Soil Weathering Formation of soil from rocks Factors acting together on rocks to form soil (Soil Formation) Minerals Properties of Minerals MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. SOIL & MINERAL
RESOURCES
Soil
Weathering
Formation of soil from rocks
Factors acting together on rocks to form soil
Minerals
Properties of Minerals
MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES

2. SOIL RESOURCES
Formation of soil from rocks
Factors acting together on rocks to form soil

3. SOIL
--is formed when rocks and other
materials near the Earth’s
surface are broken down by a
number of processes collectively
called weathering.

4. WEATHERING
• It is the process by which rocks are
chemically altered or physically broken
down into fragments at or near Earth’s
surface.
• Two Forms:
1. Mechanical Weathering – the process of
physically breaking rock into smaller
fragment.
2. Chemical Weathering – a process in
which rock is broken down by chemical
reactions.

5. SOIL FORMATION
1. When a piece of rock is exposed to the
sun, its outer part expands.

6. SOIL FORMATION
2. On cooling, at night time, the outer part of
the rock contracts or shrink.

7. SOIL FORMATION
3. Once broken down, water enters the
cracks causing some minerals to dissolve.

8. SOIL FORMATION
4. Air also enters the cracks, and oxygen in
the air combines with some elements. Once
soft and broken, bacteria and small plants
start to grow in the cracks of the rock.

9. FACTORS ACTING
TOGETHER ON ROCKS TO
FORM SOIL
1. CLIMATE – expressed as both
temperature and rainfall effects, is often
considered the most powerful soil-
forming factor.
A. Temperature – controls how fast chemical
reactions occur.
 Mature soils have more silt and clay on or
near the surface.

10. FACTORS ACTING
TOGETHER ON ROCKS TO
FORM SOIL
B. Rainfall
 Water directly affects the movement of
soluble soil nutrients from the top soil to
deep under the ground (leaching).
 Acidic Rainwater may also contribute to
the loss of minerals in soil resulting in low
field

11. MINERAL RESOURCES

12. MINERALS
--Are naturally occurring, nonliving,
solid with a definite structure and
composition.

13. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
1. Luster – is the way in which its
surface reflects light.
a. Metallic – generally opaque and exhibit
a resplendent shine similar to a polished
metal
b. Non-metallic – vitreous (glassy),
adamantine (brilliant/diamond-like),
resinous, silky, pearly, dull(earthy), greasy,
etc.

14. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
2. HARDNESS – is the resistance of a
mineral to scratching.
MOHS HARDNESS SCALE

15. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
3. COLOR – depend on what element is
present and abundant to a particular mineral

16. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
4. STREAK –the color of minerals in its
powder form.

17. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
5. Fracture – minerals that break with rough
or jagged edger.

18. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
6. CLEAVAGE –way the mineral breaks
along flat smooth surface.

19. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
7. DENSITY – depends on its chemical
composition.
 Minerals made up of elements with
higher atomic masses have higher
densities.

20. PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
8. MAGNETISM – minerals containing
iron are magnetic.
9. ACID TEST – use to find out if the
minerals contain CO3.

21. MINERAL
RESOURCES IN THE
PHILIPPINES

22. Important METALLIC MINERALS
found in various parts of the
Philippines
• Gold
• Copper
• Iron
• Chromite
• Nickel
• Cobalt
• Platinum

23. The Philippines has also varied
NONMETALLIC RESOURCES
• Sand
• Gravel
• Limestone
• Marble
• Clay
• Other quarry materials

24. THE PHILIPPINES IS LISTED
AS THE..
• 5th mineral country in the world
• 3rd in Gold reserves
• 4th in copper
• 5th in nickel

25. WHY THE PHILIPPINES IS
RICH IN MINERAL
RESOURCES?

26. Pacific Ring of Fire
 The richness of the Philippines in terms of
mineral resources is being attributed to its
location in the so-called Pacific Ring of
Fire.
 This area is associated with over 450
volcanoes and is home to approximately
75% of World’s active Volcanoes.

27. Pacific Ring of Fire

28. Pacific Ring of Fire

29. WHY ARE MINERALS
LOCATED WHERE THERE
ARE VOLCANOES?

30. ASSIGNMENT
Give a list of mineral deposits in the Philippines
and their location, and what geologic structures
(active volcanoes, faults and trenches) are
found near the location of the metallic
deposits?
Metal, in symbols Metal, in words Province/Region
where the metals
are found
Geologic
Structure near the
location of the
metallic Deposits
1.
2.
3.
4.
..
10.

31. THANK YOU! 