Projekt Lenda: Anglisht

1. The conditionals in the English
language

2. The zero conditional (always true) If X
happens, Y happens.
• If you go , I come with
you.
• When I was a child, if
you didn’t have money
for something, you
couldn’t buy it.
• If you press the switch,
the light comes on.

3. •OTHER EXAMPLES:
•IF YOU HEAT WATER, IT BOILS.
• IF YOU BOIL WATER, IT TURNS INTO
STREAM.
• IF YOU COOL THE STEAM , IT TURNS
BACK TO THE PRIMARY MODE.
• IF YOU HEAT A PIECE OF METAL, IT
EXPANDS.
• IF YOU FREEZE A PIECE OF METAL, IT
CONTRACTS.
• IF YOU FREEZE WATER, IT EXPANDS.

5. IF

6. EXAMPLES:
• IF EVERYONE RECYCLES PAPER,
COMPANIES WON’T CUT DOWN SO
TREES.
• IF EVERYONE RECYCLES METAL AND
GLASS, WE WON’T WASTE VALUABLE
RESOURCES.
• IF EVERYONE RECYCLES PAPER
,METAL AND GLASS , WE WON’T
PRODUCE SO MUCH RUBBISH.
• IF EVERYONE TURNS OFF UNWANTED
LIGHTS, WE WILL SAVE A LOT OF
ELECTRICITY.
• IF EVERYONE WALKS OR CYCLES, WE
WON’T WASTE SO MUCH OIL AND
PETROL.
• IF COUNTRIES USE POWER STATIONS
LESS , IT WILL CAUSE LESS AIR
POLLUTION.

7. UNLESS , IN CASE, PROVIDED, AS LONG AS.
UNLESS AND IN CASE +
PRESENT SIMPLE
• UNLESS MEANS :”IF NOT”. WE USE
IT WHEN WE SAY THAT IF
SOMETHING DOES NOT HAPPEN,
SOMETHING ELSE WILL HAPPENT.
• EX. UNLESS WE DEAL WITH THE
GLOBAL WARMING PROBLEM,
AVERANGE TEMPERATURES WILL
RISE.
• “IN CASE” DESCRIBES A POSSIBLE
SITUATION WE WANT TO BE
PERPARED FOR.
• EX. TAKE AN UMBRELLA IN CASE IT
RAINS.
• TAKE A PAIR OF RUNNING SHOES IN
CASE YOU NEED THEM.
PROVIDED, AS LONG AS +
PRESENT SIMPLE
• PROVIDED AND AS LONG AS
MEAN ONLY IF.
• EX. PROVIDED WE REDUCE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION,
WE CAN SLOW DOWN
GLOBAL WARMING. OR
• EX. AS LONG AS WE REDUCE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION,
WE CAN SLOW DOWN
GLOBAL WARMING.

9. • Examples:
• What would happen if
the Earth stopped
turning?
• If the Earth didn’t have
a Moon, there wouldn’t
be any tides.
• If I were you, I wouldn’t
do that.

10. Examples
• If you were a horse, you
would see everything in black
and white.
• If you looked inside your own
eye at the images there, they
would be upside down, and
they would be moving.
• The world’s oceans contain
huge amounts of salt. In fact ,
if you removed all the salt
from the oceans , you would
be able to use it to build a
wall about 300 km wide and
a km tall all around the Earth.

11. • If I’d seen you, I would have
said hello.
• If Alexander the Great had
marched west instead of east,
he would have conquered the
whole of Europe.
• If more Vikings had gone to
North America, the Viking
settlements would have
succeed.
• If Columbus had sailed east in
1492, he would have reached
China or Japan.

12. OTHER EXAMPLES

13. EXAMPLES

14. WISHES
• About the present:
• When we use “wish” to make a
wish about the present present,
we use the unreal past simple, as
in an unreal conditional sentence.
• I wish I knew more about
European history.
• Wishes about the past.
• When we use “wish” to make a
wish about the past, we use the
past perfect, as in an impossible
past conditional sentence.
• I wish I had been present at the
battle of Waterloo.
• Wishes with would
• We also use “wish” with would
when we want someone to do
something or not to do
something. This is often because
we think it is a bad habit.
• I wish you wouldn’t keep staring
at me!
• I wish Pete would phone.
• If only
• We can use “if only” to make a
stronger kind of wish about the
present or the past.
• If only I knew more about
European history!
• If only I had studied harder!

15. • If X had happened, Y would be different.
• We often think about past events, and their effects on the
present.
• If Chris hadn’t gone to the hospital, he wouldn’t be alive
today.
• If I hadn’t brought a map we would be lost!
• If we hadn’t gone to the
theatre last night he would be
alive today.
• If I hadn’t invated Russia,
perhaps I still would be Emperor.

16. The summary of all conditionals

17. Thank you!