SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 45
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
PANEL DISCUSSION OF THE MEXTESOL
            JOURNAL

 MAKING WRITING AND
 PUBLISHING A REALITY
        Puerto Vallarta 2012
PANEL DISCUSSION
• Introduction of panelists, M. Martha Lengeling, Universidad de
  Guanajuato
• Reasons to publish, M. Martha Lengeling
• The writing process, how to structure introduction sections,
  Clare Marie Roche, Universidad Regional del Sureste
• The process of publishing (with a focus on the MEXTESOL
  Journal), Uli Schrader, freelance
• Review Format, Ma Guadalupe Rodriguez Bulnes, Univ Aut. De
  Nuevo Leon
• Ethics, Rebeca E. Tapia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
  Puebla
• What to do if you are not accepted, JoAnn Miller, freelance
• Questions and answers, M. Martha Lengeling
M. Martha Lengeling

Introduction to panelists
 The whys of publishing
Reasons to publish
• Give voice to your ideas and opinions
• Representation of your self as a
  professional
• Updating of topics within the field
• Reading within your profession
• Sense of accomplishment
• Improvement in writing
More reasons
• More and more part of academic life
  (Beca, SNI, Perfil Deseable)
• Necessary for higher academic
  institutions
• Promotes analytical skills
• Part of your profession, contribution
  to your profession
• Why not
Clare Marie Roche

 • The writing process
MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012
MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012
Move 1: Establish the Research Territory
• By showing that the general research area is important,
  central, interesting, problematic, or relevant in some way.
• By introducing and reviewing items of previous research
  in the area.

Move 2: Establish the Gap
• By indicating a gap in the previous research, raising a
  question about it, or extending previous knowledge in some
  way.

Move 3: Occupy Gap
• By outlining the purpose of the present research.
• By announcing the principal findings.
• By indicating the structure of the paper.
Think of your Article as
          Contributing to a Conversation
• The INTRODUCTION
   o tells the reader that this area
     of investigation is
     IMPORTANT.
   o There are things we know
     (that literature review) and
     something we don’t (the gap).
     You intend to fill that gap.
• You will fill the gap by
  conducting an investigation
  that is careful, methodical,
  and performed according to
  accepted practice of study
  in the field. This is the
  METHOD section.
• Further you found something
  that is interesting and worthy
  of reporting.
   o   You will tell us what you found.
       This is the RESULTS section.

• Finally, you will want to
  explain why you got those
  results and how they compare
  to others who have
  investigated this area in some
  way.
   o You will need to tell us what the
     limitations of your study are, and
     what future work might be
     warranted.
   o Thus you discuss with us the way
     your work has changed the field.
     This is the DISCUSSION.
• Swales, J.M. & Feak, D.B. (2004). Academic Writing
  for Graduate Students. Michigan U Press.

• Weissberg, R. & Buker, S. (1990). Writing Up
  Research: Experimental Research Report Writing for
  Students of English. Prentice Hall.

• Hamp-Lyons, L. & Heasley, B. (2006). Study Writing:
  A Course in Writing Skills for Academic Purposes. 2nd
  Edition. Cambridge.
Uli Schrader

   The MEXTESOL Journal:
From the reception of an article to
           publication
• A) An author requests information about
  submitting an article before submitting the
  article
• The Editor-in-Chief sends the author the
  following documents:
  – The Editorial Policy of the Journal
  – The brief Manuscript Guidelines
  – The Article Review Format
    (as a guide for the final preparation of the article)
• and answers any other questions.
B) An already finished article is received by the Editor-in-Chief
The process for publishing (or not) an article which is received by the
Editor-in-Chief is as follows:

1)The Editor-in-Chief receives the article (which includes whether the
author would like the article to be refereed or not) and looks it over to
determine its general suitability for the MEXTESOL Journal, and that
it is complete. She writes the author acknowledging receipt of the
article and informs the author of the following steps.

2) The Editor sends the article to the appropriate Associate Editor (for
Refereed or Non-refereed Articles) who, in turn will also read it and
make a tentative decision regarding its suitability and its status as a
refereed or non-refereed article. In some cases, the Editor might
suggest that the article be sent for mentoring before it is sent to the
readers.
5) Meanwhile, the two readers read and evaluate the article
according to the Review Format, and determine if the
article is accepted, rejected or given a conditioned
acceptance status.
6) The Associate Editor receives the evaluations from the
readers and if they concur, sends them on to the author. If
the two readers have divergent opinions, then a third reader
is consulted.
7) Usually the author is asked to make revisions according
to the comments received. The Associate Editor relays
information and the manuscript back and forth between the
author and the readers as often as necessary until the article
has the complete approval of all involved.
8) The Associate Editor now turns the article over
to the Style Editor who makes a final reading for
editing and proofreading purposes. If additional
changes are necessary, there may be further
correspondence between the Style Editor and the
Associate Editor, who communicates with the
authors.

9) The Production Editor checks the references and
works with the author regarding any clarifications.
10) The authors are asked to provide an
unformatted final manuscript according to specific
guidelines and submit it to the production manager.
Suggestions are often made to make the article
more presentable for an online format, e.g. color,
image resolution, etc.

11) The author is informed of the final acceptance
of the article and the approximate publication date.
12) After the article is published, the author
receives a letter from the Editor- in-Chief that the
article has been published and is given the official
publication reference information.
For non-refereed articles:
The Associate Editor for Non-refereed articles and
one other reviewer decide if the article is accepted
for publication in the Journal and work together
with the author to prepare the manuscript for
publication.
Rebeca E. Tapia

   Ethics
Ethics in research: Beliefs and
           experience
    Dra. Rebeca E. Tapia Carlín
              BUAP
Aspects to consider
1.Negotiating and maintaining access to
  research site
2.Obtaining informed consent
3.Protecting the identity of participants
4.Avoiding plagiarism

                               (Saldaña, 2003)
1. Negotiating and maintaining
      access to research site
• It is important to get permission from the
  authorities to conduct research (Richards,
  2003; Tapia, 2008).
• If the participants are children it is necessary
  to tell their parents and to get their
  consent (Bell, 1993), or give them the right
  to consent or withdraw (Saldaña, 2003).
2. Obtaining informed consent
• Participants need to agree to participate and
  should have the right to refuse to do it.
• Participants need to be informed about the
  purpose of the research, about their identity
  protection and know they will not receive any
  harm.
• The researcher must obtain the consent
  from the participants in the study.
               (Richards, 2003; Saldaña, 2003)
3. Protecting the identity of
            participants
• It is necessary to change all
  participants’names, including that of an
  identifying site, to pseudonyms guaranteeing
  anonymity especially if requested by the
  participant.

                (Saldaña, 2003; Tapia, 2008)
4. Avoiding plagiarism
• Honesty is crucial when conducting
  research.
• Taking someone else’s work without
  acknowledging that it is not acceptable in
  research.
• It is necessary to report the sources used to
  avoid plagiarism, especially when doing the
  Literature Review.
                                (Tapia, 2008)
Lupita Rodríguez Bulnes

   • The review format
MEXTESOL JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW FORMAT FOR
NON-REFEREED ARTICLES
TITLE OF THE ARTICLE


DATE RECEIVED


Please mark the appropriate column. (You can also write comments in the spaces as
appropriate and use as much space as necessary.)

In the last column (marked in grey) the author(s) will write where any corrections have
been made after the original review process. This information will help the reviewers
locate the corrections easily.
MEXTESOL JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW FORMAT
TITLE OF THE ARTICLE ______________________________
DATE RECEIVED ____________________________________
Please mark the appropriate column. (You can also write comments in the spaces
as appropriate and use as much space as necessary)
                                 YES NO NEEDS WORK
 1. The article is suitable for the Mextesol Journal readership.
 2. The article contains some original ideas and contributes to EFL / ESL research
    or teaching.
 3. The article has a clear focus/sequence throughout .
 4. The article shows evidence of sufficient background reading and state-of-the-art
    research on the topic.
 5. The article contains an appropriate balance between theory and practical
    applications to the classroom .
 6. The article is well organized and contains all the relevant sections marked with
    subheadings.
 7. The article has a clear introduction stating the purpose of the article and a well
    thought-out thesis statement.
 8. The ideas are clear and relatively easy to read and follow.
 9. (If research-based) The research is clearly presented and contains all the
    relevant elements. Enough information is given to be able to replicate the study.
MEXTESOL JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW FORMAT cont.
10. The linguistic level and the mechanics of writing are appropriate for
publication.
11. There is effective diction (appropriate use of words) and effective usage
(appropriate use of language).
12. The conclusion shows a summary of and a personal reflection on the
ideas expressed in the article.
13. The references and quotations are clear. The bibliography is updated
and relevant. (If a historical review, there is a good chronological sequence
and follow-up relevant to the topic.)

Article status Definite Yes _________
(Pease mark) Definite No __________
Conditioned Yes ______

SPECIFIC COMMENTS FOR THE AUTHOR:
JoAnn Miller

• What to do if you are not accepted
MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012
MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012
MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012
MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012
MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012
Did you proofread?
Did someone else read it before you sent it in?
What about the title?




Was it too long? Too short?
MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012
Was it a good topic?
Were your ideas understood?
Were they your words?
One at a time
MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012
If at first you don’t succeed,
   write, re-write again….

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Article writing process_Literature review Day 2 article_writing_note
Article writing process_Literature review Day 2 article_writing_noteArticle writing process_Literature review Day 2 article_writing_note
Article writing process_Literature review Day 2 article_writing_noteAshok Pandey
 
Writing the literature review
Writing the literature reviewWriting the literature review
Writing the literature reviewAriadne Rooney
 
Writing A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy Minh
Writing A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy MinhWriting A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy Minh
Writing A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy Minhenglishonecfl
 
Research Methodology Module-03
Research Methodology Module-03Research Methodology Module-03
Research Methodology Module-03Kishor Ade
 
Steps To Write A Literature Review
Steps To Write A Literature ReviewSteps To Write A Literature Review
Steps To Write A Literature ReviewRukshala Weerasinghe
 
How to write a dissertation literature review chapter
How to write a dissertation literature review chapterHow to write a dissertation literature review chapter
How to write a dissertation literature review chapterThe Free School
 
Annotated Bibliography: Handout in support of learning outcomes
Annotated Bibliography: Handout in support of learning outcomesAnnotated Bibliography: Handout in support of learning outcomes
Annotated Bibliography: Handout in support of learning outcomesJulie Anne Kent
 
Literature review
Literature reviewLiterature review
Literature reviewunmgrc
 
How to Write a Research Paper
How to Write a Research Paper How to Write a Research Paper
How to Write a Research Paper Jamaica Olazo
 
Content (reading & writing)
Content (reading & writing)Content (reading & writing)
Content (reading & writing)Melanio Florino
 
Literature review outline tips
 Literature review outline tips Literature review outline tips
Literature review outline tipslevibaxter
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Doing a Literature Review
Doing a Literature ReviewDoing a Literature Review
Doing a Literature Review
 
Article writing process_Literature review Day 2 article_writing_note
Article writing process_Literature review Day 2 article_writing_noteArticle writing process_Literature review Day 2 article_writing_note
Article writing process_Literature review Day 2 article_writing_note
 
Writing the literature review
Writing the literature reviewWriting the literature review
Writing the literature review
 
Literature review
Literature reviewLiterature review
Literature review
 
Literature Review
Literature ReviewLiterature Review
Literature Review
 
Literature review - An Introduction
Literature review - An IntroductionLiterature review - An Introduction
Literature review - An Introduction
 
Writing A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy Minh
Writing A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy MinhWriting A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy Minh
Writing A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy Minh
 
Research Methodology Module-03
Research Methodology Module-03Research Methodology Module-03
Research Methodology Module-03
 
How To Write Literature Review
How To Write Literature ReviewHow To Write Literature Review
How To Write Literature Review
 
Steps To Write A Literature Review
Steps To Write A Literature ReviewSteps To Write A Literature Review
Steps To Write A Literature Review
 
How to write a dissertation literature review chapter
How to write a dissertation literature review chapterHow to write a dissertation literature review chapter
How to write a dissertation literature review chapter
 
Annotated Bibliography: Handout in support of learning outcomes
Annotated Bibliography: Handout in support of learning outcomesAnnotated Bibliography: Handout in support of learning outcomes
Annotated Bibliography: Handout in support of learning outcomes
 
Literature review
Literature reviewLiterature review
Literature review
 
FORMAT IN RESEARCH PAPER
FORMAT IN RESEARCH PAPERFORMAT IN RESEARCH PAPER
FORMAT IN RESEARCH PAPER
 
Literature survey
Literature surveyLiterature survey
Literature survey
 
Literature review
Literature reviewLiterature review
Literature review
 
How to Write a Research Paper
How to Write a Research Paper How to Write a Research Paper
How to Write a Research Paper
 
Content (reading & writing)
Content (reading & writing)Content (reading & writing)
Content (reading & writing)
 
Literature review outline tips
 Literature review outline tips Literature review outline tips
Literature review outline tips
 
Review of literature
Review of literatureReview of literature
Review of literature
 

Andere mochten auch

Why Spend a Semester Studying in Budapest?
Why Spend a Semester Studying in Budapest?Why Spend a Semester Studying in Budapest?
Why Spend a Semester Studying in Budapest?Andrew Kun
 
Spayusa Intermed Fundraising Finalcompressed
Spayusa Intermed Fundraising FinalcompressedSpayusa Intermed Fundraising Finalcompressed
Spayusa Intermed Fundraising Finalcompressedjlandsman
 
2007 Web2.0 Service
2007 Web2.0 Service 2007 Web2.0 Service
2007 Web2.0 Service Jin Lee
 
Richard Devos Donates $ 10 Million To Christian Schools
Richard Devos Donates  $ 10 Million To Christian SchoolsRichard Devos Donates  $ 10 Million To Christian Schools
Richard Devos Donates $ 10 Million To Christian Schoolsdty Trivedi
 
Studying at UNH: Education and Research Opportunities
Studying at UNH: Education and Research OpportunitiesStudying at UNH: Education and Research Opportunities
Studying at UNH: Education and Research OpportunitiesAndrew Kun
 
Internet life skills wb
Internet life skills wbInternet life skills wb
Internet life skills wbJoAnn MIller
 
In-Car Speech User Interfaces and their Effects on Driver Cognitive Load
In-Car Speech User Interfaces and their Effects on Driver Cognitive LoadIn-Car Speech User Interfaces and their Effects on Driver Cognitive Load
In-Car Speech User Interfaces and their Effects on Driver Cognitive LoadAndrew Kun
 
2007 User Inspired Design
2007 User Inspired Design 2007 User Inspired Design
2007 User Inspired Design Jin Lee
 
NYT Innovation Report 2014
NYT Innovation Report 2014NYT Innovation Report 2014
NYT Innovation Report 2014Razin Mustafiz
 
Technologies that will transform small business
Technologies that will transform small businessTechnologies that will transform small business
Technologies that will transform small businessSuhag Mistry
 
2005 Culture Marketing
2005 Culture Marketing2005 Culture Marketing
2005 Culture MarketingJin Lee
 
Smash-ability - supporting your brand in the widgetsphere / Jenni Lloyd / Oct 08
Smash-ability - supporting your brand in the widgetsphere / Jenni Lloyd / Oct 08Smash-ability - supporting your brand in the widgetsphere / Jenni Lloyd / Oct 08
Smash-ability - supporting your brand in the widgetsphere / Jenni Lloyd / Oct 08Jenni Lloyd
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Why Spend a Semester Studying in Budapest?
Why Spend a Semester Studying in Budapest?Why Spend a Semester Studying in Budapest?
Why Spend a Semester Studying in Budapest?
 
Spayusa Intermed Fundraising Finalcompressed
Spayusa Intermed Fundraising FinalcompressedSpayusa Intermed Fundraising Finalcompressed
Spayusa Intermed Fundraising Finalcompressed
 
0318
03180318
0318
 
καυτές πατάτες 6
καυτές πατάτες 6καυτές πατάτες 6
καυτές πατάτες 6
 
2007 Web2.0 Service
2007 Web2.0 Service 2007 Web2.0 Service
2007 Web2.0 Service
 
Gmailaccount
GmailaccountGmailaccount
Gmailaccount
 
0127
01270127
0127
 
Richard Devos Donates $ 10 Million To Christian Schools
Richard Devos Donates  $ 10 Million To Christian SchoolsRichard Devos Donates  $ 10 Million To Christian Schools
Richard Devos Donates $ 10 Million To Christian Schools
 
Studying at UNH: Education and Research Opportunities
Studying at UNH: Education and Research OpportunitiesStudying at UNH: Education and Research Opportunities
Studying at UNH: Education and Research Opportunities
 
Internet life skills wb
Internet life skills wbInternet life skills wb
Internet life skills wb
 
In-Car Speech User Interfaces and their Effects on Driver Cognitive Load
In-Car Speech User Interfaces and their Effects on Driver Cognitive LoadIn-Car Speech User Interfaces and their Effects on Driver Cognitive Load
In-Car Speech User Interfaces and their Effects on Driver Cognitive Load
 
Moviemaker
MoviemakerMoviemaker
Moviemaker
 
2007 User Inspired Design
2007 User Inspired Design 2007 User Inspired Design
2007 User Inspired Design
 
0505
05050505
0505
 
NYT Innovation Report 2014
NYT Innovation Report 2014NYT Innovation Report 2014
NYT Innovation Report 2014
 
Technologies that will transform small business
Technologies that will transform small businessTechnologies that will transform small business
Technologies that will transform small business
 
2005 Culture Marketing
2005 Culture Marketing2005 Culture Marketing
2005 Culture Marketing
 
1209
12091209
1209
 
0324
03240324
0324
 
Smash-ability - supporting your brand in the widgetsphere / Jenni Lloyd / Oct 08
Smash-ability - supporting your brand in the widgetsphere / Jenni Lloyd / Oct 08Smash-ability - supporting your brand in the widgetsphere / Jenni Lloyd / Oct 08
Smash-ability - supporting your brand in the widgetsphere / Jenni Lloyd / Oct 08
 

Ähnlich wie MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012

Publications in Research Journals
Publications in Research JournalsPublications in Research Journals
Publications in Research JournalsKnihovnaUTB
 
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi sinta 2
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi  sinta 2Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi  sinta 2
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi sinta 2Faisal Pak
 
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi sinta 2 copy
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi  sinta 2   copyTata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi  sinta 2   copy
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi sinta 2 copyFaisal Pak
 
Scientific research and publication walk through
Scientific research and publication walk throughScientific research and publication walk through
Scientific research and publication walk throughRoshni Mehta
 
Seminar Course instruction .ppt
Seminar Course instruction .pptSeminar Course instruction .ppt
Seminar Course instruction .pptMeymunaMohammed1
 
Introduction for scintfic writing
Introduction for scintfic writingIntroduction for scintfic writing
Introduction for scintfic writingNahid Sherbini
 
Nzcom writing for the journal.pptx with sound
Nzcom writing for the journal.pptx with soundNzcom writing for the journal.pptx with sound
Nzcom writing for the journal.pptx with soundNZCollegeofMidwives
 
Writing a research proposal.pptx
Writing a research proposal.pptxWriting a research proposal.pptx
Writing a research proposal.pptxAlKMic
 
Essay TopicName(s) Category54321You.docx
Essay TopicName(s)  Category54321You.docxEssay TopicName(s)  Category54321You.docx
Essay TopicName(s) Category54321You.docxdebishakespeare
 
Taylor & Francis: Author and Researcher Workshop
Taylor & Francis: Author and Researcher WorkshopTaylor & Francis: Author and Researcher Workshop
Taylor & Francis: Author and Researcher WorkshopSIBiUSP
 
How to write a medical original article
How to write a medical original articleHow to write a medical original article
How to write a medical original articleElsayed Salih
 
Writing a Research Paper
Writing a Research PaperWriting a Research Paper
Writing a Research PaperPadma Metta
 
The Peer Review Process
The Peer Review ProcessThe Peer Review Process
The Peer Review ProcessMike Crabb
 
Research problem, indexing, scopus, web and publication strategies
Research problem, indexing, scopus, web and publication strategiesResearch problem, indexing, scopus, web and publication strategies
Research problem, indexing, scopus, web and publication strategiesDr Kirpa Ram Jangra
 

Ähnlich wie MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012 (20)

Publications in Research Journals
Publications in Research JournalsPublications in Research Journals
Publications in Research Journals
 
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi sinta 2
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi  sinta 2Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi  sinta 2
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi sinta 2
 
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi sinta 2 copy
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi  sinta 2   copyTata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi  sinta 2   copy
Tata kelola jurnal menuju akreditasi sinta 2 copy
 
Journals.pptx
Journals.pptxJournals.pptx
Journals.pptx
 
Thesis presentation
Thesis presentationThesis presentation
Thesis presentation
 
Scientific research and publication walk through
Scientific research and publication walk throughScientific research and publication walk through
Scientific research and publication walk through
 
Seminar Course instruction .ppt
Seminar Course instruction .pptSeminar Course instruction .ppt
Seminar Course instruction .ppt
 
Scientific research writing and types of scientific artiles
Scientific research writing and types of scientific artilesScientific research writing and types of scientific artiles
Scientific research writing and types of scientific artiles
 
Introduction for scintfic writing
Introduction for scintfic writingIntroduction for scintfic writing
Introduction for scintfic writing
 
Nzcom writing for the journal.pptx with sound
Nzcom writing for the journal.pptx with soundNzcom writing for the journal.pptx with sound
Nzcom writing for the journal.pptx with sound
 
Writing a research proposal.pptx
Writing a research proposal.pptxWriting a research proposal.pptx
Writing a research proposal.pptx
 
RRL.pptx
RRL.pptxRRL.pptx
RRL.pptx
 
Essay TopicName(s) Category54321You.docx
Essay TopicName(s)  Category54321You.docxEssay TopicName(s)  Category54321You.docx
Essay TopicName(s) Category54321You.docx
 
lrm.pptx
lrm.pptxlrm.pptx
lrm.pptx
 
How to write a journal and conference paper
How to write a journal and conference paperHow to write a journal and conference paper
How to write a journal and conference paper
 
Taylor & Francis: Author and Researcher Workshop
Taylor & Francis: Author and Researcher WorkshopTaylor & Francis: Author and Researcher Workshop
Taylor & Francis: Author and Researcher Workshop
 
How to write a medical original article
How to write a medical original articleHow to write a medical original article
How to write a medical original article
 
Writing a Research Paper
Writing a Research PaperWriting a Research Paper
Writing a Research Paper
 
The Peer Review Process
The Peer Review ProcessThe Peer Review Process
The Peer Review Process
 
Research problem, indexing, scopus, web and publication strategies
Research problem, indexing, scopus, web and publication strategiesResearch problem, indexing, scopus, web and publication strategies
Research problem, indexing, scopus, web and publication strategies
 

Mehr von JoAnn MIller

Oral Exams and Rubrics: An introduction
Oral Exams and Rubrics: An introductionOral Exams and Rubrics: An introduction
Oral Exams and Rubrics: An introductionJoAnn MIller
 
Rediscovering discovery techniques 2011
Rediscovering discovery techniques 2011Rediscovering discovery techniques 2011
Rediscovering discovery techniques 2011JoAnn MIller
 
Accuracy and fluency 09
Accuracy and fluency 09Accuracy and fluency 09
Accuracy and fluency 09JoAnn MIller
 
Re-examining listening comprehension
Re-examining listening comprehensionRe-examining listening comprehension
Re-examining listening comprehensionJoAnn MIller
 
Using projects to increase interaction
Using projects to increase interactionUsing projects to increase interaction
Using projects to increase interactionJoAnn MIller
 
Communication strategies el salvador10-2hr-wb
Communication strategies el salvador10-2hr-wbCommunication strategies el salvador10-2hr-wb
Communication strategies el salvador10-2hr-wbJoAnn MIller
 
Communicative testing written and oral-cccn--wb
Communicative testing written and oral-cccn--wbCommunicative testing written and oral-cccn--wb
Communicative testing written and oral-cccn--wbJoAnn MIller
 
Me write an exam ucr-wb
Me write an exam ucr-wbMe write an exam ucr-wb
Me write an exam ucr-wbJoAnn MIller
 
Me, write an exam?
Me, write an exam?Me, write an exam?
Me, write an exam?JoAnn MIller
 
What’s New With Web 2.0?
What’s New With  Web 2.0?What’s New With  Web 2.0?
What’s New With Web 2.0?JoAnn MIller
 
Digital Storytelling
Digital StorytellingDigital Storytelling
Digital StorytellingJoAnn MIller
 
Are You A Prof Col Wb
Are You A Prof Col WbAre You A Prof Col Wb
Are You A Prof Col WbJoAnn MIller
 
Using Projects To Increase Interaction at the University level
Using Projects To Increase Interaction at the University levelUsing Projects To Increase Interaction at the University level
Using Projects To Increase Interaction at the University levelJoAnn MIller
 
Reading: Comprehension, Strategies and Activities
Reading: Comprehension, Strategies and ActivitiesReading: Comprehension, Strategies and Activities
Reading: Comprehension, Strategies and ActivitiesJoAnn MIller
 
Exam Writing Slideshare
Exam Writing SlideshareExam Writing Slideshare
Exam Writing SlideshareJoAnn MIller
 
Using Student Made Activities, Exercises And
Using Student Made Activities, Exercises AndUsing Student Made Activities, Exercises And
Using Student Made Activities, Exercises AndJoAnn MIller
 
Rethinking Grammar 2
Rethinking Grammar 2Rethinking Grammar 2
Rethinking Grammar 2JoAnn MIller
 

Mehr von JoAnn MIller (18)

Oral Exams and Rubrics: An introduction
Oral Exams and Rubrics: An introductionOral Exams and Rubrics: An introduction
Oral Exams and Rubrics: An introduction
 
Rediscovering discovery techniques 2011
Rediscovering discovery techniques 2011Rediscovering discovery techniques 2011
Rediscovering discovery techniques 2011
 
Accuracy and fluency 09
Accuracy and fluency 09Accuracy and fluency 09
Accuracy and fluency 09
 
Re-examining listening comprehension
Re-examining listening comprehensionRe-examining listening comprehension
Re-examining listening comprehension
 
Using projects to increase interaction
Using projects to increase interactionUsing projects to increase interaction
Using projects to increase interaction
 
Communication strategies el salvador10-2hr-wb
Communication strategies el salvador10-2hr-wbCommunication strategies el salvador10-2hr-wb
Communication strategies el salvador10-2hr-wb
 
Communicative testing written and oral-cccn--wb
Communicative testing written and oral-cccn--wbCommunicative testing written and oral-cccn--wb
Communicative testing written and oral-cccn--wb
 
Me write an exam ucr-wb
Me write an exam ucr-wbMe write an exam ucr-wb
Me write an exam ucr-wb
 
Me, write an exam?
Me, write an exam?Me, write an exam?
Me, write an exam?
 
What’s New With Web 2.0?
What’s New With  Web 2.0?What’s New With  Web 2.0?
What’s New With Web 2.0?
 
Digital Storytelling
Digital StorytellingDigital Storytelling
Digital Storytelling
 
Are You A Prof Col Wb
Are You A Prof Col WbAre You A Prof Col Wb
Are You A Prof Col Wb
 
Process Writing
Process WritingProcess Writing
Process Writing
 
Using Projects To Increase Interaction at the University level
Using Projects To Increase Interaction at the University levelUsing Projects To Increase Interaction at the University level
Using Projects To Increase Interaction at the University level
 
Reading: Comprehension, Strategies and Activities
Reading: Comprehension, Strategies and ActivitiesReading: Comprehension, Strategies and Activities
Reading: Comprehension, Strategies and Activities
 
Exam Writing Slideshare
Exam Writing SlideshareExam Writing Slideshare
Exam Writing Slideshare
 
Using Student Made Activities, Exercises And
Using Student Made Activities, Exercises AndUsing Student Made Activities, Exercises And
Using Student Made Activities, Exercises And
 
Rethinking Grammar 2
Rethinking Grammar 2Rethinking Grammar 2
Rethinking Grammar 2
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Dr. Asif Anas
 
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....Riddhi Kevadiya
 
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxSlides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxCapitolTechU
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfDepartment of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfMohonDas
 
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxraviapr7
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptxmary850239
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
 
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
 
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxSlides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic SupportMarch 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfDepartment of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
 
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
 

MEXTESOL Journal panel, 2012

  • 1. PANEL DISCUSSION OF THE MEXTESOL JOURNAL MAKING WRITING AND PUBLISHING A REALITY Puerto Vallarta 2012
  • 2. PANEL DISCUSSION • Introduction of panelists, M. Martha Lengeling, Universidad de Guanajuato • Reasons to publish, M. Martha Lengeling • The writing process, how to structure introduction sections, Clare Marie Roche, Universidad Regional del Sureste • The process of publishing (with a focus on the MEXTESOL Journal), Uli Schrader, freelance • Review Format, Ma Guadalupe Rodriguez Bulnes, Univ Aut. De Nuevo Leon • Ethics, Rebeca E. Tapia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla • What to do if you are not accepted, JoAnn Miller, freelance • Questions and answers, M. Martha Lengeling
  • 3. M. Martha Lengeling Introduction to panelists The whys of publishing
  • 4. Reasons to publish • Give voice to your ideas and opinions • Representation of your self as a professional • Updating of topics within the field • Reading within your profession • Sense of accomplishment • Improvement in writing
  • 5. More reasons • More and more part of academic life (Beca, SNI, Perfil Deseable) • Necessary for higher academic institutions • Promotes analytical skills • Part of your profession, contribution to your profession • Why not
  • 6. Clare Marie Roche • The writing process
  • 9. Move 1: Establish the Research Territory • By showing that the general research area is important, central, interesting, problematic, or relevant in some way. • By introducing and reviewing items of previous research in the area. Move 2: Establish the Gap • By indicating a gap in the previous research, raising a question about it, or extending previous knowledge in some way. Move 3: Occupy Gap • By outlining the purpose of the present research. • By announcing the principal findings. • By indicating the structure of the paper.
  • 10. Think of your Article as Contributing to a Conversation • The INTRODUCTION o tells the reader that this area of investigation is IMPORTANT. o There are things we know (that literature review) and something we don’t (the gap). You intend to fill that gap. • You will fill the gap by conducting an investigation that is careful, methodical, and performed according to accepted practice of study in the field. This is the METHOD section.
  • 11. • Further you found something that is interesting and worthy of reporting. o You will tell us what you found. This is the RESULTS section. • Finally, you will want to explain why you got those results and how they compare to others who have investigated this area in some way. o You will need to tell us what the limitations of your study are, and what future work might be warranted. o Thus you discuss with us the way your work has changed the field. This is the DISCUSSION.
  • 12. • Swales, J.M. & Feak, D.B. (2004). Academic Writing for Graduate Students. Michigan U Press. • Weissberg, R. & Buker, S. (1990). Writing Up Research: Experimental Research Report Writing for Students of English. Prentice Hall. • Hamp-Lyons, L. & Heasley, B. (2006). Study Writing: A Course in Writing Skills for Academic Purposes. 2nd Edition. Cambridge.
  • 13. Uli Schrader The MEXTESOL Journal: From the reception of an article to publication
  • 14. • A) An author requests information about submitting an article before submitting the article • The Editor-in-Chief sends the author the following documents: – The Editorial Policy of the Journal – The brief Manuscript Guidelines – The Article Review Format (as a guide for the final preparation of the article) • and answers any other questions.
  • 15. B) An already finished article is received by the Editor-in-Chief The process for publishing (or not) an article which is received by the Editor-in-Chief is as follows: 1)The Editor-in-Chief receives the article (which includes whether the author would like the article to be refereed or not) and looks it over to determine its general suitability for the MEXTESOL Journal, and that it is complete. She writes the author acknowledging receipt of the article and informs the author of the following steps. 2) The Editor sends the article to the appropriate Associate Editor (for Refereed or Non-refereed Articles) who, in turn will also read it and make a tentative decision regarding its suitability and its status as a refereed or non-refereed article. In some cases, the Editor might suggest that the article be sent for mentoring before it is sent to the readers.
  • 16. 5) Meanwhile, the two readers read and evaluate the article according to the Review Format, and determine if the article is accepted, rejected or given a conditioned acceptance status. 6) The Associate Editor receives the evaluations from the readers and if they concur, sends them on to the author. If the two readers have divergent opinions, then a third reader is consulted. 7) Usually the author is asked to make revisions according to the comments received. The Associate Editor relays information and the manuscript back and forth between the author and the readers as often as necessary until the article has the complete approval of all involved.
  • 17. 8) The Associate Editor now turns the article over to the Style Editor who makes a final reading for editing and proofreading purposes. If additional changes are necessary, there may be further correspondence between the Style Editor and the Associate Editor, who communicates with the authors. 9) The Production Editor checks the references and works with the author regarding any clarifications.
  • 18. 10) The authors are asked to provide an unformatted final manuscript according to specific guidelines and submit it to the production manager. Suggestions are often made to make the article more presentable for an online format, e.g. color, image resolution, etc. 11) The author is informed of the final acceptance of the article and the approximate publication date.
  • 19. 12) After the article is published, the author receives a letter from the Editor- in-Chief that the article has been published and is given the official publication reference information.
  • 20. For non-refereed articles: The Associate Editor for Non-refereed articles and one other reviewer decide if the article is accepted for publication in the Journal and work together with the author to prepare the manuscript for publication.
  • 21. Rebeca E. Tapia Ethics
  • 22. Ethics in research: Beliefs and experience Dra. Rebeca E. Tapia Carlín BUAP
  • 23. Aspects to consider 1.Negotiating and maintaining access to research site 2.Obtaining informed consent 3.Protecting the identity of participants 4.Avoiding plagiarism (Saldaña, 2003)
  • 24. 1. Negotiating and maintaining access to research site • It is important to get permission from the authorities to conduct research (Richards, 2003; Tapia, 2008). • If the participants are children it is necessary to tell their parents and to get their consent (Bell, 1993), or give them the right to consent or withdraw (Saldaña, 2003).
  • 25. 2. Obtaining informed consent • Participants need to agree to participate and should have the right to refuse to do it. • Participants need to be informed about the purpose of the research, about their identity protection and know they will not receive any harm. • The researcher must obtain the consent from the participants in the study. (Richards, 2003; Saldaña, 2003)
  • 26. 3. Protecting the identity of participants • It is necessary to change all participants’names, including that of an identifying site, to pseudonyms guaranteeing anonymity especially if requested by the participant. (Saldaña, 2003; Tapia, 2008)
  • 27. 4. Avoiding plagiarism • Honesty is crucial when conducting research. • Taking someone else’s work without acknowledging that it is not acceptable in research. • It is necessary to report the sources used to avoid plagiarism, especially when doing the Literature Review. (Tapia, 2008)
  • 28. Lupita Rodríguez Bulnes • The review format
  • 29. MEXTESOL JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW FORMAT FOR NON-REFEREED ARTICLES TITLE OF THE ARTICLE DATE RECEIVED Please mark the appropriate column. (You can also write comments in the spaces as appropriate and use as much space as necessary.) In the last column (marked in grey) the author(s) will write where any corrections have been made after the original review process. This information will help the reviewers locate the corrections easily.
  • 30. MEXTESOL JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW FORMAT TITLE OF THE ARTICLE ______________________________ DATE RECEIVED ____________________________________ Please mark the appropriate column. (You can also write comments in the spaces as appropriate and use as much space as necessary) YES NO NEEDS WORK 1. The article is suitable for the Mextesol Journal readership. 2. The article contains some original ideas and contributes to EFL / ESL research or teaching. 3. The article has a clear focus/sequence throughout . 4. The article shows evidence of sufficient background reading and state-of-the-art research on the topic. 5. The article contains an appropriate balance between theory and practical applications to the classroom . 6. The article is well organized and contains all the relevant sections marked with subheadings. 7. The article has a clear introduction stating the purpose of the article and a well thought-out thesis statement. 8. The ideas are clear and relatively easy to read and follow. 9. (If research-based) The research is clearly presented and contains all the relevant elements. Enough information is given to be able to replicate the study.
  • 31. MEXTESOL JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW FORMAT cont. 10. The linguistic level and the mechanics of writing are appropriate for publication. 11. There is effective diction (appropriate use of words) and effective usage (appropriate use of language). 12. The conclusion shows a summary of and a personal reflection on the ideas expressed in the article. 13. The references and quotations are clear. The bibliography is updated and relevant. (If a historical review, there is a good chronological sequence and follow-up relevant to the topic.) Article status Definite Yes _________ (Pease mark) Definite No __________ Conditioned Yes ______ SPECIFIC COMMENTS FOR THE AUTHOR:
  • 32. JoAnn Miller • What to do if you are not accepted
  • 38. Did you proofread? Did someone else read it before you sent it in?
  • 39. What about the title? Was it too long? Too short?
  • 41. Was it a good topic? Were your ideas understood?
  • 42. Were they your words?
  • 43. One at a time
  • 45. If at first you don’t succeed, write, re-write again….