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Authority, Leadership
                               and Power
                          Scrum Masters’ Tales
                                       Ilan Kirschenbaum
                          Agile coach and co-founder @ practical-agile
                                        twitter: @kirschi_
                                 email: ilan@practical-agile.com
                                   blog: http://fostnope.com
                            Company site: www.practical-agile.com



Friday, December 28, 12
David and
                Goliath
               Extraordinary form of
                    leadership
                 With what kind of
                    authority?

                                       Osmar Schindler (1869-1927): David und Goliath, 1888
                                       Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath




Friday, December 28, 12
King David &
      Bathsheba
     Disputed form of leadership
        with unquestionable
              authority


                                   Bathsheba in her bath- Pablo Veronese
                                   Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathsheba




Friday, December 28, 12
David and
                 Saul
             Emerging leadership
            overthrowing authority



                                     Julius Kronberg David och Saul
                                     Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul




Friday, December 28, 12
Three powerful forms of leadership

                          Three distinctively different types of
                          authority

                          Three styles, one person in different
                          roles



Friday, December 28, 12
Who is Ilan?
     •S/W Engineer
     •20 years in s/w (developer,
     architect, product manager and
     other roles)
     •Father
     •Agile coach
     •Blogger
     •Co-Founder at “Practical-Agile”
     •Co-Organizer of “Agile
     Practitioners IL” group




Friday, December 28, 12
In Search of the
              Perfect Scrum Master


Friday, December 28, 12
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbSpAsJSZPc


Friday, December 28, 12
Authority




                                  Influence



                          Power               Leadership



Friday, December 28, 12
Authority



Friday, December 28, 12
Authority

                            Authority from above

                            Authority from within

                            Authority from below




Friday, December 28, 12
Authority from above

                            David, in David and Bathsheba

                            Permission given by legal right or by
                            an organization or manager

                          This is what we usually mean when we
                          say Authority


Friday, December 28, 12
Authority from within

                            David, in David and Goliath

                            The inner conviction to be able to
                            perform a task




Friday, December 28, 12
Authority from below

                            David, in David and Saul

                            The permission given by subordinates
                            and peers




Friday, December 28, 12
Power



Friday, December 28, 12
Power: The observation and
                          manipulation of task, time, space &
                          resources to influence others for action




Friday, December 28, 12
Power, Authority & Language


                          You must ...       How about ...

                          You failed to do   We made a
                          your task          mistake

                          I decided to ...   We need to decide


Friday, December 28, 12
Leadership



Friday, December 28, 12
Leadership

                            The ability to combine authority and
                            power suitable for the situation in
                            order to influence a group of people




Friday, December 28, 12
The Scrum Team



Friday, December 28, 12
Dave Loper
                                 The Team                   Sam Moss


                          Where does the Scrum Master go?

   Kew Aye




  Dotty Net




Friday, December 28, 12
The Team                 Sam Moss


                          Where does the Scrum Master go?

                            Kew Aye   Dotty Net   Dave Loper




Friday, December 28, 12
The Team
                          Where does the Scrum Master go?
                                                               Sam Moss

                            Kew Aye   Dotty Net   Dave Loper




Friday, December 28, 12
The Scrum Master operates in the
                          boundary between

                            what’s in the team

                            what’s outside the team




Friday, December 28, 12
The scrum master protects the
                          boundaries:

                            Task

                            Time

                            Space

                            Resources


Friday, December 28, 12
The scrum master protects the
                          boundaries:

                            Task - backlog, DOD, priorities, ...

                            Time - ceremonies, sprint, ...

                            Space - ceremonies, team room, ...

                            Resources - members, systems, ...


Friday, December 28, 12
The Scrum Master protects the team

                            From the world outside

                            From itself

                          This, with respect to task, time, space,
                          and resources



Friday, December 28, 12
Leadership Within
                             Boundaries


Friday, December 28, 12
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Miwb92eZaJg


Friday, December 28, 12
The boundaries are a range, not a thin
                          line

                          Start from a familiar “ordered” system

                          Evolve to the complexity model




Friday, December 28, 12
Tuckman’s model of
                           team development
                                               Performing

    Forming

                                         ing
                                       rm
                          St




                                    No
                           or
                            m
                             in
                                g




Friday, December 28, 12
Tuckman’s model of
                           team development
                                                                Performing
                                                                  Maintain the
                                                                 complex system
    Forming                   Observe



                                              ing
                             emerging
    Educate on              boundaries
   Scrum while                              rm
                                               Make sense of
    respecting
                          St




                                         No
                                              boundaries with
 existing process
                           or




                                                 emerging
                            m




                                                  norms
                             in
                                g




Friday, December 28, 12
Leadership through Authority and Power
                     Within




                                                                   Within




                                                                                                              Within
                              Above




                                                                            Above




                                                                                                                       Above
                                      Power




                                                                                     Power




                                                                                                                               Power
             Below




                                                           Below




                                                                                                      Below
                Authority                                     Authority                                  Authority

                                                                                                      Performing
                                                                                                           Maintain the
                                                                                                          complex system
    Forming                                     Observe



                                                                        ing
                                               emerging
                                              boundaries
    Educate and                                                       rm
    use existing                                                                     Make sense of
                                         St




                                                                   No
      process                                                                       boundaries with
                                              or




                                                                                       emerging
                                              m




                                                                                        norms
                                               in
                                                   g




Friday, December 28, 12
Dave Loper is an experienced Java developer.
                          Since starting Scrum he feels he is working
                          too hard; the other team members are not up
                          to scratch; there are too many meetings

                          Kew Aye is a tester in the same team. Since
                          starting Scrum she feels she lost the big
                          picture; she is way too busy towards end of
                          sprint; her opinion is not heard

                          What should Sam Moss, the SM, do?


Friday, December 28, 12
The Scrum Team,
                             Continued


Friday, December 28, 12
The Team
                          Where does the Product Owner go?
                                                                Sam Moss

                             Kew Aye   Dotty Net   Dave Loper

                                                                       Pete Owen




Friday, December 28, 12
The Team
                          Where does the Product Owner go?
                                                                Sam Moss

                             Kew Aye   Dotty Net   Dave Loper



                                                                Pete Owen




Friday, December 28, 12
The Product Owner also operates in the
                          boundary between

                            what’s in the team

                            what’s outside the team




Friday, December 28, 12
The Product Owner defines the boundaries
                          of the task

                            What do to (user stories)

                            When to do it (priorities)

                            How to validate it (Acceptance Criteria,
                            DoD)

                            How to react to changes (Grooming)


Friday, December 28, 12
The Scrum Master and Product Owner
                          mutually work on

                            What to do

                            How to do it

                            Reacting to emerging changes on
                            task, time, space & resources

                            Who does what

Friday, December 28, 12
A good Product Owner

                            exercises mostly Authority From
                            Within - through unique knowledge




                                                                  Within

                                                                           Above

                                                                                   Power
                                                          Below
                            Builds authority from below
                                                              Authority



                            exercises power by making tough
                            decisions on scope (task)


Friday, December 28, 12
Pete Owen is a veteran Product Manager.
                          Since moving to Scrum he is
                          overburdened with team meetings, and
                          has little time to do his ‘real’ work.

                          Sam Moss, the Scrum Master, asked
                          Pete to meet daily 5 minutes before the
                          Daily Stand-up to focus on the #1
                          priority for the day.


Friday, December 28, 12
Dilemmas of Becoming
              a Scrum Team


Friday, December 28, 12
The Team
                          Where does the Team Leader go?
                                                               Sam Moss

                            Kew Aye   Dotty Net   Dave Loper
Terry Lopez

                                                               Pete Owen




Friday, December 28, 12
The Team
                          Where does the Team Leader go?
                                                                       Sam Moss

                            Kew Aye   Dotty Net   Dave Loper



                                                                       Pete Owen

                                                         Terry Lopez




Friday, December 28, 12
The Team
                            Now there are two teams
                                                             Sam Moss

                          Kew Aye   Dotty Net   Dave Loper

                                                              Pete Owen


                                                       Terry Lopez




Friday, December 28, 12
Two’s company, Three’s a crowd

                          The team beyond the development team
                          needs to manage its own boundaries

                          Build mechanism to influence task,
                          time, space and resources



Friday, December 28, 12
This management team deals with:

                            Task: Coding standards; Vacations;
                            Upper management requirements

                            Time: Its own regular and irregular
                            meetings

                            Space: Sitting arrangements (PO, SM,
                            TL); Meeting place

                            Resources: Dev team; systems; ...

Friday, December 28, 12
Example for possible mechanisms

                            (PO, SM, TL) retrospect regularly

                            (PO, SM, TL) meet daily, just before/
                            after the dev-team standup

                            Phase out the TL role

                            Reshuffle the teams


Friday, December 28, 12
Managing boundaries (and not people)
                          requires a different type of leadership




Friday, December 28, 12
This kind of leadership assumes

                            Develop authority from within

                            Encourage authority from below

                            Dampen authority from above

                            Observe sources of power, and adjust
                            to this framework


Friday, December 28, 12
It’s like moving to a new country, where
                          you don’t know the language and
                          culture.

                          Known assumptions may appear
                          inadequate




Friday, December 28, 12
http://www.ted.com/talks/
                          derek_sivers_weird_or_just_different.html

Friday, December 28, 12
Good Scrum Masters

                          Lead the team to become self
                          managed, accountable and
                          productive.

                          Inspire the Scrum team to live by the
                          Agile values and principles, and the
                          Scrum framework.

                          Servant, will do whatever is needed to


Friday, December 28, 12
Q&A



Friday, December 28, 12
Thank you



Friday, December 28, 12
References:
  Authority, power and leadership. Anton Obholzer, The Unconscious At Work, Routledge 1994, ISBN
  0-415-10206
  The organization of work. Vega Zagier Roberts, The Unconscious At Work, Routledge 1994, ISBN
  0-415-10206
   http://www.ofek-groups.org/index.php? ‫הרהורים בנושא גבולות - תיאוריה ויישומה, תיאוריה ויישומה. גבי בונויט‬
                                                       option=com_content&task=view&id=41&Itemid=65
  The Official SCRUM Rulebook, Ken Schwaber & Jeff Sutherland http://www.scrum.org/Scrum-
  Guides
  Bruce Tuckman, Tuckman’s stages of group development http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
  Tuckman's_stages_of_group_development
  Videos:
  Reebok Terry Tate Commercial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbSpAsJSZPc
  Dave Snowden, How to organise a children’s party http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Miwb92eZaJg
  Derek Sivers, weird or just different, http://www.ted.com/talks/
  derek_sivers_weird_or_just_different.html
  Images:
  Osmar Schindler (1869-1927): David und Goliath, 1888, Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/
  wiki/Goliath
  Bathsheba in her bath- Pablo Veronese, Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathsheba
  Julius Kronberg David och Saul, Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul




Friday, December 28, 12

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Scrum Master Role - Authority, Power and Leadership

  • 1. Authority, Leadership and Power Scrum Masters’ Tales Ilan Kirschenbaum Agile coach and co-founder @ practical-agile twitter: @kirschi_ email: ilan@practical-agile.com blog: http://fostnope.com Company site: www.practical-agile.com Friday, December 28, 12
  • 2. David and Goliath Extraordinary form of leadership With what kind of authority? Osmar Schindler (1869-1927): David und Goliath, 1888 Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath Friday, December 28, 12
  • 3. King David & Bathsheba Disputed form of leadership with unquestionable authority Bathsheba in her bath- Pablo Veronese Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathsheba Friday, December 28, 12
  • 4. David and Saul Emerging leadership overthrowing authority Julius Kronberg David och Saul Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul Friday, December 28, 12
  • 5. Three powerful forms of leadership Three distinctively different types of authority Three styles, one person in different roles Friday, December 28, 12
  • 6. Who is Ilan? •S/W Engineer •20 years in s/w (developer, architect, product manager and other roles) •Father •Agile coach •Blogger •Co-Founder at “Practical-Agile” •Co-Organizer of “Agile Practitioners IL” group Friday, December 28, 12
  • 7. In Search of the Perfect Scrum Master Friday, December 28, 12
  • 9. Authority Influence Power Leadership Friday, December 28, 12
  • 11. Authority Authority from above Authority from within Authority from below Friday, December 28, 12
  • 12. Authority from above David, in David and Bathsheba Permission given by legal right or by an organization or manager This is what we usually mean when we say Authority Friday, December 28, 12
  • 13. Authority from within David, in David and Goliath The inner conviction to be able to perform a task Friday, December 28, 12
  • 14. Authority from below David, in David and Saul The permission given by subordinates and peers Friday, December 28, 12
  • 16. Power: The observation and manipulation of task, time, space & resources to influence others for action Friday, December 28, 12
  • 17. Power, Authority & Language You must ... How about ... You failed to do We made a your task mistake I decided to ... We need to decide Friday, December 28, 12
  • 19. Leadership The ability to combine authority and power suitable for the situation in order to influence a group of people Friday, December 28, 12
  • 20. The Scrum Team Friday, December 28, 12
  • 21. Dave Loper The Team Sam Moss Where does the Scrum Master go? Kew Aye Dotty Net Friday, December 28, 12
  • 22. The Team Sam Moss Where does the Scrum Master go? Kew Aye Dotty Net Dave Loper Friday, December 28, 12
  • 23. The Team Where does the Scrum Master go? Sam Moss Kew Aye Dotty Net Dave Loper Friday, December 28, 12
  • 24. The Scrum Master operates in the boundary between what’s in the team what’s outside the team Friday, December 28, 12
  • 25. The scrum master protects the boundaries: Task Time Space Resources Friday, December 28, 12
  • 26. The scrum master protects the boundaries: Task - backlog, DOD, priorities, ... Time - ceremonies, sprint, ... Space - ceremonies, team room, ... Resources - members, systems, ... Friday, December 28, 12
  • 27. The Scrum Master protects the team From the world outside From itself This, with respect to task, time, space, and resources Friday, December 28, 12
  • 28. Leadership Within Boundaries Friday, December 28, 12
  • 30. The boundaries are a range, not a thin line Start from a familiar “ordered” system Evolve to the complexity model Friday, December 28, 12
  • 31. Tuckman’s model of team development Performing Forming ing rm St No or m in g Friday, December 28, 12
  • 32. Tuckman’s model of team development Performing Maintain the complex system Forming Observe ing emerging Educate on boundaries Scrum while rm Make sense of respecting St No boundaries with existing process or emerging m norms in g Friday, December 28, 12
  • 33. Leadership through Authority and Power Within Within Within Above Above Above Power Power Power Below Below Below Authority Authority Authority Performing Maintain the complex system Forming Observe ing emerging boundaries Educate and rm use existing Make sense of St No process boundaries with or emerging m norms in g Friday, December 28, 12
  • 34. Dave Loper is an experienced Java developer. Since starting Scrum he feels he is working too hard; the other team members are not up to scratch; there are too many meetings Kew Aye is a tester in the same team. Since starting Scrum she feels she lost the big picture; she is way too busy towards end of sprint; her opinion is not heard What should Sam Moss, the SM, do? Friday, December 28, 12
  • 35. The Scrum Team, Continued Friday, December 28, 12
  • 36. The Team Where does the Product Owner go? Sam Moss Kew Aye Dotty Net Dave Loper Pete Owen Friday, December 28, 12
  • 37. The Team Where does the Product Owner go? Sam Moss Kew Aye Dotty Net Dave Loper Pete Owen Friday, December 28, 12
  • 38. The Product Owner also operates in the boundary between what’s in the team what’s outside the team Friday, December 28, 12
  • 39. The Product Owner defines the boundaries of the task What do to (user stories) When to do it (priorities) How to validate it (Acceptance Criteria, DoD) How to react to changes (Grooming) Friday, December 28, 12
  • 40. The Scrum Master and Product Owner mutually work on What to do How to do it Reacting to emerging changes on task, time, space & resources Who does what Friday, December 28, 12
  • 41. A good Product Owner exercises mostly Authority From Within - through unique knowledge Within Above Power Below Builds authority from below Authority exercises power by making tough decisions on scope (task) Friday, December 28, 12
  • 42. Pete Owen is a veteran Product Manager. Since moving to Scrum he is overburdened with team meetings, and has little time to do his ‘real’ work. Sam Moss, the Scrum Master, asked Pete to meet daily 5 minutes before the Daily Stand-up to focus on the #1 priority for the day. Friday, December 28, 12
  • 43. Dilemmas of Becoming a Scrum Team Friday, December 28, 12
  • 44. The Team Where does the Team Leader go? Sam Moss Kew Aye Dotty Net Dave Loper Terry Lopez Pete Owen Friday, December 28, 12
  • 45. The Team Where does the Team Leader go? Sam Moss Kew Aye Dotty Net Dave Loper Pete Owen Terry Lopez Friday, December 28, 12
  • 46. The Team Now there are two teams Sam Moss Kew Aye Dotty Net Dave Loper Pete Owen Terry Lopez Friday, December 28, 12
  • 47. Two’s company, Three’s a crowd The team beyond the development team needs to manage its own boundaries Build mechanism to influence task, time, space and resources Friday, December 28, 12
  • 48. This management team deals with: Task: Coding standards; Vacations; Upper management requirements Time: Its own regular and irregular meetings Space: Sitting arrangements (PO, SM, TL); Meeting place Resources: Dev team; systems; ... Friday, December 28, 12
  • 49. Example for possible mechanisms (PO, SM, TL) retrospect regularly (PO, SM, TL) meet daily, just before/ after the dev-team standup Phase out the TL role Reshuffle the teams Friday, December 28, 12
  • 50. Managing boundaries (and not people) requires a different type of leadership Friday, December 28, 12
  • 51. This kind of leadership assumes Develop authority from within Encourage authority from below Dampen authority from above Observe sources of power, and adjust to this framework Friday, December 28, 12
  • 52. It’s like moving to a new country, where you don’t know the language and culture. Known assumptions may appear inadequate Friday, December 28, 12
  • 53. http://www.ted.com/talks/ derek_sivers_weird_or_just_different.html Friday, December 28, 12
  • 54. Good Scrum Masters Lead the team to become self managed, accountable and productive. Inspire the Scrum team to live by the Agile values and principles, and the Scrum framework. Servant, will do whatever is needed to Friday, December 28, 12
  • 57. References: Authority, power and leadership. Anton Obholzer, The Unconscious At Work, Routledge 1994, ISBN 0-415-10206 The organization of work. Vega Zagier Roberts, The Unconscious At Work, Routledge 1994, ISBN 0-415-10206 http://www.ofek-groups.org/index.php? ‫הרהורים בנושא גבולות - תיאוריה ויישומה, תיאוריה ויישומה. גבי בונויט‬ option=com_content&task=view&id=41&Itemid=65 The Official SCRUM Rulebook, Ken Schwaber & Jeff Sutherland http://www.scrum.org/Scrum- Guides Bruce Tuckman, Tuckman’s stages of group development http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Tuckman's_stages_of_group_development Videos: Reebok Terry Tate Commercial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbSpAsJSZPc Dave Snowden, How to organise a children’s party http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Miwb92eZaJg Derek Sivers, weird or just different, http://www.ted.com/talks/ derek_sivers_weird_or_just_different.html Images: Osmar Schindler (1869-1927): David und Goliath, 1888, Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Goliath Bathsheba in her bath- Pablo Veronese, Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathsheba Julius Kronberg David och Saul, Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul Friday, December 28, 12