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Mobile Accessibility

     Henny Swan
     #MobA11y
Henny Swan
Accessibility Hobo /
Senior Usability and Accessibility Specialist, BBC
@iheni
www.iheni.com
henny@iheni.com
Mobile + Accessibility = MobA11y
1 / Mobile accessibility
2 / Strategy
4 / Build
3 / Responsive design
5 /Test
6 / Next
1 / Mobile accessibility
What is
‘mobile’?   Mobile web
              Viewing content on devices with a
              browser
            Web apps
              Browser based web applications
              built with HTML, CSS and JavaScript
            Native apps
              Downloaded applications that take
              advantage of phone capabilities
              (proprietary or Java based)
            Hybrid apps
            Built with HTML, CSS and JavaScript,
              downloadable and can access phone
              capabilities
Diverse user model
What is            Sight, hearing, mobility, learning and cognition
                   Access technology users
‘accessibility’?   Screen readers, screen magnification, voice
                      input
                   Access services
                   Caption, subtitles, audio description, signing
                   Hidden disability
                   Chronic fatigue, depression, ME, fibromyalgia,
                      vertigo, nausea, photo sensitivity
                   Aging
                   Deterioration, first time users
                   Temporary
                   RSI, broken wrists, back pain, short-term illness
                   Cultural
                   Language, colour, iconography
                   Technology
                      Hardware, software, access
Mobile is
by definition   Poor light
disabling       Glare
                Small fonts
                Poor image and colour support
                Small keyboards
                No mouse
                Touch
                One hand
                Screen size
Mobile is
by definition   Task based
is enabling     Geolocation
                   Camera integration
                   Calendar integration

                Mobile is more agile than desktop
                  Software development
                  Uptake of web standards?

                Bridges the digital divide
                   I can’t afford a computer but I have a
                   mobile
Essential
ingredients of   Web standards
accessibility    Web browser
                 Platform Accessibility API
                 Assistive technology
                 Platform accessibility features
                 Users




    Nom, nom,                          Not so nom, nom
Platform
accessibility   The bridge between applications and
APIs            assistive technology
                   Enables screen readers to read
                   Less mature on mobile than desktop
                iOS has the best support
                   Android working on it
There’s nothing on iPhone or
iPad that you can do that I can’t
do.
                  Stevie Wonder
2 / Strategy
What devices                          1. Assess mobile OS and browser
should I                                 market share

support?                              2. Review devices in existing company
                                         test plans

                                      3. Assess which popular devices
                                         support accessibility

                                      4. Establish what devices people are
                                          using

Establishing a mobile accessibility   5. Review laws in your country
strategy – iheni.com
Market share
globally                        Mobile browsers, Jan 2011
                                1. Opera 21 %
                                2. iPhone 19 %
                                3. Nokia 15%
                                4. Blackberry 14%
                                5. Android 14%

                                Mobile browsers, Jan 2012
                                1. Opera 24% (lead for 12 months)
                                2. Android 21% (steady rise)
                                3. iPhone 19.5% (slight increase)
Source: StatCounter 2011-2012
                                4. Nokia 11.8% (a decline)
                                5. Blackberry 7% (sharp decline)
Device
capability                                   Speech input/output
                                             iOS Voiceover (iOS3+)
                                                  Android Talkback (2.2, built in for v4 )
                                                  Android Accessibility
                                             iOSSiri
                                             Proloquo

                                             Accessibility settings
                                                 Zoom
                                                 Font resizing
                                                 Custom gestures
                                                 Colour settings
                                             Haptics
“The on-screen keyboard is fully speech          Sound feedback
enabled and supposedly accessible but
how much skill in my fingertips am I going
to need to use this thing?”
                                             Web technology support
Should I stay or should I go iPhone– Hugh       HTML, CSS, WAI ARIA, Flash
Huddy

                                             Remember, people don’t just choose a device for
                                             browsing
WAI ARIA support




•   iOS 3.2 up – partially supported
•   Opera Mini 5.0 – partially supported
•   Opera Mobile 10.0 – partially supported
•   Android – not supported
Source: whencaniuse.com
Graded mobile
browser         Yahoo! Graded Browser Support
support
                jQuery Graded mobile browser support

                Mobile Web Best PracticesDefault
                Delivery Context:
                   Screen width - 120px minimum
                   Markup - XHTML Basic 1.1
                   UTF-8
                   Images - JPEG, GIF 89a
                   Maximum page weight - 20KB
                   Colour - 256 minimum
                   CSS 1, CSS 2 @media handheld and all
                     media types
User
             WebAIM Screen Reader Survey 2008 to
preference   2010*
                550% increase in mobile screen
                reader usage 2 years
                Advanced screen reader users
                more likely to use mobile

             * Not hard research but great anecdotal
               evidence
Which of the following is your primary
mobile platform? (2010)




Mobile Platform             Number of respondents   % of respondents
Nokia                       400                     42.4%
AppleiPhone or iPod Touch   308                     32.6%
Android                     38                      4.0%
Blackberry                  10                      1.1%
Palm                        3                       .3%
Other                       185                     19.6%
Which mobile screen reader do you
commonly use? (2010)




Mobile Platform        Number of respondents   % of respondents
Nuance Talks           374                     30.0%
VoiceOver for iPhone   338                     27.1%
Mobile Speak           203                     16.3%
Talkback for Android   31                      2.5%
Orator/Oratio for      8                       .6%
Blackberry
Other                  80                      6.4%
21st Century
Communications
                     All smartphones sold in the U.S. must
and Video               have an accessible web browser by
Accessibility Act,      October, 2013
USA                  Smartphones will need to be accessible
                        in general
                     Solutions must be free or of "nominal
                        cost”
3 / Build
No definitive, universally accepted set of
mobile accessibility guidelines
Guidelines
related                              • Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
                                       (WCAG)
to mobile
S
                                     • Mobile Web Best Practices (MWBP)
accessibility                        • Relationship between WCAG and
                                       MWBP
                                     • Widget Accessibility Guidelines
                                     • Widget Usability Best Practices
                                     • Mobile Website Guidelines
                                       (University of Austin)



Resources for mobile accessibility
guidelines – iheni.com
Device specific
                  Android
mobile
                  Designing for Accessibility
accessibility     Android Accessibility
guidelines        Blackberry Best Practice Designing
                  Accessible Applications
                  iOS: Accessibility Programming
                  Guide
                  Nokia/Symbian: User Experience
                  checklist for Touch and Keypad
                  (PDFs)
Agnostic
mobile                              Shared principles with the desktop web
accessibility                       Equivalence
guidelines                          Progressive enhancement
                                    Responsive design
                                    Unobtrusive JavaScript
                                    Separation of content and presentation
                                    Focus and keyboard tab order




Let the mobile web learn from the
mistakes of the desktop web –
iheni.com
Mobile Accessibility Guidelines &
          techniques
            Coming soon
1. Support
device
               Use standard controls for native apps
capabilities
               Do not repress zoom capability

               Use the most appropriate element for
               the job:
                   Avoid text input
                   Pick form controls carefully
2. Alternatives   Provide alternatives for content and
                  functionality:
                     HTML: alt=“Description”
                     iOS: labels, hints and traits
                     Android: android:contentDescription


                  Hide non content and functionality
                  objects:
                     HTML: alt=“”
                     iOS do not ‘Enable Accessibility’
2. Alternatives             Alternatives must be appropriate to the
                            purpose or content of the object
The langauge rotor in iOS


                            Assign brief and descriptive labels to all
                            meaningful content

                            Do not describe the type within the
                            alternative (link, button, checkbox etc)

                            Announce changes of state

                            Localise text
2. Alternatives –
                                        Label
iOS apps
                                        Short word or phrase
                                        Describes the object or view i.e. ‘Play’
 Channel 4’s iOS app showing multiple   Does not describe the type i.e. ‘Play
 programs with play buttons
                                        button’
                                        Trait
                                        Describes the type i.e. link, button,
                                        checkbox, selected, adjustable
                                        More than one trait can be used i.e.
                                        checkbox, selected
                                        Hint
                                        Use sparingly
                                        Explanation not a command i.e. ‘Plays
                                        video’ not ‘Play video’
Label: Done,    Label: [Program name,       Label: Subtitles   Label:
back to….       Episode number]             On/Off             Enter/Exit Full
Trait: Button   Trait: Static text          Trait: Button      screen
                                                               Trait: Button




Label: Play        Label: [ 00.07 of 59.37 ] swipe up or       Label:
/Pause             down to adjust                              Show/Hide
Trait: Button      Trait: Adjustable                           more
Use consistent alternatives across
          desktop and mobile
  Document a shared inventory via a wiki, shared folder
  or design documentation

  Better cross device experience for screen reader
  users and users of lower end devices
Image       Alternative   Type     Tooltip        Notes
            BBC 4         Link     NA             HTML: CSS background
                                                  image with text
                                                  replacement
            Play          Button   NA


            Download      Button   Downloads      Must dynamically update
            [item                  item to your   with item name
            name]                  phone
3. Colour   Do not rely on colour alone to convey
            information

            Use blocks of colour rather than vague
            outlines/shades

            Use high contrast
               WCAG 2.0
               MWBP Default Delivery Context
               Check device specific advice
3. Colour
Firefox




Mobile Safari
4. Structure                        All structural elements must be marked
                                    up
                                       Headings: <h1>to <h6>
                                       Lists: <ol>, <ul>, <li>
                                       Text: <p>

                                    WAI ARIA landmarks
                                       Navigation, banner, main,
                                       complementry, search, contentinfo
                                       Partial support on mobile

                                    HTML5 sectioning elements
                                       Article, footer, header, nav, aside,
Note: Headings only apply to page
heading in iOS apps
                                       section
                                       No support on mobile
4. Structure:
Unique page
                                     Ensure page titles are visible
titles
                                     1




                                     2




                                     3


Example taken from the iOS YouTube
app
5. Orientation
and feedback     Visual structure should help users
                 navigate

                 Swipe areas should be clear

                 Notify screen readers of changes to
                 layout

                 Provide page titles
6. Page order   Provide visible focus
                   HTML “Focus First” : a:focus, a:hover,
                     a:active
                   Android: setVisibility(int)

                Ensure a logical page order
                    Set a logical code order
                   Android: setFocusable (),
                   isFocusable (), requestFocus ()

                Important for touch screen as well
                   Swipe up or down to navigate
                     components
                   Swipe left or right to navigate all items
                     (= arrow keys on desktop)
7. Focus   Provide enough ‘read-tap symmetry’

           Touch targets should be large enough
           Jacob Neilson
               9.2-9.6mm minimally
               Provide 1mm inactive space around
               elements

           Beware: Pixel density changes per
           handset
8. Forms           Correctly label form input items

IMDB app for iOS   Avoid free input where possible, use
                   drop down menus etc

                   Support default input mode
                     Dates, text, number, language
                     formats

                   Support predictive input
                      Drop down list
                      Page updates
9. Multimedia   Support captions, subtitles, audio
                description where the technology exists

                Ensure buttons have labels

                Ensure buttons are focusable

                Ensure tab order of buttons is logical

                Provide tooltips and hints where
                necessary
Bbciplayer showing subtitles
9. Multimedia:   Supported on iPad and iPhone
HTML5 audio      Fallback must be provided
and video        Captions should be provided

                 Source: HTML5 and Accessibility sitting in a
                 tree Bruce Lawson
HTML5                              Current mobile browser support is poor

                                   No support in mobile screen readers
In

                                   But

                                   The promise of accessibility
                                     More accessible forms
                                     Audio and video controls
                                     Captioning
                                     Sectioning elements
Introducing HTML5 – Bruce Lawson
and Remy Sharp
                                   It’s not too early to start
                                   experimenting with HTML5
4 / Responsive design
There is no mobile web. There is only The
Web which we view in different ways. There
is also no Desktop Web. Or Tablet Web.
Thank you
         Stephen Hay, There is no Mobile
                    Web
Responsive
design and      One website across desktop, tablet and
accessibility     mobile

                ‘Responsive’ – a website responds to
                   screen size, orientation and
                   environment

                A seamless experience

                But what are the ‘breakpoints?’
1. Title text
and span                             <title>and <abbr>not supported in
                                     Mobile Safari, IDEAL (Android) and
                                     Nokia
                                          Avoid reliance on <title>text on
                                          links
                                          Provide information elsewhere

                                     <span>works in links but not plain text
                                     in Mobile Safari



Screen reader support for abbr and
span on mobile – iheni.com
2. Grouping
links         Good practice to group related links e.g. images
              and link text
                 Creates one keypress / touchzone
                 Reduces repetition and clutter
                 Large clickable area

              Tabindex not supported i.e. Tabindex=“-1”

              Use a single link:
              <a href="…”>
              <img width="172" height="96" alt=""
                 src=”…images/episode.jpg">
              <p>Holby City</p>
              </a>

              Visible outline not shown using Voiceover and
              Mobile Safari but it behaves as one touchzone
2. Structure
               Should structure be consistent across
               desktop, tablet and mobile?
                  Not always feasible
                  Not always preferable
                  Structure may ‘collapse’


               Plan underlying code structure during
               wireframing
Desktop – Smashing magazine
Tablet
Mobile
WAI ARIA and
Mobile Safari                         Supported
                                      Menu bar, buttons, dialog, checkbox,
                                      accordion, tabs, auto-complete, panel

                                      Partially supported
                                      Tooltip (links and form fields not
                                      images)
                                      Landmarks (read out but not named)

                                      Not supported
                                      Slider, progress bar, tree, carousel, date
                                      picker, tabindex
WAI ARIA support on iOS – iheni.com
5 /Test
Types of
testing                                 Specialist tools
                                        Debuggers
                                        Emulators
                                        Extensions

                                        User acceptance criteria
                                        Personas
                                        Scenarios

                                        User testing
                                        Formal
                                        Informal with volunteers

                                        Accessibility support testing
Finding usability bugs with automated
testing – Julian Harty, eBay
                                        Assistive technology
                                        Accessibility settings
Testing tools
for HTML        Browser based
                Firebug
                FireEyes
                FireFox user agent switcher

                Online tools
                Opera Emulator
                Opera TV emulator
                Opera Dragonfly remote debugger
                W3C mobileOK

                Device specific
                iOSxCode
FireEyes   WCAG and Section 508 testing
           Integrated with FireBug in FireFox
           Report generation
           Report sharing
           Integration with Jira

           Next release: integrated user agent
             switcher and responsive design
             testing
FireEyes
W3C mobileOK Checker
Testing
                                          Android 1.6 up
Android
                                          Enable accessibility: Menu > settings >
                                          Text-To-Speech
                                             Talkback
                                             IDEAL Web Browser
                                             Android Accessibility


                                          Android 4
                                          Enable accessibility by drawing a
                                          rectangle
Talk is cheap, screen reader testing on   Talkback built in
mobile
(http://www.iheni.com/talk-is-cheap-      Still no accessible browser
screen-reader-testing-on-mobile/)
                                          Explore by touch
Testing iOS: Accessibility Inspector (xCode)




          iPhone/iPad web and app accessibility – Paul Adams
iOS and
VoiceOver   Switch VoiceOver on
            Triple press the home key
            Settings > General > Accessibility
            >VoiceOver on/Off

            VoiceOver screen curtain
            Triple tap to turn the screen off

            Use Web Rotor to test
            Users rarely just tap around the screen
            Tests logical structure
            Forms fields and associated labels
            Page order
Quick tests
with mobile                         1.   All functional/content related
                                         elements have an alternative
screen readers
                                    1.   Eye candy is ignored

                                    1.   Elements that need explanation have a
                                         longer description

                                    1.   Alternatives do not describe the type

                                    1.   Pages/screens have titles

                                    1.   Layout changes are announced
Top ten tests for alternatives on
mobile on iheni.com
                                    2.   Changes of state are announced
There is no substitute for testing with
users with disabilities on mobile
6 / Next
/ Guidelines
Agnostic mobile accessibility guidelines
with device specific techniques
/ Strategy
Build an accessible HTML mobile website
then add accessible native apps
/ Build
Create shared inventories for alternatives,
headings and labels
/Test
Talk is cheap
/ Next
Share
Thank you

 @iheni
One web

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Mobile Accessibility (MobA11y)

  • 1. Mobile Accessibility Henny Swan #MobA11y
  • 2. Henny Swan Accessibility Hobo / Senior Usability and Accessibility Specialist, BBC @iheni www.iheni.com henny@iheni.com
  • 4. 1 / Mobile accessibility 2 / Strategy 4 / Build 3 / Responsive design 5 /Test 6 / Next
  • 5. 1 / Mobile accessibility
  • 6. What is ‘mobile’? Mobile web Viewing content on devices with a browser Web apps Browser based web applications built with HTML, CSS and JavaScript Native apps Downloaded applications that take advantage of phone capabilities (proprietary or Java based) Hybrid apps Built with HTML, CSS and JavaScript, downloadable and can access phone capabilities
  • 7. Diverse user model What is Sight, hearing, mobility, learning and cognition Access technology users ‘accessibility’? Screen readers, screen magnification, voice input Access services Caption, subtitles, audio description, signing Hidden disability Chronic fatigue, depression, ME, fibromyalgia, vertigo, nausea, photo sensitivity Aging Deterioration, first time users Temporary RSI, broken wrists, back pain, short-term illness Cultural Language, colour, iconography Technology Hardware, software, access
  • 8. Mobile is by definition Poor light disabling Glare Small fonts Poor image and colour support Small keyboards No mouse Touch One hand Screen size
  • 9. Mobile is by definition Task based is enabling Geolocation Camera integration Calendar integration Mobile is more agile than desktop Software development Uptake of web standards? Bridges the digital divide I can’t afford a computer but I have a mobile
  • 10. Essential ingredients of Web standards accessibility Web browser Platform Accessibility API Assistive technology Platform accessibility features Users Nom, nom, Not so nom, nom
  • 11. Platform accessibility The bridge between applications and APIs assistive technology Enables screen readers to read Less mature on mobile than desktop iOS has the best support Android working on it
  • 12. There’s nothing on iPhone or iPad that you can do that I can’t do. Stevie Wonder
  • 14. What devices 1. Assess mobile OS and browser should I market share support? 2. Review devices in existing company test plans 3. Assess which popular devices support accessibility 4. Establish what devices people are using Establishing a mobile accessibility 5. Review laws in your country strategy – iheni.com
  • 15. Market share globally Mobile browsers, Jan 2011 1. Opera 21 % 2. iPhone 19 % 3. Nokia 15% 4. Blackberry 14% 5. Android 14% Mobile browsers, Jan 2012 1. Opera 24% (lead for 12 months) 2. Android 21% (steady rise) 3. iPhone 19.5% (slight increase) Source: StatCounter 2011-2012 4. Nokia 11.8% (a decline) 5. Blackberry 7% (sharp decline)
  • 16. Device capability Speech input/output iOS Voiceover (iOS3+) Android Talkback (2.2, built in for v4 ) Android Accessibility iOSSiri Proloquo Accessibility settings Zoom Font resizing Custom gestures Colour settings Haptics “The on-screen keyboard is fully speech Sound feedback enabled and supposedly accessible but how much skill in my fingertips am I going to need to use this thing?” Web technology support Should I stay or should I go iPhone– Hugh HTML, CSS, WAI ARIA, Flash Huddy Remember, people don’t just choose a device for browsing
  • 17. WAI ARIA support • iOS 3.2 up – partially supported • Opera Mini 5.0 – partially supported • Opera Mobile 10.0 – partially supported • Android – not supported Source: whencaniuse.com
  • 18. Graded mobile browser Yahoo! Graded Browser Support support jQuery Graded mobile browser support Mobile Web Best PracticesDefault Delivery Context: Screen width - 120px minimum Markup - XHTML Basic 1.1 UTF-8 Images - JPEG, GIF 89a Maximum page weight - 20KB Colour - 256 minimum CSS 1, CSS 2 @media handheld and all media types
  • 19. User WebAIM Screen Reader Survey 2008 to preference 2010* 550% increase in mobile screen reader usage 2 years Advanced screen reader users more likely to use mobile * Not hard research but great anecdotal evidence
  • 20. Which of the following is your primary mobile platform? (2010) Mobile Platform Number of respondents % of respondents Nokia 400 42.4% AppleiPhone or iPod Touch 308 32.6% Android 38 4.0% Blackberry 10 1.1% Palm 3 .3% Other 185 19.6%
  • 21. Which mobile screen reader do you commonly use? (2010) Mobile Platform Number of respondents % of respondents Nuance Talks 374 30.0% VoiceOver for iPhone 338 27.1% Mobile Speak 203 16.3% Talkback for Android 31 2.5% Orator/Oratio for 8 .6% Blackberry Other 80 6.4%
  • 22. 21st Century Communications All smartphones sold in the U.S. must and Video have an accessible web browser by Accessibility Act, October, 2013 USA Smartphones will need to be accessible in general Solutions must be free or of "nominal cost”
  • 24. No definitive, universally accepted set of mobile accessibility guidelines
  • 25. Guidelines related • Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) to mobile S • Mobile Web Best Practices (MWBP) accessibility • Relationship between WCAG and MWBP • Widget Accessibility Guidelines • Widget Usability Best Practices • Mobile Website Guidelines (University of Austin) Resources for mobile accessibility guidelines – iheni.com
  • 26. Device specific Android mobile Designing for Accessibility accessibility Android Accessibility guidelines Blackberry Best Practice Designing Accessible Applications iOS: Accessibility Programming Guide Nokia/Symbian: User Experience checklist for Touch and Keypad (PDFs)
  • 27. Agnostic mobile Shared principles with the desktop web accessibility Equivalence guidelines Progressive enhancement Responsive design Unobtrusive JavaScript Separation of content and presentation Focus and keyboard tab order Let the mobile web learn from the mistakes of the desktop web – iheni.com
  • 28. Mobile Accessibility Guidelines & techniques Coming soon
  • 29. 1. Support device Use standard controls for native apps capabilities Do not repress zoom capability Use the most appropriate element for the job: Avoid text input Pick form controls carefully
  • 30. 2. Alternatives Provide alternatives for content and functionality: HTML: alt=“Description” iOS: labels, hints and traits Android: android:contentDescription Hide non content and functionality objects: HTML: alt=“” iOS do not ‘Enable Accessibility’
  • 31. 2. Alternatives Alternatives must be appropriate to the purpose or content of the object The langauge rotor in iOS Assign brief and descriptive labels to all meaningful content Do not describe the type within the alternative (link, button, checkbox etc) Announce changes of state Localise text
  • 32. 2. Alternatives – Label iOS apps Short word or phrase Describes the object or view i.e. ‘Play’ Channel 4’s iOS app showing multiple Does not describe the type i.e. ‘Play programs with play buttons button’ Trait Describes the type i.e. link, button, checkbox, selected, adjustable More than one trait can be used i.e. checkbox, selected Hint Use sparingly Explanation not a command i.e. ‘Plays video’ not ‘Play video’
  • 33. Label: Done, Label: [Program name, Label: Subtitles Label: back to…. Episode number] On/Off Enter/Exit Full Trait: Button Trait: Static text Trait: Button screen Trait: Button Label: Play Label: [ 00.07 of 59.37 ] swipe up or Label: /Pause down to adjust Show/Hide Trait: Button Trait: Adjustable more
  • 34. Use consistent alternatives across desktop and mobile Document a shared inventory via a wiki, shared folder or design documentation Better cross device experience for screen reader users and users of lower end devices Image Alternative Type Tooltip Notes BBC 4 Link NA HTML: CSS background image with text replacement Play Button NA Download Button Downloads Must dynamically update [item item to your with item name name] phone
  • 35. 3. Colour Do not rely on colour alone to convey information Use blocks of colour rather than vague outlines/shades Use high contrast WCAG 2.0 MWBP Default Delivery Context Check device specific advice
  • 37. 4. Structure All structural elements must be marked up Headings: <h1>to <h6> Lists: <ol>, <ul>, <li> Text: <p> WAI ARIA landmarks Navigation, banner, main, complementry, search, contentinfo Partial support on mobile HTML5 sectioning elements Article, footer, header, nav, aside, Note: Headings only apply to page heading in iOS apps section No support on mobile
  • 38. 4. Structure: Unique page Ensure page titles are visible titles 1 2 3 Example taken from the iOS YouTube app
  • 39. 5. Orientation and feedback Visual structure should help users navigate Swipe areas should be clear Notify screen readers of changes to layout Provide page titles
  • 40. 6. Page order Provide visible focus HTML “Focus First” : a:focus, a:hover, a:active Android: setVisibility(int) Ensure a logical page order Set a logical code order Android: setFocusable (), isFocusable (), requestFocus () Important for touch screen as well Swipe up or down to navigate components Swipe left or right to navigate all items (= arrow keys on desktop)
  • 41. 7. Focus Provide enough ‘read-tap symmetry’ Touch targets should be large enough Jacob Neilson 9.2-9.6mm minimally Provide 1mm inactive space around elements Beware: Pixel density changes per handset
  • 42. 8. Forms Correctly label form input items IMDB app for iOS Avoid free input where possible, use drop down menus etc Support default input mode Dates, text, number, language formats Support predictive input Drop down list Page updates
  • 43. 9. Multimedia Support captions, subtitles, audio description where the technology exists Ensure buttons have labels Ensure buttons are focusable Ensure tab order of buttons is logical Provide tooltips and hints where necessary
  • 45. 9. Multimedia: Supported on iPad and iPhone HTML5 audio Fallback must be provided and video Captions should be provided Source: HTML5 and Accessibility sitting in a tree Bruce Lawson
  • 46. HTML5 Current mobile browser support is poor No support in mobile screen readers In But The promise of accessibility More accessible forms Audio and video controls Captioning Sectioning elements Introducing HTML5 – Bruce Lawson and Remy Sharp It’s not too early to start experimenting with HTML5
  • 47. 4 / Responsive design
  • 48. There is no mobile web. There is only The Web which we view in different ways. There is also no Desktop Web. Or Tablet Web. Thank you Stephen Hay, There is no Mobile Web
  • 49. Responsive design and One website across desktop, tablet and accessibility mobile ‘Responsive’ – a website responds to screen size, orientation and environment A seamless experience But what are the ‘breakpoints?’
  • 50. 1. Title text and span <title>and <abbr>not supported in Mobile Safari, IDEAL (Android) and Nokia Avoid reliance on <title>text on links Provide information elsewhere <span>works in links but not plain text in Mobile Safari Screen reader support for abbr and span on mobile – iheni.com
  • 51. 2. Grouping links Good practice to group related links e.g. images and link text Creates one keypress / touchzone Reduces repetition and clutter Large clickable area Tabindex not supported i.e. Tabindex=“-1” Use a single link: <a href="…”> <img width="172" height="96" alt="" src=”…images/episode.jpg"> <p>Holby City</p> </a> Visible outline not shown using Voiceover and Mobile Safari but it behaves as one touchzone
  • 52. 2. Structure Should structure be consistent across desktop, tablet and mobile? Not always feasible Not always preferable Structure may ‘collapse’ Plan underlying code structure during wireframing
  • 56. WAI ARIA and Mobile Safari Supported Menu bar, buttons, dialog, checkbox, accordion, tabs, auto-complete, panel Partially supported Tooltip (links and form fields not images) Landmarks (read out but not named) Not supported Slider, progress bar, tree, carousel, date picker, tabindex WAI ARIA support on iOS – iheni.com
  • 58. Types of testing Specialist tools Debuggers Emulators Extensions User acceptance criteria Personas Scenarios User testing Formal Informal with volunteers Accessibility support testing Finding usability bugs with automated testing – Julian Harty, eBay Assistive technology Accessibility settings
  • 59. Testing tools for HTML Browser based Firebug FireEyes FireFox user agent switcher Online tools Opera Emulator Opera TV emulator Opera Dragonfly remote debugger W3C mobileOK Device specific iOSxCode
  • 60. FireEyes WCAG and Section 508 testing Integrated with FireBug in FireFox Report generation Report sharing Integration with Jira Next release: integrated user agent switcher and responsive design testing
  • 63. Testing Android 1.6 up Android Enable accessibility: Menu > settings > Text-To-Speech Talkback IDEAL Web Browser Android Accessibility Android 4 Enable accessibility by drawing a rectangle Talk is cheap, screen reader testing on Talkback built in mobile (http://www.iheni.com/talk-is-cheap- Still no accessible browser screen-reader-testing-on-mobile/) Explore by touch
  • 64. Testing iOS: Accessibility Inspector (xCode) iPhone/iPad web and app accessibility – Paul Adams
  • 65. iOS and VoiceOver Switch VoiceOver on Triple press the home key Settings > General > Accessibility >VoiceOver on/Off VoiceOver screen curtain Triple tap to turn the screen off Use Web Rotor to test Users rarely just tap around the screen Tests logical structure Forms fields and associated labels Page order
  • 66. Quick tests with mobile 1. All functional/content related elements have an alternative screen readers 1. Eye candy is ignored 1. Elements that need explanation have a longer description 1. Alternatives do not describe the type 1. Pages/screens have titles 1. Layout changes are announced Top ten tests for alternatives on mobile on iheni.com 2. Changes of state are announced
  • 67. There is no substitute for testing with users with disabilities on mobile
  • 69. / Guidelines Agnostic mobile accessibility guidelines with device specific techniques
  • 70. / Strategy Build an accessible HTML mobile website then add accessible native apps
  • 71. / Build Create shared inventories for alternatives, headings and labels

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Image of tins
  2. Add images from flickr
  3. Image of tins
  4. Image of tins here?
  5. We all have a differing definition of what mobile is so for the purposes of today here is some scene setting
  6. Add dates
  7. Add URL and references
  8. http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdesham/2432400623/
  9. BBC iPlayer on iPad
  10. Navigation now in a drop down menu (no go button!)No natural H1Stories as H2
  11. One web.http://www.flickr.com/photos/psd/2731067095/sizes/l/in/photostream/