Sexual violence and gender based discrimination in india

1. DISCRIMINATION AND
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE`
JASLEEN KAUR
MSC(N) OBG

5. GENDER DISCRIMINATION

8. Childhood to adulthood and its
education
•Education is not wisely attained by Indian
women. Although literacy rates are increasing,
female literacy rate lags behind the male
literacy rate. Literacy Rate Census of India
2011, Literacy for females stands at 65.46%,
compared to 82.14% for males. An underlying
factor for such low literacy rates are parents'
perceptions that education for girls are a waste
of money.

12. Causes For Gender Pay Gap
Equal pay for equal work. It sounds so reasonable, it’s
hard to believe that in 2016, we’re still talking about
the gender pay gap. And yet the fact remains that there
is no country in the world where women earn the same
as men. One of the arguments used to explain – and
sometimes justify – this stubborn gap is the idea of
choice. Women simply choose to study less lucrative
subjects, enter lower-paying professions and stay
towards the bottom rungs of the career ladder. While
these choices might give them shorter working hours.

15. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE
• Violence against women is a persistent and universal
problem occurring in every culture and social group.
Around the world, at least one in every three women has
been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in
her lifetime – most often by someone she knows,
including a member of her own family, an employer or a
co-worker.
• Violence against women has been called “the most
pervasive yet least recognized human rights abuse in the
world.”

16. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE
• Gender-based violence (GBV) is violence that is
directed at an individual based on his or her
biological sex OR gender identity. It includes
physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and
psychological abuse, threats, coercion, and
economic or educational deprivation, whether
occurring in public or private life.

17. Types of Gender-Based Violence
• Overt physical abuse (includes battering, sexual
assault, at home or in the workplace).
• Psychological abuse (includes deprivation of liberty,
forced marriage, sexual harassment, at home or in
the workplace).
• Deprivation of resources needed for physical and
psychological well-being (including health care,
nutrition, education, means of livelihood).
• Treatment of women as commodities (includes
trafficking in women and girls for sexual
exploitation)

18. Facts about Gender-Based
Violence
• Around the world, at least one in every three
women has been beaten, coerced into sex, or
otherwise abused by a man in her lifetime.
• More than 20 % of women are reported to have
been abused by men with whom they live.
• Approximately 60 million women, mostly in
Asia, are “missing” – killed by infanticide,
selective abortion, deliberate under-nutrition or
lack of access to health care.

19. Facts about Gender-Based
Violence
• Among women aged 15-44 years, gender-based
violence accounts for more death and disability than
the combined effects of cancer, malaria, traffic-
related injuries and war.
• Trafficking in women and girls for sexual
exploitation by men is most common among poor
women and girls.
• Each year, 2 million girls between ages 5 and 15
are introduced into the commercial sex industry.
• Women who are victims of domestic violence are 12
times more likely to attempt suicide than those who
do not experience such violence.

20. LAW AGAINST RAPE
• Rape of women and minor children is an
offence under the Indian Penal Code (IPC),
1860, and the Protection of Children from
Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012. In 2016,
21% of the total 39,068 cases of rape were
against minor girls below the age of 16 years.
• Over the last year, several states have
introduced or passed Bills to allow death
penalty for rape of girls below the age of 12
years.
• On April 21 2018, the government
promulgated the Criminal Law (Amendment)
Ordinance, 2018.

22. RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT
• All girl children are entitled to
free education till Class 8 under the Right to
Education Act.
• To address the declining sex ratio and to
raise awareness regarding the importance
of girl education, Prime Minister Narendra
Modi launched the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao
scheme.

23. RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT
• The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme
was launched on 22 January 2015 by PM
Narendra Modi.
• It aims to address the issue of the declining
child sex ratio image (CSR) and is a national
initiative jointly run by the Ministry of Women
and Child Development, the Ministry of Health
and Family Welfare and the Ministry of Human
Resource Development.
• It initially focused multi-sector action in 100
districts throughout the country where there
was a low CSR.

24. RIGHT TO EDUCATION
ACT
• The objectives of this initiative are:
• Prevention of gender biased sex selective
elimination
• Ensuring survival & protection of the girl
child
• Ensuring education and participation of the
girl child

25. LAW AGAINST ILLEGAL
ABORTION
• Abortion of under 4 to 5-month pregnancy-
The punishment for getting an illegal abortion is
jail time of up to 3 years and/or fine.
• Abortion of over 5-month pregnancy - If abortion
takes place when mother can sense the movement
of the fetus, the punishment is higher. This is
generally known as quickening and usually takes
place between 17 and 20 weeks. Both mother and
doctor can be punished with jail time of up to
seven years and fine.
• Abortion without consent - If anyone else forces
mother to have an abortion or performs one
without female agreeing to it, the punishment is
jail time of up to 10 years and fine.

26. LAW AGAINST ILLEGAL
ABORTION
• Abortion resulting in death - If the patient
dies because of a botched abortion or an
abortion carried out by an unskilled person,
the doctor who conducted the operation
can be punished with jail time of up to 10
years and fine. If the abortion was
conducted without the patient’s permission,
the punishment is jail for life.

27. LAW FOR WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
The policy of Women Empowerment is
well established in the Fundamental
Rights of the Constitution of India which
are directly applicable to our state :- For
instance:
Article 14 ensures to women the right
to equality.
Article 15(1) specifically prohibits
discrimination on the basis of sex.
Article 15(3) empowers the State to take
affirmative actions in favour of women.

28. LAW FOR WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
Right to equal pay for equal work
Right to maternity benefits and adequate
medical care in all employments,
Right to reasonable maintenance, extending
to cases of married women who have been
divorced or abandoned,
Right to full equality in all social,
educational, political and legal matters.
Special protection against discourtesy,
defamation, hooliganism, and other forms of
misconduct.
LAW FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

29. LAW FOR ACID ATTACK
The Section 326 A in the Indian Penal
Code lays down the punishment for
acid throwing. The
minimum punishment is 10 years'
imprisonment. It can extend up to life
imprisonment with fine.

30. LAW FOR ACID ATTACK
A ban on the sale of acid in the retail
market is the only solution to stop acid
attacks.

31. LAW FOR FEMALE TRAFFICKING
• The Government of India penalizes trafficking for
commercial sexual exploitation through the
Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act (ITPA), with
prescribed penalty of seven years' to life
imprisonment.
• India also prohibits bonded and forced labour
through the Bonded Labour Abolition Act, the Child
Labour Act, and the Juvenile Justice Act.

32. LAW FOR FEMALE TRAFFICKING
• Indian authorities also use Sections 366(A) and 372
of the Indian Penal Code, prohibiting kidnapping
and selling minors into prostitution respectively, to
arrest traffickers. Penalties under these provisions
are a maximum of ten years' imprisonment and a
fine