Scaffolding components, procedure, precautions, legal compliance, checkpoints

1. Training conducted at EERC Theramx Ltd. On 24 & 25 Sep
2012 BY
Mr. V N Parbhu

2. SCAFFOLD:
“A temporary elevated platform and its
supporting structure used for supporting
workmen, materials, or both" in
the construction or repair of buildings an
d other large structures.

3. Types of scaffolds
 Categories
 Suspended
 Supported, tubular
 Rolling
 Tubular scaffolding are further
divided in 3 groups:
 Pipe & coupler ( Clamp)
 H frame
 Cuplock

4. Tubular scaffolding
 Frequently used in construction work.
 TUBE & COUPLER SCAFFOLD: “A
scaffold constructed of steel tubing that
serves as
standards, ledgers, transoms, braces, a
nd ties and specially designed scaffold
couplers that serve to connect the
various members”.

5. Independent Guard Rail (Approx 1.0 m high)
Brick Guard
Tied
Intermediate guard rail (Max gap of 470 mm)
Scaffold END OF
Toe Board (Min 150 mm high)
SCAFFOLD
Scaffolding Planks
(Deck area min of 600 mm wide)
Transom
Facade Brace
Large
Through Tie Ledger Brace Eye Bolt
Reveal Tie
Couplers at joints
Ledger
Standard
Eye Bolt
and Strap
Base Plates
Sole Plates

6. VARIOUS PARTS OF
SCAFFOLDS
 STANDARD: “Vertical scaffold tube that bears the weight of the Scaffold”.
 LEDGER: “A lengthwise horizontal scaffold tube that extends from standard
to standard, that supports the transoms and that forms a tie between the
standards”.
 TRANSOM: “A horizontal transverse scaffold member, that may support
platform units, and which is supported by at least two ledgers or connected
directly to at least two standards”.
 COUPLER: “A component or device used to fix scaffold tubes together”.
 PLANK: “An individual timber board or fabricated component that serves as
a flooring member of a platform”.
 HANDRAIL: “A barrier consisting of pipes erected to prevent workers from
falling off an elevated work area”.
 TOE BOARD: A barrier min 150 mm height to prevent slip/fall of material
from platform.
 MID RAIL
 MUDSILL(SOLE PLATE): IT IS A WOODEN PLATE THAT IS USED TO
DISTRIBUTE THE SCAFFOLDING LOAD OVER A SUITABLE GROUND
AREA.
 BASE PLATE:
 DIAGONAL BRACING
 ACCESS LADDER

9. MUDSILL(SOLE PLATE)
 IT IS A WOODEN PLATE THAT IS USED
TO DISTRIBUTE THE SCAFFOLDING
LOAD OVER A SUITABLE GROUND
AREA.
 THE SIZE OF MUDSILL IS DETERMINED
BY THE LOAD CARRIED OVER A
PARTICULAR GROUND AREA, AND BY
THE NATURE OF THE SOIL
SUPPORTING THESE SILLS.

11. BASE PLATE
 IT SPREADS CROSS-
SECTIONAL AREA OF
THE STANDARD TO
LARGE AREA.
 IT PREVENTS SINKING
OF STANDARDS.
 IT PREVENTS
OVERTURNING OF
SCAFFOLD.
 IT CARRIES THE
WEIGHT OF
SCAFFOLD.

12. Guardrail & Midrail
“These barriers used to prevent fall of any persons from
platform.”
 General Requirements for guardrail & midrail:-
 NOMINAL DIA.- AT LEAST 1.5 INCHES.
 SPACING OF POSTS- NOT MORE THAN 8 FEET.
 MUST BE CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING A LOAD OF
200 POUNDS WHEN APPLIED FROM ANY
DIRECTION & AT ANY POINT ON THE TOP RAIL.
 THE HEIGHT OF TOP RAILSHOULD BE 42 INCHES
FROM THE TOP OF RAIL TO PLATFORM LEVEL.
 MIDRAIL TO BE PLACED HALF WAY.

13. TOEBOARD
 HEIGHT OF TOE BOARD SHOULD BE AT
LEAST 4 INCHES.
 TO BE MOUNTED WITHIN ¼ INCHES OF
THE WORKING PLATFORM.
 PURPOSE IS TO STOP SUDDEN TRAVEL
OF A PERSON ON SCAFFOLD PLATFORM
AFTER SLIPPING.

14.  MANY FATAL ACCIDENTS HAVE OCCURRED WHEN PERSONS HAVE
FALLEN DOWN FROM A SCAFFOLD DURING THE PROCESS OF
CLIMBING OR WHILE GETTING DOWN.
 MUST PROVIDE SAFE ACCESS TO SCAFFOLD & SCAFFOLD
PLATFORM.
 THE BOTTOM STEP OR RUNG OF LADDER ( hook-on ladder , attachable
ladder or stairway type ladder whichever the case may be ) MUST NOT
BE MORE THAN 24 INCHES ABOVE OR BELOW THE SCAFFOLD
SUPPORTING LEVEL.
 FOR SUPPORTED SCAFFOLDS OF MORE THAN 35 FEET HEIGHT
, PROVIDE A REST PLATFORM AT 35 FEET HEIGHT.
 PROVIDE A REST PLATFORM EVERY 12 FEET IN CASE OF STAIRWAY
TYPE ACCESS LADDER
 Rungs should be round type only.

15. ACCESS LADDER

18. 5 MAJOR MISHAPS.
1. Person falling while climbing up or
coming down.
2. Person falling from the working
platform / deck.
3. Objects falling from a scaffold on to
someone below.
4. Object falling from above on to a
worker on the scaffold.
5. Tilting of scaffold or collapse of
scaffold.

19. TAGS
 Types:-
 a) Caution Tag
 b)Danger Tag
 c)Ok Tag
Important Features of Tags-
 Abrasive and chemical resistance
 Water Proof(salt water/steam resistance)
 Ultraviolet radiation
 High visibility
 Made as per privilege standard
 Reusable feature
 Color as per the message
 Size & thickness of letters as per standard

20.  Standard components of Tags:-
 Name of company
 Message
 Maximum weight to be kept on platform
 Name & signature of competent person
 Date of signing
 Inspection date
 According to BOCW Act tags & warning signs must be in
local language.
 According to Factory Act:-
All notices required by or under this Act to be displayed in a factory
shall be in English and in a language understood by the majority
of the workers in the factory, and shall be displayed at some
conspicuous and convenient place

22. Applicable Act’s:-
BOCW ACT 1996
&
FACTORIES ACT 1948

23. BOCW ACT 1996
 Chapter XXIII
 Scaffold
 215. Scaffold construction
 216. Supervision by a responsible person
 217. Maintenance
 218. Standards, ledger, putlogs
 219. Working platform
 220. Board, plank and decking
 221. Repair of damaged scaffold
 222. Opening
 223. Guardrails

24. BOCW ACT 1996
 224. Scaffold used by building workers of
different employers
 225. Protection against electric power line
 226. Screening net and wire-nets
 227. Tower scaffold
 228. Gear for suspension of scaffold
 229. Trestle scaffold and cantilever scaffold:-
 230. Scaffold supported by building
 231. Use of winches and climbers for
suspended scaffold
 232. Safety devices for suspended scaffold

25. FACTORIES ACT 1948
 Under Section 32:-
 (c) when any person has to work at a
height from where he is likely to
fall, provision shall be made, so far as is
reasonably practicable, by fencing or
otherwise, to ensure the safety of the
person so working.
 {Here Act clearly indicates there must be
“Prevent fall” rather than additional
provision’s like safety ne etc.}

26. Inspection Points
 Scaffold must be
 inspected and should
 be documented at start
 of each shift or after
 modifications by a
 competent person
 . Do a Visual Inspection
 for Obvious Issues:
 . Access
 . Full Planking
 . Guardrails
 . Plumbness

27.  Competent Person Checklist:
 1. When was the last time the scaffold was inspected?
 2. Were the planks looked at? (checked for saw cuts, fungi, dents,
 face breaks, and splits)
 3. Is there a ladder? (obstructed access, three feet above, within
two
 feet of the bottom, built in)
 4. Who trained the erecting & dismantling crew?
 5. Last time the users were trained?
 6. What is the maximum intended load of this scaffold?
 7. What is the maximum load you intend to put on it?
 8. Plum, square, level?
 9. Base plates, mudsills?.(what is the foundation like)
 10. Working levels fully planked? (holes, max. 9 1/2.)
 11. Extensions of planks over the end frame? (6.-12.)
 12. Fall protection? (when & what)
 13. Securing the scaffold at 4:1? (width of frame)
 Maintain clearance near ALL power lines
 Scaffolding must be fully Planked