Dr. Jared Buono, Hydrologist at Gram Pari talks about how Groundwater recharge and Spring Revival can go hand in hand. It can supply clean drinking water and mobilize community at the same time.
17. • Up to 1,00,000 liters per day
• 50 to 1400m above sea level
• Geology: basalt, laterite or talus
• Spring type: contact or fracture
General Spring Characteristics
18. Water quality of springs
• Water quality very good; min & max values
– Temp: 17 – 22 °C (winter)
– Ph: 7.3 – 8.3
– TDS: 35 – 160 mg/l
– EC: 70 – 320 mmho/cm
– Hardness (CaCO3): 30 – 140 mg/l
– Na: 2 – 25 mg/l
– K: 0 – 2 mg/l
– Ca2: 10 – 36 mg/l
– Mg2: 1 – 12 mg/l
– HCO3: 31 – 177 mg/l
– Cl: 7 – 14 mg/l
– Fe2: 0.4 – 0.7 mg/l *****
From Naik et al. 2000
• Only iron shows marginal excess
• Pathogens are rare at source (e.g. no fecals)
20. Socioeconomic value
– Uses: drinking, irrigation, temples, animals
– Safe and sustainable source of drinking water
• Gravity-fed = no pumping cost
• Year round supply
• Water quality very high
31. Almost all springs
under threat
Declining flow due to:
• Deforestation
• Groundwater
exploitation
32. • How many springs
are there?
• How many people
affected?
33. Karjat Area:
Elevation – 50 m
Flow – ~7 l/m
Use – irrigation
Status – disuse,
loss to bore wells
Pune Area:
Elevation – 700 m
Flow – ~10 l/m
Use – drinking
Status – loss to
bores, wells
Koyna Area:
Elev – 800 m
Flow – ~30 l/m
Use – drinking
Status – healthy in
unpopulated area
Panchgani Area:
Elev – 1200 m
Flow – ~9 l/m
Use – drinking
Status – loss to
bores, wells
35. Maharashtra
Location Map
SATARA DISTRICT SPRINGS
Legend
District Boundary
Taluka Boundary
Spring Locations (Subsample)
Laterite Tableland Formations
• Our growing map of springs
• For every point there are probably
100 more
36. Detailed survey:
• >20 spring systems
• 10 dependent villages
• >10000 people
• All springs threatened
38. Western Ghats Watersheds
- Cover 9 states
- Direct water supply for
120 million people
- Indirect, >400 million
*Molur et al. 2011
Modified from Molur et al. 2011
Western Ghats
53. Massive Basalt
Vesicular Basalt
Talus & Soils
Complex
1315 m
1220 m
1187 m
1125 m
1090 m
Massive Basalt
Vesicular Basalt
Laterite Rocky
Plateau
RECHARGE ZONE
SPRING – DISCHARGE
ZONE
Godavalli Village:
Recharge & Discharge
Zones
Feb 2014
54. Massive Basalt
Vesicular Basalt
Talus & Soils
Complex
1315 m
1220 m
1187 m
1125 m
1090 m
Massive Basalt
Vesicular Basalt
Laterite Rocky
Plateau
Recharge Zone
Feb 2014
55. Lineament/Fracture Zone along Nala
Management – Reforestation
Management – Roof Water Harvest &
Limited Pumping
Laterite - Basalt Contact Contour
N
Management Recommendations
Feb 2014
57. • Expand to more villages
• Create a knowledge base in area
• Applied research to better understand springs
• Hydrologic importance of laterite plateaus
• Quantify land-use effects on spring flow
• Provide spring-specific policy recommendations
Future Activities
58. THANKS!
Now come work with us…
jared.buono@gmail.com | +91 966 537 4629
dhanuambrale.7@gmail.com | +91 997 579 9311
grampari.org
facebook/grampari.org
REFERENCES:
Molur, S., Smith, K.G., Daniel, B.A. and Darwall, W.R.T. (Compilers). 2011. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in
the Western Ghats, India. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, and Coimbatore, India: Zoo Outreach Organisation.
Naik, P.K., · A.K. Awasthi, P.C. Mohan. 2002. Springs in a Headwater Basin in the Deccan Trap Country of the Western Ghats, India.
Hydrogeology Journal (2002) 10:553–565.
61. GRAMPARI
MISSION:
- Empower rural India
through thoughtful,
community-led
programs
CORE AREAS:
- Livelihoods
- Governance
- Health &
Environment