The document summarizes key findings from the IEA's 2017 report on global energy efficiency. It finds that energy efficiency improvements have leveled off the rise in global CO2 emissions in recent years and reduced global energy usage by 12% in 2016. However, strong government policies are still needed to achieve energy efficiency's full potential, as over two-thirds of global energy usage remains uncovered by mandatory efficiency policies. The report identifies transportation, especially trucks, as a sector with significant room for continued efficiency gains.

1. Energy Efficiency 2017

2. © IEA 2017
Key messages
2016 confirmed the recent step up in global energy efficiency gains
This is generating economic, social and environmental benefits
• Energy efficiency improvement is the main reason energy related emissions have levelled off
• Because of energy efficiency, global energy use was 12% lower in 2016, resulting in global
economic gains and significant savings for households
• There is great potential for energy efficiency in emerging economies – focus on Indonesia
Strong government policies will be essential to deliver energy efficiency’s full potential

3. © IEA 2017
Energy-related CO2 emissions have been flat since 2014
IEA analysis shows that global energy-related CO2 emissions remained flat in 2016 for the third year in a row, even
though the global economy grew
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016
Gt
Global energy-related CO2 emissions

4. © IEA 2017
28
30
32
34
36
2014 emissions GDP growth Renewables and fuel
mix
Energy intensity 2016 emissions
Emissions(BilliontonnesCO2e)
Energy efficiency is helping to keep emissions down
Emissions would have been 2 billion tonnes higher in 2016 without the combination of energy efficiency improvement
and the move towards renewables and cleaner fuels.
Factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions, 2014-16

5. © IEA 2017
The world is generating more value from its energy
This decade has seen intensity improvement rates at almost double the historic average, suggesting that the world has
entered a new era of faster intensity gains.
Changes in global energy intensity (energy per unit of GDP)
-3,0%
-2,0%
-1,0%
0,0%
1981-90 1991-2000 2001-10 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Annualchangeinenergyintensity
Average annual change 1981-2010 Average annual change 2011-2016

6. © IEA 2017
Efficiency is reducing global energy use
Energy efficiency reduced global energy use by 12% in 2016, an amount equivalent to the energy use of the European
Union. German efficiency improvements reduced annual import bill by €6 billion
Global final energy consumption and savings from energy efficiency
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
2000 2016
Mtoe
Efficiency
savings

7. © IEA 2017
Energy consumers are making big savings
Efficiency improvements made since 2000 reduced energy spending in 2016.
German consumers saved nearly USD 50 billion on their annual home and travel energy costs.
Per capita household energy expenditure savings in 2016 due to efficiency
$60
$580
$470
$430
$370
$140
$60
Germany France United
Kingdom
Japan United
States
China Mexico
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
%reductiononenegryexpenditure

8. © IEA 2017
The world’s efficiency policy coverage needs to expand
The amount of global energy use covered by mandatory efficiency policies grew in 2016.
But 68% of energy use remains uncovered.
Share of global energy use covered by mandatory efficiency policies, 2016
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
WORLD TOTAL
Trucks
Appliances
Space heating
Electric motors
Cars
Lighting

9. © IEA 2017
Petrochemical
Other
Transport
70
75
80
85
90
95
Oil demand (mb/d)Trucks drive global oil demand
Trucks were responsible for nearly 40% of the growth in global oil demand since 2000; they are the fastest growing
source of oil demand, in particular for diesel.
2000 2015Increase by sector
Trucks
Cars
Other transport

10. © IEA 2017
CO2 emissions growth in the Reference Scenario, 2015-2050
A modern truck sector is still a long haul away
Without further policy efforts, trucks will account for 40% of the oil demand growth to 2050
and 15% of the increase in global CO2 emissions
Power sector Industry sector
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Trucks
Coal use
Mt

11. © IEA 2017
Vehicle efficiency policy is two-speed
Nearly 40 countries have fuel efficiency standards for cars.
Only Canada, China, Japan and the United States have standards for trucks.
Efficiency standard coverage by transport end-use, 2016
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Cars
Energyusecoveredbyfuelefficiency
standards
Trucks
Europe
Asia
North America
China
USA
Japan
Canada

12. © IEA 2017
Space cooling energy use growth
Space cooling will continue to be the fastest growing source of energy demand in buildings.
Efficiency policy is weakest in countries where demand is rising fastest.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Index1990=100
Space cooling
Appliances and other equipment
Lighting
Water heating
Cooking
Space heating
Global energy consumption by building end-use, 1990-2050

13. © IEA 2017
Concluding remarks
• Energy Efficiency 2017 shows the critical importance of energy efficiency to economies,
households and the environment.
• There has been a step up in efficiency gains in recent years, despite lower energy prices,
and this is having many positive impacts.
• Governments must renew their focus on policy implementation and attacking the 68%
of energy use that is not covered by mandatory efficiency policies.
• Decarbonisation requires the integration of efficiency and renewables into the energy
system through a harmonised policy approach.
• IEA is helping countries realise unmet energy efficiency potential by training policy
makers, facilitating exchange and providing real world policy advice.