nimbostratus clouds Alto- -is added to a cloud’s name, it means middle- level clouds. • Altostratus clouds
  • 12. CLASSIFYING CLOUDS 2. CUMULUS CLOUDS -come from Latin for “heap” -fair-weather clouds 3. CIRRUS CLOUD - Thin, white, wispy clouds, often with a feathery or veil- like appearance. Cirros- -is used to described high- altitude clouds
  • 14. FOG -is a cloud that is near or touching the ground. -it often form when warm, moist air passes over land.
  • 15. FORMS OF PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION – occurs when water droplets or ice crystals in clouds join together and become large enough to fall to the ground without evaporating.
  • 16. THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF PRECIPITATION: RAIN SNOW SLEET HAIL FREEZING RAIN
  • 18. Air Masses It is a large body of air that has fairly uniform physical properties.
  • 19. Characteristics of Air Mass 1. Air mass must be large in size 2. Air mass must have a uniform and consistent makeup at all points within the air mass. 3. Air mass must be physically bound together, traveling across the atmosphere as a single unit.
  • 20. HOW DO AIR MASSES FORM? It forms when a large body of air becomes fairly stationary over a region of Earth’s surface or as air moves over a large, uniform region.
  • 23. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR MASSES 1. MARITIME AIR MASS - forms over water 2. CONTINENTAL AIR MASS – forms over land 3. POLAR AIR MASS – forms North of 50º or South of 50º, where it is often extremely cold. 4. TROPICAL AIR MASS – originates in the tropics, where it is warm.
  • 24. AIR MASSES THAT MOST AFFECT WEATHER • MARITIME POLAR –cold and moist, and often bring heavy precipitation to coastal areas. • CONTINENTAL POLAR – bring cold and dry air . • MARITIME TROPICAL – bring warm, moist air and are often accompanied by fog or rain. • CONTINENTAL TROPICAL – bring hot, dry air.
  • 25. FRONTS The sharply defined boundary that forms when two unlike air masses meet.
  • 27. Stationary front • When two unlike air masses have formed a boundary but neither is moving front. • Often result in clouds and steady rain or snow for several days.
  • 28. COLD FRONT Occurs when a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass. cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds Strong winds, severe thunderstorms and hail.
  • 29. Warm Front Occurs when a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass. Steady rain, heavy showers or thunderstorms.
  • 30. OCCLUDED FRONT when a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses.