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Considerations For Selecting
Data Modelling Tools
C H R I S T O P H E R B R A D L E Y
I N F O R M A T I O N S T R A T E G Y A D V I S O R

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Considerations For Selecting
Data Modelling Tools

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Introduction:
My blog: Information Management, Life & Petrol
http://infomanagementlifeandpetrol.blogspot.com
@InfoRacer
uk.linkedin.com/in/christophermichaelbradley/
Christopher Bradley
Information Strategy Advisor
+44 7973 184475
chris@chrismb.co.uk

5. P / 5

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Introduction To Chris Bradley
Chris is a well known Information Strategy Advisor with 34 years
experience in the Information Management field, Chris works with
leading organisations including Celgene, Bristish Gas, HSBC, Total,
Barclays, ANZ, GSK, Shell, BP, Statoil, Riyad Bank & Aramco in Data
Governance, Information Management Strategy, Data Quality &
Master Data Management, Metadata Management and Business
Intelligence.
He is a Director of DAMA- I, holds the CDMP Master certification,
examiner for CDMP, a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of
Management Consulting (now IC) member of the MPO, and SME
Director of the DM Board.
A recognised thought-leader in Information Management Chris is
creator of sections of DMBoK 2.0, a columnist, a frequent
contributor to industry publications and member of standards
authorities.
He leads an experts channel on the influential BeyeNETWORK, is a
regular speaker at major international conferences, and is the co-
author of “Data Modelling For The Business – A Handbook for
aligning the business with IT using high-level data models”. He also
blogs frequently on Information Management (and motorsport).

7. P / 7
Recent Presentations
DAMA UK Webinar: February 2015; “An Introduction to the Information Disciplines of the
DAMA DMBoK”
Petroleum Information Management Summit 2015: February 2015, Berlin DE,
“How to succeed with MDM and Data Governance”
Enterprise Data & Business Intelligence 2014: (IRM), November 2014, London, UK “Data
Modelling 101 Workshop”
Enterprise Data World: (DataVersity), May 2014, Austin, Texas, “MDM Architectures & How to
identify the right Subject Area & tooling for your MDM strategy”
E&P Information Management Dubai: (DMBoard),17-19 March 2014, Dubai, UAE “Master
Data Management Fundamentals, Architectures & Identify the starting Data Subject Areas”
DAMA Australia: (DAMA-A),18-21 November 2013, Melbourne, Australia “DAMA DMBoK
2.0”, “Information Management Fundamentals” 1 day workshop”
Data Management & Information Quality Europe:
(IRM Conferences), 4-6 November 2013, London, UK
“Data Modelling Fundamentals” ½ day workshop:
“Myths, Fairy Tales & The Single View” Seminar
“Imaginative Innovation - A Look to the Future” DAMA Panel Discussion
IPL / Embarcadero series: June 2013, London, UK, “Implementing Effective Data
Governance”
Riyadh Information Exchange: May 2013, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
“Big Data – What’s the big fuss?”
Enterprise Data World: (Wilshire Conferences), May 2013, San Diego, USA, “Data and
Process Blueprinting – A practical approach for rapidly optimising Information Assets”
Data Governance & MDM Europe: (IRM Conferences), April 2013, London, “Selecting the Optimum
Business approach for MDM success…. Case study with Statoil”
E&P Information Management: (SMI Conference), February 2013, London,
“Case Study, Using Data Virtualisation for Real Time BI & Analytics”
E&P Data Governance: (DMBoard / DG Events), January 2013, Marrakech, Morocco, “Establishing a
successful Data Governance program”
Big Data 2: (Whitehall), December 2012, London, “The Pillars of successful knowledge management”
Financial Information Management Association (FIMA): (WBR), November 2012, London; “Data
Strategy as a Business Enabler”
Data Modeling Zone: (Technics), November 2012, Baltimore USA
“Data Modelling for the business”
Data Management & Information Quality Europe: (IRM), November 2012, London; “All you need to
know to prepare for DAMA CDMP professional certification”
ECIM Exploration & Production: September 2012, Haugesund, Norway:
“Enhancing communication through the use of industry standard models; case study in E&P using
WITSML”
Preparing the Business for MDM success: Threadneedles Executive breakfast briefing series,
July 2012, London
Big Data – What’s the big fuss?: (Whitehall), Big Data & Analytics, June 2012, London,
Enterprise Data World International: (DAMA / Wilshire), May 2012, Atlanta GA,
“A Model Driven Data Governance Framework For MDM - Statoil Case Study”
“When Two Worlds Collide – Data and Process Architecture Synergies” (rated best workshop in
conference); “Petrochemical Information Management utilising PPDM in an Enterprise
Information Architecture”
Data Governance & MDM Europe: (DAMA / IRM), April 2012, London,
“A Model Driven Data Governance Framework For MDM - Statoil Case Study”
AAPG Exploration & Production Data Management: April 2012, Dead Sea Jordan; “A Process For
Introducing Data Governance into Large Enterprises”
PWC & Iron Mountain Corporate Information Management: March 2012, Madrid; “Information
Management & Regulatory Compliance”
DAMA Scandinavia: March 2012, Stockholm,
“Reducing Complexity in Information Management” (rated best presentation in conference)
Ovum IT Governance & Planning: March 2012, London;
“Data Governance – An Essential Part of IT Governance”
American Express Global Technology Conference: November 2011, UK,
“All An Enterprise Architect Needs To Know About Information Management”
FIMA Europe (Financial Information Management):, November 2011, London; “Confronting The
Complexities Of Financial Regulation With A Customer Centric Approach; Applying IPL’s Master
Data Management And Data Governance Process In Clydesdale Bank “
Data Management & Information Quality Europe: (DAMA / IRM), November 2011, London,
“Assessing & Improving Information Management Effectiveness – Cambridge University Press
Case Study”; “Too Good To Be True? – The Truth About Open Source BI”
ECIM Exploration & Production: September 12th 14th 2011, Haugesund, Norway: “The Role Of
Data Virtualisation In Your EIM Strategy”
Enterprise Data World International: (DAMA / Wilshire), April 2011, Chicago IL; “How Do You
Want Yours Served? – The Role Of Data Virtualisation And Open Source BI”
Data Governance & MDM Europe: (DAMA / IRM), March 2011, London,
“Clinical Information Data Governance”
Data Management & Information Management Europe: (DAMA / IRM), November 2010, London,
“How Do You Get A Business Person To Read A Data Model?
DAMA Scandinavia: October 26th-27th 2010, Stockholm,
“Incorporating ERP Systems Into Your Overall Models & Information Architecture” (rated best
presentation in conference)
BPM Europe: (IRM), September 27th – 29th 2010, London,
“Learning to Love BPMN 2.0”
IPL / Composite Information Management in Pharmaceuticals: September 15th 2010, London,
“Clinical Information Management – Are We The Cobblers Children?”
ECIM Exploration & Production: September 13th 15th 2010, Haugesund, Norway: “Information
Challenges and Solutions” (rated best presentation in conference)
Enterprise Architecture Europe: (IRM), June 16th – 18th 2010, London: ½ day workshop; “The
Evolution of Enterprise Data Modelling”

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Recent Publications
Book: “Data Modelling For The Business – A Handbook for aligning the business with IT using high-level data models”; Technics Publishing;
ISBN 978-0-9771400-7-7; http://www.amazon.com/Data-Modeling-Business-Handbook-High-Level
White Paper: “Information is at the heart of ALL Architecture disciplines”,; March 2014
Article: The Bookbinder, the Librarian & a Data Governance story ; July 2013
Article: Data Governance is about Hearts and Minds, not Technology January 2013
White Paper: “The fundamentals of Information Management”, January 2013
White Paper: “Knowledge Management – From justification to delivery”, December 2012
Article: “Chief INFORMATION Officer? Not really” Article, November 2012
White Paper: “Running a successful Knowledge Management Practice” November 2012
White Paper: “Big Data Projects are not one man shows” June 2012
Article: “IPL & Statoil’s innovative approach to Master Data Management in Statoil”, Oil IT Journal, May 2012
White Paper: “Data Modelling is NOT just for DBMS’s” April 2012
Article: “Data Governance in the Financial Services Sector” FSTech Magazine, April 2012
Article: “Data Governance, an essential component of IT Governance" March 2012
Article: “Leveraging a Model Driven approach to Master Data Management in Statoil”, Oil IT Journal, February 2012
Article: “How Data Virtualization Helps Data Integration Strategies” BeyeNETWORK (December 2011)
Article: “Approaches & Selection Criteria For organizations approaching data integration programmes” TechTarget (November 2011)
Article: Big Data – Same Problems? BeyeNETWORK and TechTarget. (July 2011)
Article “10 easy steps to evaluate Data Modelling tools” Information Management, (March 2010)
Article “How Do You Want Your Data Served?” Conspectus Magazine (February 2010)
Article “How do you want yours served (data that is)” (BeyeNETWORK January 2010)
Article “Seven deadly sins of data modelling” (BeyeNETWORK October 2009)
Article “Data Modelling is NOT just for DBMS’s” Part 1 BeyeNETWORK July 2009 and Part 2 BeyeNETWORK August 2009
Web Channel: BeyeNETWORK “Chris Bradley Expert Channel” Information Asset Management
http://www.b-eye-network.co.uk/channels/1554/
Article: “Preventing a Data Disaster” February 2009, Database Marketing Magazine

9. P / 9
Contents
_Context
_Approaches
_Evaluation Method
_Vendors and Products
_Summary

10. P / 10
1. Context

11. page 11
Is there more to life
than this?
is ais ais ais ais ais ais ais ais a
owns
is assigned
is owner of is owned by
belongs to has
registered at
classifies
has
classifies
transacted in
parent of
assigns assigns
performs
determines
payee-correspondent relationship
is granted
has
has
requires
Business Party
Business Person
Business Partner
Legal Entity
Address Type
Address
Bank Account
Contact
Counterparty Transportation Provider Financial Institution Exchange Inspector Broker Clearing HouseRegulatory Agency Rating Agency
Currency
Industry Classification
Industry Classification Scheme
Legal Entity Identification
Legal Entity Identifying Scheme
Bank Account Type
Internal Operating Unit
LE Ownership
Indirect Tax Registration
Tax Exemption License
Contact Usage
Contact Role
Payment Security Type

12. page 12
DATA
ARCHITECTURE
MANAGEMENT
DATA
DEVELOPMENT
DATABASE
OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
DATA SECURITY
MANAGEMENT
REFERENCE &
MASTER DATA
MANAGEMENT
DATA QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
META DATA
MANAGEMENT
DOCUMENT & CONTENT
MANAGEMENT
DATA
WAREHOUSE
& BUSINESS
INTELLIGENCE
MANAGEMENT
DATA
GOVERNANCE
› Enterprise Data Modelling
› Value Chain Analysis
› Related Data Architecture
› External Codes
› Internal Codes
› Customer Data
› Product Data
› Dimension Management
› Acquisition
› Recovery
› Tuning
› Retention
› Purging
› Standards
› Classifications
› Administration
› Authentication
› Auditing
› Analysis
› Data modelling
› Database Design
› Implementation
› Strategy
› Organisation & Roles
› Policies & Standards
› Issues
› Valuation
› Architecture
› Implementation
› Training & Support
› Monitoring & Tuning
› Acquisition & Storage
› Backup & Recovery
› Content Management
› Retrieval
› Retention
› Architecture
› Integration
› Control
› Delivery
› Specification
› Analysis
› Measurement
› Improvement
Where does
Data Modeling
fit?

13. P / 13
Environmental
Elements
Used with kind permission of DAMA-I
ACTIVITIES
• Phases, Tasks, Steps
• Dependencies
• Sequence and Flow
• Use Case Scenarios
• Trigger Events
ORGANIZATION & CULTURE
• Critical Success Factors
• Reporting Structures
• Management Metrics
• Values, Beliefs, Expectations
• Attitudes, Styles, Preferences
• Rituals, Symbols, Heritage
DELIVERABLES
• Inputs and Outputs
• Information
• Documents
• Databases
• Other Resources
TECHNOLOGY
• Tool Categories
• Standards and Protocols
• Section Criteria
• Learning Curves
PRACTICES
& TECHNIQUES
• Recognized Best
Practices
• Common Approaches
• Alternative Techniques ROLES &
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Individual Roles
• Organizational Roles
• Business and IT Roles
• Qualifications and Skills
GOALS &
PRINCIPLES
• Vision and Mission
• Business Benefits
• Strategic Goals
• Specific Objectives
• Guiding Principles

14. P / 14
Data Management Tools
provide support for the data
management functions,
including databases, modelling,
governance, quality and
virtualisation.
Data Management Repositories
are a class of Data Management
Tool used to store, version and
disseminate the metadata
required to support the data
management functions.
What are Data Management
Tools and Repositories?

15. P / 15
What is Metadata?

16. P / 16
Logical Data Structures
Business Data Items
Concepts
Database Schemas
Modelling Patterns
Reports
Screens Data Lineage
Non-DBMS files
XML Schemas
What types of
Information
Metadata
can you
name?
Information Metadata
Lines represent shared
metadata elements,
and/or links between
metadata elements.

17. P / 17
The metadata archipelago, simplified
Information
Application
Architecture
Technical
Architecture
Organisation
Location People AssetsLocation People Assets
IT Service
Management
Project and Resource
Management
Business
Rules
Business
Processes
Web
Services
Development
Methods
SOA
IT Assets
Software HardwareSoftware Hardware

18. P / 18
None of this is new
In the early1980s, I used
the ICL Data Dictionary
System (DDS) to model
and generate complete
applications.
Data Items were central
to this – they were used in
E-R models, screen
dialogues, IDMSX tables
etc.
All this metadata was
linked and reusable.
Business Model
Computer Model
DataProcess
Adapted from a diagram on page 27 of the ICL
Technical Journal, Volume 8 Issue 1, May 1992

19. P / 19
“Data /
Information”
related Metadata
e.g
.
“Process”
related
Metadata
e.g.
ENTITY
EVENT
PROCESS
TRANSFORMATION
FILE
SYSTEM
TABLE
DTD
FIELD
INDEX
SCHEMA
XSD PACKAGE
MODULE
TRIGGER
ROLE
SERVERCOLUMN
STORED
PROCEDURE
Types Of
Metadata
ATTRIBUTE
FUNCTION
WORKFLOW
PROJECT
PROGRAM
BUSINESS
RULE
RELATION-
SHIP
“Real
Business”
World
Metadata
“IT /
Systems”
World
Metadata

20. P / 20
What is a data modelling tool?
_Is it a metadata management tool, or a modelling tool?
_Modelling tools usually have pre-defined scope in terms of:
›The types of metadata supported
›The types of links it can create between metadata, within and between
models
_They may support:
›Model-driven architecture
›Model-driven analysis and design

21. P / 21
Possible metadata scope for data
modelling
_Business Requirements
_Business Rules
_Business Processes
_Enterprise Architecture
_Glossary of Terms
_Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
_Conceptual And Logical Data Structures
_Physical Data Structures
›Databases
›XML Schemas
_Data movements, transformations and replications

22. P / 22
Tool Genres
_Modelling
› Data Modelling Tools
› Model Management Tools
› Object Modelling Tools
› Process Modelling Tools
› XML Development Tools
_Development and
Maintenance
› System Management Tools
› Data Development and
Administration Tools
› Performance Management Tools
› Data Security Tools
› Collaboration Tools
› Application Frameworks
› Change Control Systems
_Database Systems
› Database Management Systems
› Data Integration Tools
› Database Administration Tools
› Identity Management
Technologies
_Repositories
› Meta-data Repositories
› Document Management Tools
› Configuration Management Tools
› Reference and Master Data
Management Tools
› Issue Management Tools
› Event Management Tools
› Image and Workflow
Management Tools
› Records Management Tools
_Analytical and Reporting
› Business Intelligence Tools
› Statistical Analysis Tools
› Analytic Applications
› Data Profiling Tools
› Data Quality Tools
› Data Cleansing Tools
› Report Generating Tools
› Data Governance KPI Dashboard

23. P / 23
We All Use Models

24. P / 24
We All Use Models

25. P / 25
Data Model Levels
E N T E R P R I S E
C O N C E P T U A L
L O G I C A L
P H Y S I C A L
S Y S T E M
IMPLEMENTATIONFOCUS
COMMUNICATIONFOCUS

26. P / 26
Why Produce A Data Model?
T O P R E A S O N S *
1. Capturing Business Requirements
2. Promotes Reuse, Consistency, Quality
3. Bridge Between Business and Technology
Personnel
4. Assessing Fit of Package Solutions
5. Identify and Manage Redundant Data
6. Sets Context for Project within the
Enterprise
7. Interaction Analysis: Complements
Process Model
8. Pictures Communicate Better than Words
9. Avoid Late Discovery of Missed
Requirements
10. Critical in Managing Integration Between
Systems
11. Pre-cursor to DBMS design / generate DDL
* DAMA-I Survey

27. P / 27
Enterprise
Conceptual
Logical
Physical
Enterprise vs. Conceptual vs. Logical
Agree basic
concepts and rules
Detail, may lead
to physical design
Big picture
Optimised for specific
technical environment
DIFFERENTPERSPECTIVESANDLEVELS
OFDETAILFORDIFFERENTUSES
› Common understanding before progressing too far into detail
› Used to communicate with the Business
› Overview: main entities, super types, attributes, and relationships
› Lots of Many to Many & multi meaning relationships
› Relationships frequently show multiplicity of meaning
› May be denormalised
› Non-atomic & multi-valued attributes allowed; no keys
› Should fit on one page
› 20% of the modelling effort
› Detailed: ~ 5x Entities vs Conceptual model
› Detailed: Frequently pre-cursor to 1st cut physical (database) design
› Detailed: Key input to requirements specification
› M:M relationships resolved: Intersection entities mostly have meaning
› Relationship optionality added
› Primary, foreign, alternate keys included
› Reference entities included
› Fully normalized – no multi-valued, redundant, non-atomic attributes
› May be partitioned (sub-models)
› 80% of the modelling effort
CONCEPTUAL/LOGICALKEYDIFFERENCES

28. P / 28
Different Data Models For
Different Audiences: Business

29. P / 29
Different Data Models For
Different Audiences: Technical

30. P / 30
Why Data Modelling Is Critical
BUSINESS
ARCHITECTURE
Business
Objectives & Goals
Motivations &
Metrics
Functions, Roles,
Departments
INFORMATION
ARCHITECTURE
Enterprise Data
Model
Conceptual Data
Models
Logical Data
Models
Physical Data
Models
PROCESS
ARCHITECTURE
Overall Value
Chain
High-Level
Business Processes
Workflow Models
APPLICATION / SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURE
Systems within
Scope
High-Level Mapping
Business Services
Presentation
Services (use cases)

31. P / 31
Why Data Modelling Is Critical
BUSINESS
ARCHITECTURE
Business Objectives &
Goals
Motivations & Metrics
Functions, Roles,
Departments
INFORMATION
ARCHITECTURE
Enterprise Data Model
Conceptual Data
Models
Logical Data Models
Physical Data Models
PROCESS
ARCHITECTURE
Overall Value Chain
High-Level Business
Processes
Workflow Models
APPLICATION / SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURE
Systems within Scope
High-Level Mapping
Business Services
Presentation Services
(use cases)
The company is undertaking
a radical approach to
enhance Customer
experience, service and
satisfaction by providing
seamless multi-channel
Customer access to all core
services
B U S I N E S S
O B J E C T I V E S
I N F O R M A T I O N
S E R V I C E S
B U S I N E S S
S E R V I C E S
PRESENTATION SERVICES
B U S I N E S S
P R O C E S S
ALL of the Architecture disciplines use the language
(and rules) of the data model

32. P / 32
Master &
Reference
Data
Management
Data
Warehousing
Business
Intelligence
Transaction
Data
Management
Semi-
Structured
Data
Management
Content &
Document
Management
Data
Integration &
Interoperability
Data
Quality
Management
Information
Lifecycle
Management
Data
Governance
Data
Asset
Planning
EIM
Goals &
Principles
Big
Data
Analytics
Data Models
& Taxonomy's
Metadata
Management
Geospatial
Data
Management
Enterprise Information
Management Framework
Business-Driven Goals Drive a
Robust Enterprise Information
Management Practice
EIM goals and strategies are business-driven for the
entire enterprise, underpinned by guiding principles
supported by senior management
Proactive planning for the information lifecycle
including the acquisition, manipulation, access,
use, archiving & disposal of information
The identification of appropriate data
integration approach for business challenges
e.g. ETL, P2P, EII, Data Virtualisation or EAI.
The full lifecycle control and
management of information from
acquisition to retention & destruction
Organise information to align
with business & technical goals
using Enterprise, Conceptual,
Logical & Physical models
Roles, responsibilities, structures and
procedures to ensure that data
assets are under active stewardship
Processes, procedures and
policies to ensure data is fit
for purpose and monitored
Metadata capture,
management, & manipulation
to place data in business &
technical context
Manage diverse data sources across the
organisation from transaction data
management, to data warehousing and
business intelligence, to Big Data analytics

33. P / 33

34. P / 34
The Internet Of Things?

35. P / 35
Use a drawing tool?

37. P / 37
Why not use a drawing tool?
Drawing tools communicate ideas visually, and may capture some
additional information about some of the objects represented
each diagram stands alone: if a process appears on five diagrams,
there is no connection between those five symbols; you cannot
ensure that those five diagrams are consistent in how they depict
that process, nor is there a way of knowing whether or not the
process also appears on a sixth diagram that you haven’t been told
about

38. P / 38
Why not use a drawing tool?
There is no link from that process to any objects that were
generated from it, and no link to any associated objects
Objects appear to live in a disconnected world. When it comes to
managing change, that disconnected world gets very
uncomfortable
_In conclusion:
Drawing tools do not manage metadata

39. P / 39
A typical
Business
Process
Model
This was created in a
modelling tool, but
could equally have
been drawn in a
‘drawing tool’.

40. P / 40
Can a drawing
tool be
customised?
Stereotypes have been used in
the process model, to add new
types of objects, and
specialisations of standard
objects, such as Resources,
complete with custom symbols

41. P / 42
0,n
Each New Entity must have one and only one Authorship.
Each Authorship may have one or more New Entity.
1,1
1,1
Each Book Role may have one or more New Entity.
Each New Entity must have one and only one Book Role.
0,n
0,1
Each Gender may classify one or more Person.
Each Person may claim at most one Gender.
0,n
0,1
Each Person must play one or more Book Role.
Each Book Role may be played by at most one Person.
1,n
1,1
Each Book Role must be recognised via one or more Authorship.
Each Authorship must be attributed to one and only one Book Role.
1,n
Authorship
Person Name
Book Title
Royalty Percentage
Characters (100)
Characters (100)
Number (2)
Primary ID <pi> Primary Identifier
Relationship 'Author-Authorship'
Relationship 'Relationship_6'
Book Role
Person Name
Book Role Type
Pseudonym
Characters (100)
Number (2)
Characters (100)
Primary ID <pi> Primary Identifier
Relationship 'Person Role'
Relationship 'Author-Authorship'
Relationship 'Relationship_5'
Person
Person Name
Gender Code
Characters (100)
Characters (60)
Primary ID
Alt
<pi>
<ai>
Primary Identifier
Relationship 'Reference_3'
Relationship 'Person Role'
Gender
Gender Code
Gender Name
Characters (60)
Characters (256)
Key_1 <pi> Primary Identifier
Relationship 'Reference_3'
New Entity
Aut_Person Name
Book Title
Person Name
Characters (100)
Characters (100)
Characters (100)
Identifier_1 <pi> Primary Identifier
Relationship 'Relationship_5'
Relationship 'Relationship_6'
Can a
drawing tool
mimic a
different
tool?
Customised to look like it
was produced by a
different tool

42. P / 43
Can a drawing
tool create
matrices?
Like this editable matrix
showing links between LDM
attributes and domains
Or this editable matrix
showing links between LDM
attributes and Business Rules

43. P / 44
Can a
drawing tool
link models?
This visual representation shows you the ‘generation links’ between a
Logical Data Model and a Physical Data Model

44. P / 45
Can a drawing
tool trace
dependencies?
Like the impact and lineage
analysis for this column, which is:
• used by two indexes and one
key
• linked to a Business Term and a
Requirement
• governed by a domain shared
from another model
• a foreign key
and was generated from a LDM
attribute

45. P / 46
Can a drawing
tool create an
OLAP Cube?
Like converting the tables and
references at the top to the
design of an OLAP Cube at the
bottom.
Can it also generate the OLAP
Cube, complete with the
scripts used to transfer the data
from the relational database?
Can it reverse-engineer an
OLAP Cube?
FK_MONTH_RELATIONS_YEAR
FK_BOOK_SAL_RELATIONS_MONTH
FK_BOOK_SAL_RELATIONS_PUBLICAT
Publication
Book Title
Publication Media Type Code
Publication Date
Dollar List Price
ISBN
Page Count
Primary Author Name
Primary Author Pseudonym
Primary Author Royalty Percent
age
CHAR(100)
NUMBER(2)
DATE
NUMBER(5,2)
NUMBER(13)
NUMBER(4)
CHAR(100)
CHAR(100)
NUMBER(2)
<pk>
<pk>
<i>
<i>
not null
not null
null
not null
not null
null
not null
null
null
Book Sales
Year Code
Month Code
Book Title
Publication Media Type Code
Gross Sales Value Amount
NUMBER(2)
NUMBER(2)
CHAR(100)
NUMBER(2)
NUMBER(5,2)
<pk,fk1>
<pk,fk1>
<pk,fk2>
<pk,fk2>
<i1,i2>
<i1,i2>
<i1,i3>
<i1,i3>
not null
not null
not null
not null
not null
Month
Year Code
Month Code
Month Description
CHAR(60)
CHAR(60)
CHAR(256)
<pk,fk>
<pk>
<i1,i2>
<i1>
not null
not null
null
Year
Year Code
Year Description
CHAR(60)
CHAR(256)
<pk> <i> not null
not null
Book Sales - Year_Month
Book Sales - Publication
Measure
Book Sales
Gross Sales Value Amount
Year Code
Month Code
Book Title
Publication Media Type Code
Year_Month
Year Year Code
Year Description
Month Year Code
Month Code
Month Description
<h:1>
<h:2>
<h:3>
Hierarchy_1 <Default> <h>
Publication
Book Title
Publication Media Type Code
Publication Date
Dollar List Price
ISBN
Page Count
Primary Author Name
Primary Author Pseudonym
Primary Author Royalty Percentage
<h:1>
<h:2>
Hierarchy_1 <Default> <h>
Attributes
Hierarchy

46. P / 47
Can a drawing
tool manage
versions,
branching and
configurations?
Repositories can support multiple
versions of models, branching to
support multiple environments, and
the grouping of related models to
form configurations.
Permissions can be varied by
repository folders, branches, projects,
and models.

47. P / 48
Can a drawing
tool provide
access via a
Portal?

48. P / 49
Can a
drawing tool
merge or
compare
models?

49. P / 51
Can a drawing
tool present a
different UI to
different users?
Can a drawing tool
give you control of
naming standards?Can a drawing tool
tell you which
diagrams an object is
in?
Does a drawing
tool allow you
to add
functionality?
Can a drawing
tool generate
HTML or RTF
reports?

50. P / 52
2. Approaches
_3 different approaches to
selecting tools

51. P / 53
Approaches

52. P / 54
TacticalEnterprise Best of Breed
Approaches

53. P / 55
Tactical Tool (E.g. Visio/PowerPoint)
_Advantages
›Best quick fit for the job
›Just-in-time, meets immediate need
›Quick (often zero) selection and procurement process
›Already have expertise (“Use what you know”)
_Disadvantages
›Does not meet strategic, long-term needs
›No metadata repository
›Lack of interoperability – difficulty in integrating data for holistic view
›Limited re-use / leverage possibilities

54. P / 56
Enterprise Toolset
_Benefits
›Multiple modelling capabilities (e.g. Data, Process,
Enterprise, Technology …..)
›Artefacts linked & shared in Enterprise class repository
›Skills can be shared across the enterprise
›Modelling artefacts stored and used consistently
›Aligned with strategic goals
_Disadvantages
›One size does not fit all, one “modelling” area capability may be sub-
optimal
›Easy to over-provision, unused functionality
›Protracted, expensive selection and procurement process
›May force unfamiliar techniques on users
the needs of the many outweigh the
needs of the few

55. P / 57
Best of Breed Tooling
_Benefits
›Best fit for a single modelling discipline
›Skills can be shared across the enterprise
›Volume license discounts
›Modelling artefacts in one type stored and used consistently
_Disadvantages
›Exchange of artefacts between modelling tools
›Potentially requires a 3rd party repository
›Potentially requires support from multiple vendors for full modelling
reach
›Great care required in selection and procurement process

56. P / 58
Some enterprise capable, others
suitable for small-scale modelling only
Some specific to data modelling,
others cover other aspects of
modelling, e.g. process modelling,
business architecture, enterprise
architecture
Some provide data modelling
capability only as part of other
functionality, e.g. part of database
programming IDE
Some targeted at particular database
platforms, whilst others are cross-
platform
A wide range of tools available
Data Modelling
Tools

57. P / 59
Each tool has strengths and
weaknesses
Consider capabilities in non-
data modelling areas too
Differences may not be obvious
from vendor marketing
Take time to evaluate
capabilities to select tool that
meets your needs
Summary
Data Modelling
Tools

58. P / 60
3. Evaluation method

59. P / 61
Outline Evaluation Method

60. P / 62
Steps 1-6
1. Establish TOR &
Identify
requirements
2. Identify
constraints
3. Tailor
evaluation criteria
4. Assign
weightings to
evaluation criteria
5. Compile an initial
list of candidate
products
6. Evaluate
products
• Evaluation Terms of Reference
• Statement of client requirements:
• High level functional requirements
• Performance & technical requirements
• Commercial requirements
• Key decision making criteria.
Key documents and deliverables :
• Statement of client constraints:
E.g. hardware; existing software; operating
system; cost; migration effort & timescale, risk,
staff skill
• Tailored, product & vendor evaluation
questionnaires
• Tailored, unweighted product & vendor
evaluation spreadsheet(s)
• Weighted product & vendor evaluation
spreadsheet(s)
• Short list of candidate products
• Product elimination or exclusion reasons
• Supplier pre-qualification questionnaires and/or
briefings prepared and issued
• Progress log for tracking status of
communications with suppliers.
• Issued vendor questionnaires,
• Vendor visit reports,
• User visit reports
Step
From 9 (sensitivity analysis)

61. P / 63
Steps 7-10
To 4 (assign weightings)
7. Apply the
evaluation criteria
against the
products
8. Score and rank
the products
9. Perform
sensitivity and
"what if" analyses
10. Present the
findings
* Reduce product list
* If necessary re-address
weightings
* More detailed evaluation
of reduced product list
• Updated product and vendor evaluation
spreadsheet(s)
• In house demonstration / proof of concept
report
• Scored & ranked spreadsheets
• Recommendation and rationale for exclusion /
adoption of products
• Obtain further information
• Confirm recommendation
• Product findings management summary
• Evaluation spreadsheet(s)
• Vendor product literature
• Product pros & cons
• Recommend product + implications for use
• Recommended next steps (e.g. procurement,
negotiate terms, POC, installation, etc)

62. P / 64
Why follow an evaluation approach?
›Often several different tools are already in place for different user communities.
›Evaluation must be seen to be fair and equitable, and address the priority
requirements.
›A selection cannot be effective if a checklist is the sole justification of whether
a product or supplier is suitable or not.
›A product rating highly on say the technical evaluation criteria may not always
be the best one for your particular environment, i.e. staff skill levels, attitude to
risk etc.
›Selection must not be solely based on how “good” a product is, but rather on
how well suited it is to business needs.
›The chosen product may not necessarily be the “best” on the market but it will
be the one that best meets your requirements, and yields the optimum
benefits.
›Critical that requirements are fully understood, documented and prioritised.
›Take advice to highlight the implications of requirements (or sometimes lack of
them) before the evaluation progresses too far.

63. P / 65
Evaluation Criteria
_Sources of knowledge
_Weighting approach
_Rating & Scoring approach

64. P / 66
Evaluation criteria - sources
I N F O R M A T I O N N E C E S S A R Y T O S C O R E T H E D E T A I L E D Q U E S T I O N S F O R E A C H
P R O D U C T W I L L B E D E R I V E D F R O M M A N Y P L A C E S I N C L U D I N G : -
›Actual experience of the evaluation team;
›Experience of other client staff;
›Reference visits, talking to existing users;
›Liaison and discussion with the vendors;
›Trying out the vendor training programs;
›Feedback from the press and the general marketplace;
›Evaluation reports such as those from Gartner, Ovum and Forrester;
›Consultancy support /previous evaluation projects;
›Benchmarking / trial licence use;
›Gut feel;
›……..

65. P / 67
Evaluation criteria - weighting
A S S I G N W E I G H T S S U C H T H A T T H E S U M O F T H E W E I G H T S F O R A L L
O F T H E C R I T E R I A I N T H E S U B - S U B - S E C T I O N E Q U A L S 1 0 0 ;
›The same technique is applied at the sub-section level to indicate the relative
importance of the sub-section within a section;
›The same technique is then applied at the section level to indicate the relative
importance of that section for a particular product type.
›If the evaluation is not just concerned with a single product type but with a complete
package of products from a single vendor, an additional level of weighting will be
used to indicate the relative importance of each product type within the complete
evaluation package.
›Each of the team members, in isolation, should apply weightings to the criteria.
›Review the complete set of weightings to identify any major discrepancies, these
should be discussed and finally agreed to give an overall team weighting.
›Undertake the weighting approach before any detailed investigation is undertaken.

66. P / 68
Section Heading Sub section Question Question
weight
Sub
section
weight
Section
weight
1. Vendor 40
1.1 Co details (general) Several questions / possibly sub-sub sections 10
1.2 Co details (product) Several questions / possibly sub-sub sections 10
1.3 Product plans Several questions / possibly sub-sub sections 15
1.4 Support Services /
training
Several questions / possibly sub-sub sections 25
1.5 Commercials Several questions / possibly sub-sub sections 40
100
2. Data Modelling Functional Capabilities 20
2.1 Model levels & types
supported
40
Enterprise & Conceptual model support 30
Logical model support 30
Physical model support 20
Dimensional model support 20
100
2.2 Methods & notations Several questions / possibly sub-sub sections 20
2.3 Sub model support Several questions / possibly sub-sub sections 20
2.4 Validation &
standards
Several questions / possibly sub-sub sections 20
100
3. Interfaces & Integration Several questions & sub sections 10
4. Management , Collaboration & Extension Several questions & sub sections 10
5. Repository Several questions & sub sections 10
6. Non functional Several questions & sub sections 10
TOTAL 100

67. P / 69
Evaluation criteria - rating
9-10 The product adequately satisfies the criterion and, in addition, has significant
usable advantages. A nine or ten is assigned based on the strength of these
advantages.
8 The product adequately satisfies the criterion, but has no particular strong points
or weak points.
5-7 The product meets the criterion but has some weak points. In certain cases, the
weak points can be somewhat counterbalanced against identified strong points.
In other instances, the solution could provide functional capabilities but will be
penalized for the ease of use of the features.
1-4 The product meets the criterion on a marginal basis only, and, in addition, has
significant weak points. In some instances, a weakness in a particular area can
be viewed as a technical constraint in the use of the product. It will also imply
that user programming or other non trivial work rounds will be required to meet a
particular requirement.
0 The product does not meet the criterion. Total user implementation will be
required.
Each member of the team, in isolation, performs the rating of the products.
Review to identify any discrepancies.
Discuss amongst the evaluation team & averaged to give a team rating.
Rating for each product is multiplied by weighting yielding a score for that product.
Scores are computed for all criteria; summarized to the sub-section, section, product type
and total level.

68. P / 70
Evaluation Categories
_Example data modelling tool evaluation categories

69. P / 71
Evaluation criteria (vendor)
T E X T
_Company Details (General)
›Size, Turnover, Geographic reach ….
_Company Details (Product Division)
›Product family tree, history, acquisition ….
_Product Plans / Philosophy
›Product direction, enhancement approach, vision ….
_Support, Services, Training
›Problem solving, fixes, professional services, training ….
_Contractual Terms / Commercial
›Licensing types, concurrent, named users, discount….

70. P / 72

71. P / 73

72. P / 74
Master &
Reference
Data
Management
Data
Warehousing
Business
Intelligence
Transaction
Data
Management
Semi-
Structured
Data
Management
Content &
Document
Management
Data
Integration &
Interoperability
Data
Quality
Management
Information
Lifecycle
Management
Data
Governance
Data
Asset
Planning
EIM
Goals &
Principles
Big
Data
Analytics
Data Models
& Taxonomy's
Metadata
Management
Geospatial
Data
Management
Reference Architecture W H A T I S T H E C O M P L E T E
P A C K A G E R E Q U I R E D T O B E
H I G H L Y E F F I C I E N T W . R . T .
D A T A M O D E L L I N G A C R O S S
T H E E N T E R P R I S E ?
EIM goals and strategies are business-driven for the
entire enterprise, underpinned by guiding principles
supported by senior management
Proactive planning for the information lifecycle
including the acquisition, manipulation, access,
use, archiving & disposal of information
The identification of appropriate data
integration approach for business challenges
e.g. ETL, P2P, EII, Data Virtualisation or EAI.
The full lifecycle control and
management of information from
acquisition to retention & destruction
Organise information to align
with business & technical goals
using Enterprise, Conceptual,
Logical & Physical models
Roles, responsibilities, structures and
procedures to ensure that data
assets are under active stewardship
Processes, procedures and
policies to ensure data is fit
for purpose and monitored
Metadata capture,
management, & manipulation
to place data in business &
technical context
Manage diverse data sources across the
organisation from transaction data
management, to data warehousing and
business intelligence, to Big Data analytics

73. P / 75
Data Modeling Tool
Features
_With life and data modeling tools, you
get what you pay for.
_The more you pay, the more features
are provided by the product.
_The wider your use of data models
within the organization, the more
features you tend to need.

74. P / 76
Evaluation criteria (tools)
R E Q U I R E M E N T S / E V A L U A T I O N C A T E G O R I E S
_Data Modelling Functional Capabilities
_Interfaces & Integration
_Management & Collaboration
_Repository
_Non-functional

75. P / 77
1. Data Modelling Functional
Capabilities
Model levels & type supported
 Enterprise, Conceptual, Logical, Physical, Dimensional
Methods / Notations
 ER, UML Class Diagrams, Barker, Object Relational
Sub models
 Model partitioning, Model linking, Generalisation &
Inheritance
Validation, Standards
 Model validation, Own rules

76. P / 78
“A Picture is Worth a Thousand
Words” Examples of High-Level Data Models

77. P / 79
Is Notation Important?
_Many Notations can be used to express a high-level data
model
_The choice of notation depends on purpose and audience
_For data-related initiatives, such as MDM and DW:
›ER modeling using IE (Information Engineering) is our choice of notation
›It is important that your high-level model uses a tool that can generate
DDL, or can import/export with a tool that can
›A repository-based solution helps with reuse and standards for enterprise-
wide initiatives
_We’re not producing art

78. P / 80
Blog: Information Management, Life & Petrol
http://infomanagementlifeandpetrol.blogspot.com

79. P / 81
Merise Notation
0,n
(1,1)0,n
1,1
0,n
Inheritance_1
Entity_1
Sub Type
Super Type
Relationship_1
Relationship_2
Entity_4

80. P / 82
Barker Notation
Relationship_2
Relationship_1Entity_1
Super Type
Sub Type

81. P / 83
IDEF1X Notation
Relationship_2
Relationship_1
Inheritance_1
Entity_1
Sub Type
Super Type

82. P / 84
Information Engineering
Relationship_2
Relationship_1
Inheritance_1
Entity_1
Sub Type
Super Type

83. P / 85
1. Data Modelling Functional
Capabilities: Usability
_C o n t r o l o v e r t h e w i n d o w s a n d
t o o l b a r s d i s p l a y e d , a n d t h e i r p o s i t i o n
a n d s i z e
_A u t o - l a y o u t o f s e l e c t e d p a r t s o f a
d i a g r a m o r a c o m p l e t e d i a g r a m
_C o n t r o l o f t h e p l a c e m e n t o f s y m b o l s
o n a d i a g r a m b y t h e a n a l y s t
_C o n t r o l o v e r t h e s t y l e a n d c o n t e n t o f
s y m b o l s b y t h e a n a l y s t
_F l e x i b l e e d i t i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s
_F l e x i b l e d i a g r a m p r i n t i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s
_R e p l a c e s e l e c t e d t e x t i n o b j e c t n a m e s
a n d o t h e r p r o p e r t i e s
_A n n o t a t e d i a g r a m s w i t h a d d i t i o n a l
s y m b o l s t o i m p r o v e c o m m u n i c a t i o n
_E x p e r t , t i m e l y s u p p o r t a v a i l a b l e

84. P / 86

85. P / 87

86. P / 88
2. Interfaces & Integration
Generation capabilities
 DBMS, XML, Cubes, Rules, Stored Procedures,
Triggers, SOA,
 Roll up / down
Reverse Engineering
 ER <> Class, XML, DBMS
Integration
 Business process, EA, Dev tools
MetaData Exchange
 XMI, Direct tool interfaces,
Missing component reporting

87. P / 89
2. Interfaces and Integration
_ I m p o r t e x i s t i n g d a t a m o d e l s c r e a t e d b y
o t h e r t o o l s
_ R e v e r s e e n g i n e e r e x i s t i n g d a t a a r t e f a c t s ,
s u c h a s X M L s c h e m a s a n d d a t a b a s e
s c h e m a s , i n t o p h y s i c a l d a t a m o d e l s
_ G e n e r a t e o r u p d a t e a n e x t e r n a l d a t a
a r t i f a c t , s u c h a s a n X M L o r d a t a b a s e
s c h e m a , f r o m a d a t a m o d e l
_ C r e a t e o r u p d a t e a m o d e l b a s e d u p o n
i n f o r m a t i o n h e l d i n s p r e a d s h e e t s
_ C o m p a r e t w o d a t a m o d e l s , a n d u p d a t e o n e
o r b o t h m o d e l s a s a r e s u l t ( t h i s m a y a l s o b e
r e f e r r e d t o a s m e r g i n g m o d e l s )
_ C o m p a r e a d a t a m o d e l w i t h a n e x i s t i n g
d a t a a r t i f a c t , s u c h a s a n X M L o r d a t a b a s e
s c h e m a , a n d u p d a t e t h e m o d e l a n d / o r t h e
d a t a a r t i f a c t a s a r e s u l t
_ E x p o r t d a t a m o d e l s i n a f o r m a t t h a t c a n
b e o p e n e d b y o t h e r t o o l s
_ B u i l d c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e s o r t r a c e a b i l i t y
l i n k s b e t w e e n d a t a m o d e l o b j e c t s a n d
o b j e c t s d e f i n e d i n o t h e r t y p e s o f
m o d e l s , s u c h a s b u s i n e s s p r o c e s s o r
e n t e r p r i s e a r c h i t e c t u r e m o d e l s
_ I n t e g r a t i o n w i t h p o p u l a r d e v e l o p m e n t
e n v i r o n m e n t s
_ I n t e g r a t i o n w i t h p r o c e s s a n d p o r t f o l i o
m a n a g e m e n t w o r k f l o w s , a n d w i t h I T
c o n f i g u r a t i o n m a n a g e m e n t
_ G e n e r a t e s c r i p t s t o m a n a g e t h e
m o v e m e n t o f d a t a t h r o u g h t h e a r c h i v i n g
c y c l e , o r d a t a m o v e m e n t s

88. P / 90

89. P / 91
3. Management, Collaboration &
Extension
Collaboration
 Multi team usage, Team working capabilities, Workflow
Ease of Use
 Global standards, Search, Usability
Import, Merge, Compare
 Types of import, Conflict resolution, Comparison types,
Generate delta vs. total DDL
Extensibility
 User defined properties, New metadata types, Open API, Macros,
Published Object Model, Published Repository Model
Security & Control
 Access Control, Content Control, Functionality Control,
Version control, Auditing
Reporting
 Definition, Publishing, Web / Intranet Portal

90. P / 92
3. Management, Collaboration &
Extension
_E x t e n d t h e t o o l ’ s u n d e r l y i n g
d a t a m o d e l , a l l o w i n g a n a l y s t s
t o c h a n g e t h e w a y i n w h i c h
m o d e l o b j e c t s a r e d e f i n e d a n d
t o d e f i n e n e w t y p e s o f m o d e l
o b j e c t s
_E x t r a c t i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m m o d e l
o b j e c t s f o r p u b l i c a t i o n i n
v a r i o u s f o r m a t s , s u c h a s H T M L
a n d d o c u m e n t s
_P r o v i d e a c c e s s t o t h e c o n t e n t
o f m o d e l s v i a a p r o g r a m m a b l e
i n t e r f a c e , t o p r o v i d e a
m e c h a n i s m f o r t h e a u t o m a t i o n
o f r e p e t i t i v e t a s k s , a n d t o
e x t e n d t h e f u n c t i o n a l i t y
p r o v i d e d b y t h e t o o l
_I n t e g r a t e w i t h L D A P / A c t i v e
D i r e c t o r y f o r u s e r
a u t h e n t i c a t i o n

91. P / 93

92. P / 94
& version control & auditing …

93. P / 95
4. Repository
Tool Integration & Data Definition
 Model repository, Active vs Passive, Types, Validation
Architecture
 Stand alone tool, Repository architecture, Reporting, CWM
Extensibility
 Own metadata, non “data model” metadata

94. P / 96

95. P / 97
Example Repository Uses
Common requirements?
•Metadata of ROR’s
•Models of ROR
•Business definitions
•Ownership
•Stakeholders
•Provenance
•Business roles
•Security
•Version control
•Synonym support
•Reporting
• …….
SoA
Services
Directory
Data
Distribution
Services
(eg DV)
Enterprise
Data
Catalogue
Data
Modelling
Repository

96. P / 98
5. Non Functional
Cloud Data Modelling Service
 Provision & use in Cloud, DMaaS, Cloud licensing
User Group
 Vendor support, How active
Documentation
 Product, Quick Start standards

97. P / 99
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
WeightedTotal
Weighted Total Summary
Soft Issues
Data Modelling Respository
Management Features
Interfaces and Integration
Modelling

98. P / 100
Enterprise Repository
Data Modelling
Business Process
Technology
Infrastructure E
Enterprise Repository
Data Modelling
Business Process
Technology
Infrastructure A
Enterprise Repository
Data Modelling
Business Process
Technology
Infrastructure P
Enterprise Repository
Data Modelling
Business Process
Technology
Infrastructure S

99. P / 101
4. Vendors and Products

100. P / 102
Process Modelling Tools

101. P / 103
Data Integration Tools

102. P / 104
Object Modelling Tools

103. P / 105
Business Intelligence/Reporting Tools

104. P / 106
Data Quality/Profiling/Cleansing Tools

105. P / 107
Data Modelling Tools
http://www.information-
management.com/media/pdfs/MySoftForge.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_
data_modeling_tools
Dezign
Modelright
Others
See databaseanswers.com

106. P / 108
Metadata Repositories
Rochade
Adaptive
Metadata Manager
Dataflux
etc

107. P / 109

108. P / 110
5. Summary

109. P / 112
Summary
3 approaches to evaluating tools
An evaluation method provides auditability
Weight before scoring
Get stakeholders involved
It’s YOUR requirements, NOT an academic study
Information is at the heart of all architecture disciplines
There's more to modelling than just data

110. P / 113
And finally
The quality and reliability of comparative evaluations issued by vendors varies
significantly
 the worst we’ve seen (very recently) was ‘unofficial’, presumably produced by a sales
rep for a particular customer. It was completely unprofessional, the sole intention was to
rubbish a competitor, no matter how true it was. For example,
 claiming that the other tool doesn't support feature Y, just because it doesn’t have a
feature called Y - in this case, it does support that feature, just happens to give it a
different name
 missing information – “my tool supports both relational and dimensional modelling” –
doesn’t mention the fact that the other tool also supports both of them
 apparent hearsay – throwaway comments such as “they say that my tool can
leverage colour better than tool Y” with no supporting information
 it’s very difficult to produce an unbiased and detailed comparison of tools, as very few
people know the target tools in sufficient detail
 take everything with a huge pinch of salt – take time to come to your own conclusions
H O W M U C H C A N Y O U R E L Y O N T O O L C O M P A R I S O N S F R O M V E N D O R S ?

111. P / 114
Are you going this year? It’s
at October 5th-7th at Chapel
Hill, North Carolina.
Find out more or register at
http://datamodelingzone.com
Alternatively, go to
Hamburg, Germany
September 28th-29th.
To receive a discount of 20%
when you register, use this
discount code –
MCGEACHIE

112. P / 115
Contact:
My blog: Information Management, Life & Petrol
http://infomanagementlifeandpetrol.blogspot.com
@InfoRacer
uk.linkedin.com/in/christophermichaelbradley/
Christopher Bradley
Information Strategy Advisor
+44 7973 184475
chris@chrismb.co.uk