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David sm13 ppt_01
1.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -1 Book: Strategic Management: Concepts & Cases 14th Edition Fred David Lecturer: Murat KOÇ Asst.Prof Interview: Friday 15.00 e-mail: muratkoc@cag.edu.tr Course: Strategic Management/ Business Policy Assesment Methods: %40 Mid Term %10 Quizes+Term Paper %50 Final Exam
2.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -2 Introduction Welcome to strategic management course. This is a challenging and exciting capstone course that will allow you to function as the owner or chief executive officer of different organizations. In this course, you can look forward to making strategic decisions both as an individual and as a member of a team.
3.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -3 Introduction No matter how hard employees work, an organization is in real trouble if strategic decisions are not made effectively. You will have the opportunity in this course to make actual strategic decisions, perhaps for the first time in your academic career. You will also need to integrate knowledge acquired in previous business courses.
4.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -4 Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management STRATEGY (Etymology of word): "art of a general," from strategos "general, commander of an army," from stratos "multitude, army, expedition, encamped army + agos "leader. We will discuss the relevance of Sun Tzu’s The Art of War to strategic management. -Masters of Fighting don’t get angry. -Masters of Winning don’t fear. -Smarts win without fighting. -Ignorant fight to win.(544-496 BC)
5.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -5 SUN TZU Sun Tzu (also rendered as Sun Zi) (544-496 BC) was a Chinese military general, strategist and philosopher who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China. The name he is best known by is actually an honorific which means "Master Sun": His birth name was Sun Wu and he was known outside of his family by his courtesy name Changqing. He is traditionally credited as the author of The Art of War, an extremely influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy. Sun Tzu has had a significant impact on Chinese and Asian history and culture, both as the author of The Art of War and as a legendary historical figure.
6.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -6 Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management Excerpts from THE ART OF WAR: (Note: Substitute the words strategy or strategic planning for war or warfare) War is a matter of vital importance to the state: a matter of life or death, the road either to survival or ruin. Hence, it is imperative that it be studied thoroughly. Warfare is based on deception. When near the enemy, make it seem that you are far away; when far away, make it seem that you are near.
7.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -7 Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management Hold out baits to lure the enemy. Strike the enemy when he is in disorder. Avoid the enemy when he is stronger.
8.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -8 Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management If your opponent is of choleric temper, try to irritate him. If he is arrogant, try to encourage his egotism. If enemy troops are well prepared after reorganization, try to wear them down.
9.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -9 Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management If they are united, try to sow dissension among them. Attack the enemy Where he is unprepared, and appear where you are not expected. These are the keys to victory for a strategist. It is not possible to formulate them in detail beforehand.
10.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -10 Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management A speedy victory is the main object in war. If this is long in coming, weapons are blunted and morale depressed.When the army engages in protracted campaigns, the resources of the state will fall short. To capture the enemy’s entire army is better than to destroy it; to take intact a regiment, a company, or a squad is better than to destroy it. For to win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the acme of skill. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the supreme excellence.
11.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -11 Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management The art of using troops is this: - When ten to the enemy’s one, surround him. - When five times his strength, attack him. - If double his strength, divide him. - If equally matched, you may engage him with some good plan. - If weaker, be capable of withdrawing. - And if in all respects unequal, be capable of eluding him. ! Know your enemy and know yourself, and in a hundred battles you will never be defeated. ! When you are ignorant of the enemy but know yourself, your chances of winning or losing are equal. ! If ignorant both of your enemy and of yourself, you are sure to be defeated in every battle.
12.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -12 Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management He who occupies the field of battle first and awaits his enemy is at ease, and he who comes later to the scene and rushes into the fight is weary. When the enemy is at ease, be able to tire him. When well fed, be able to starve him; when at rest, be able to make him move. Analyze the enemy’s plans so that you will know his shortcomings as well as his strong points. Agitate him to ascertain the pattern of his movement. Lure him out to reveal his dispositions and to ascertain his position. Launch a probing attack to learn where his strength is abundant and where deficient. And as water has no constant form, there are in warfare no constant conditions. Thus, one able to win the victory by modifying his tactics in accordance with the enemy situation.
13.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -13 Chapter 1 The Nature of Strategic Management Brilliant strategists rarely go to battle or to court; they generally achieve their objectives through tactical positioning well in advance of any confrontation. When you do decide to challenge another company (or army), much calculating, estimating, analyzing, and positioning bring triumph. Little computation brings defeat. If you wait long enough near the river, corpses of enemies come by swim.
14.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -14 Once there were two company presidents who competed in the same industry. These two presidents decided to go on a camping trip to discuss a possible merger. They hiked deep into the woods. Suddenly, they came upon a grizzly bear that rose up on its hind legs and snarled. Instantly, the first president took off his knapsack and got out a pair of jogging shoes. The second president said, “Hey, you can’t outrun that bear.” The first president responded, “Maybe I can’t outrun that bear, but I surely can outrun you!“ Strategic Management –A Story This story captures the notion of strategic management, which is to achieve and maintain competitive advantage “Hey, you can’t outrun that bear.” “Maybe I can’t outrun that bear, but I surely can outrun you!”
15.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -15 SM: Art & science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating, cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives. Strategic Management (SM) –Defined
16.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -16 Purpose of Strategic Management As this definition implies, Strategic Management focuses on; INTEGRATING MANAGEMENT, MARKETING, FINANCE/ACCOUNTING, PRODUCTION/OPERATIONS, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, to Achieve Organizational Success.
17.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -17 Purpose of Strategic Management The purpose of strategic management is to exploit and create new and different opportunities for tomorrow; long-range planning, in contrast, tries to optimize for tomorrow the trends of today.
18.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -18 Strategic Management In essence, the strategic plan is a company’s game plan Just as a football team needs a good game plan to have a chance for success, a company must have a good strategic plan to compete successfully.
19.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -19 Strategic Management Profit margins among firms in most industries have been so reduced by the global economic recession that there is little room for error in the overall strategic plan. A strategic plan results from tough managerial choices among numerous good alternatives, and it signals commitment to specific markets, policies, procedures, and operations in lieu of other, “less desirable” courses of action.
20.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -20 The Strategic Management Process consists of three stages: Strategy formulation Strategy implementation Strategy evaluation
21.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -21 Vision & Mission Strategy Formulation External Opportunities & Threats Internal Strengths & Weaknesses Long-Term Objectives Alternative Strategies Strategy Selection
22.
Copyright © 2011
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -22 Issues in Strategy Formulation Businesses to enter Businesses to abandon Allocation of resources Expansion or diversification International markets Mergers or joint ventures Avoidance of hostile takeover Businesses to enter Businesses to abandon Allocation of resources Expansion or diversification International markets Mergers or joint ventures Avoidance of hostile takeover
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -23 The Strategic Management Process consists of three stages: Strategy formulation No organization has unlimited resources. Strategists must decide which alternative strategies will benefit the firm most. Strategy-formulation decisions commit an Organization to specific products, markets, resources, and technologies over an extended period of time.
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -24 The Strategic Management Process consists of three stages: Strategy-formulation decisions commit an Organization to specific products, markets, resources, technologies over an extended period of time.
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -25 Strategy Implementation (so that formulated strategies can be Executed) Annual Objectives Devise Policies Employee Motivation Resource Allocation
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -26 Strategy Implementation Steps Developing a strategy-supportive culture Creating an effective organizational structure Redirecting marketing efforts
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -27 Strategy Implementation Steps Preparing budgets Developing and utilizing information systems Linking employee compensation to organizational performance
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -28 Issues in Strategy Implementation Action Stage of Strategic Management Mobilization of employees & managers Most difficult stage Interpersonal skills critical Action Stage of Strategic Management Mobilization of employees & managers Most difficult stage Interpersonal skills critical Requires; Personal Discipline, Commitment, Sacrifice
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -29 Strategy Implementation Successful strategy implementation hinges upon managers’ ability to motivate employees, which is more an art than a science.
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -30 Strategy Implementation Every division and department must decide on answers to questions, such as; “What must we do to implement our part of the organization’s strategy?”
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -31 Strategy Implementation “How best can we get the job done?”
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -32 The challenge of implementation is to stimulate managers and employees Throughout an organization to work with pride and enthusiasm toward achieving stated objectives. + =
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -33 Strategy Evaluation (Managers desperately need to know when particular strategies are not working well; strategy evaluation is the primary means for obtaining this information.) Internal Review External Review Performance Measurement Taking Corrective Action Selling in cash Selling on credit All strategies are subject to future modification because external and internal factors are constantly changing. are based on the current strategies Strategy evaluation is needed because success today is no guarantee of success tomorrow!
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -34 Don’t Forget! Success always creates newand different problems; complacent organizations experience demise!...
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -35 Peter Drucker: Think through the overall mission of a business. Ask the key question: “What is our business?” Prime Task of Strategic Management
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -36 The strategic management process attempts to organize quantitative and qualitative information under conditions of uncertainty. Integrating Intuition & Analysis The strategic management process can be described as an objective, logical, systematic approach for making major decisions in an organization.
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -37 Intuition is based on: Past experiences Judgment Feelings Integrating Intuition & Analysis Good Strategic Decisions.
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -38 Integrating Intuition & Analysis Intuition is useful for decision making in conditions of: Great uncertainty Little precedent Highly interrelated variables Several plausible alternatives It is also helpful
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -39 Integrating Intuition & Analysis Albert Einstein acknowledged the importance of intuition when he said; “I believe in intuition and inspiration. Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world.” Although some organizations today may survive and prosper because they have intuitive geniuses managing them, most are not so fortunate. In a sense;
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -40 Involve management at all levels Intuition & Judgment Influence all analyses Integrating Intuition & Analysis Managers at all levels in an organization inject their intuition and judgment into strategic-management analyses. Above All !!!!
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -41 Organizations should continually monitor internal and external events and trends so that timely changes can be made as needed. The accelerating rate of change today is producing a business world in which customary managerial habits in organizations are increasingly inadequate. managerial habits in organizations are increasingly inadequate. Adapting to Change “adept at dapting” the only constant is change.
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -42 The need to adapt to change leads organizations to key strategic-management questions, such as; “What kind of business should we become?” “Are we in the right field(s)?” “Should we reshape our business?” “What new competitors are entering our industry?” “What strategies should we pursue?” “How are our customers changing?” “Are new technologies being developed that could put us out of business?”
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -43 Key Terms in Strategic Management Competitive advantage Strategists Vision and mission statements External opportunities and threats Internal strengths and weaknesses Long-term objectives Strategies Annual objectives Policies
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -44 Anything that a firm does especially well compared to rival firms Strategic Management is Gaining and Maintaining Competitive Advantage When a firm can do something that rival firms cannot do, or owns something that rival firms desire, that can represent a competitive advantage.
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -45 Achieving Sustained Competitive Advantage 1. For example, newspaper circulation in the United States is steadily declining. Most national newspapers are rapidly losing market share to the Internet, and other media that consumers use to stay informed.(problem) 2. Daily newspaper circulation in the United States totals about 55 million copies annually, which is about the same as it was in 1954. Strategists ponder whether the newspaper circulation slide can be halted in the digital age.(is a must) 3. The six broadcast networks—ABC, CBS, Fox, NBC, UPN, and WB—are being assaulted by cable channels, video games, broadband, wireless technologies, satellite radio, high-definition TV, and digital video recorders.(Fact) 4. The three original broadcast networks captured about 90 percent of the prime-time audience in 1978, but today their combined market share is less than 50 percent.
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -46 1. Continually adapting to changes in external trends and events and internal capabilities, competencies, and resources Achieving Sustained Competitive Advantage 2. Effectively formulating, implementing, and evaluating strategies that capitalize on those factors
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -47 Strategists Gather Information Analyze Information Organize Information
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -48 Vision Statement – What do we want to become? Mission Statement – What is our business? Vision and Mission Statements
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -49 External Opportunities and Threats Analysis of Trends Economic Social Cultural Demographic/Environmental Political, Legal, Governmental Technological Competitors
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -50 Basic Tenet of Strategic Management External Opportunities and Threats Strategy Formulation Take advantage of External Opportunities Take advantage of External Opportunities Avoid/minimize impact of External Threats Avoid/minimize impact of External Threats
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -51 Controllable activities performed especially well or poorly Determined relative to competitors Internal Strengths and Weaknesses
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -52 Typically located in functional areas of the firm Management Marketing Finance/Accounting Production/Operations Research & Development Management Information Systems Internal Strengths and Weaknesses
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -53 Assessing the Internal Environment Internal Strengths and Weaknesses Internal Factors Performance Measures Ratios Industry Averages Survey Data
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -54 Specific results that an organization seeks to achieve in pursuing its basic mission Long-term means more than one year Long-Term Objectives
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -55 Long-Term Objectives Essential for ensuring the firm’s success Provide direction Aid in evaluation Create synergy Reveal priorities Focus coordination Provide basis for planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -56 Means by which long-term objectives are achieved Strategies
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -57 Strategies Examples Geographic expansion Diversification Acquisition Product development Market penetration Retrenchment Divestiture Liquidation Joint venture
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -58 Sample Strategies Table 1-1 Best Buy Levi Strauss New York Times Company
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -59 Short-term milestones that firms must achieve to reach long-term objectives Annual Objectives
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -60 Means by which annual objectives will be achieved Policies
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -61
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -62 Strategic Management Process Dynamic & continuous More formal in larger organizations Strategic Management Model
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -63 Strategic Management Communication is a key to successful strategic management
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -64 Benefits of Strategic Management
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -65 Benefits of Strategic Management Nonfinancial Benefits Enhanced awareness of threats Improved understanding of competitors’ strategies Increased employee productivity Reduced resistance to change Clearer understanding of performance-reward relationship Enhanced problem-prevention capabilities
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -66 Why Some Firms Do No Strategic Planning Lack of knowledge of strategic planning Poor reward structures Fire fighting Waste of time Too expensive Laziness Content with success
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -67 Why Some Firms Do No Strategic Planning (continued) Fear of failure Overconfidence Prior bad experience Self-interest Fear of the unknown Honest difference of opinion Suspicion
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -68 Pitfalls in Strategic Planning Strategic planning is an involved, intricate, and complex process that takes an organization into uncharted territory
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -69 Effective Strategic Planning is: A people process more than a paper process A learning process Words supported by numbers Simple and nonroutine Varying assignments, team membership, meeting formats, and planning calendars Challenging assumptions underlying corporate strategy
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -70 Effective Strategic Planning continued Welcomes bad news Requires open-mindedness and a spirit of inquiry Is not a bureaucratic mechanism Is not ritualistic or stilted Is not too formal, predictable, or rigid Does not contain jargon or arcane language
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -71 Effective Strategic Planning continued Is not a formal system for control Does not disregard qualitative information Is not controlled by “technicians” Does not pursue too many strategies at once Continually strengthens the “good ethics is good business” policy
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -72 Comparing Business and Military Strategy Strategic planning started in the military Similarity Both business and military organizations must adapt to change and constantly improve Difference Business strategy assumes competition Military strategy assumes conflict
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Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Ch 1 -73 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
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