The document discusses communicable diseases and the chain of infection. It begins by stating the objectives of explaining the chain of infection, discussing the stages of infection, creating a presentation on the topic, and understanding the importance of prevention. It then provides details on the key aspects of the chain of infection, including the six links (pathogen, reservoir, exit, transmission, entry, susceptible host) and the four stages of infection (incubation, prodrome, illness, recovery). Various activities are described to help teach these topics, like a true/false game and group presentations. Assessment of student understanding is also discussed.

2. Objectives:
 explain the chain of infection;
 discuss the stages of infection;
 create a short presentation showing the
chain/stages of infection;
 realize the importance of knowing the chain
and stages of infection for prevention.

3. TAMA MALI
Activity:
Tanggal ang Magkamali!

4. Instructions:
You will be answering TAMA or MALI statements.
After I say “GO”, you have 10 seconds to stand behind the
word of your answer.
The student who will get the wrong answer will be eliminated
from the game.
The remaining students who will get the correct answer up
to the last question will be awarded with additional points.

5. Statement No. 1
Communicable Diseases
are diseases that do not
transfer from one person
to another.
TAMA MALI

6. Statement No. 2
Infectious Diseases
are also called as
Communicable Diseases.
TAMA MALI

7. Statement No. 3
Bacteria, fungi, and virus
are pathogens which
cause diseases to the
host.
TAMA MALI

8. Statement No. 4
The most common
reservoir of pathogens is
the human body.
TAMA MALI

9. Statement No. 5
The links of the chain
of infection are cannot
be broken.
TAMA MALI

10. Statement No. 6
Coughing and sneezing
are direct modes of
transmission that causes
infection.
TAMA MALI

11. Statement No. 7
Tiredness, slight fever,
and runny nose are some
of the indications of
Illness stage.
TAMA MALI

12. Statement No. 8
The diseases or infection
is still communicable in
the recovery stage.
TAMA MALI

13. Statement No. 9
HIV is a communicable
disease which can be
transferred by needle
pricking.
TAMA MALI

14. Statement No. 10
You cannot be infected
again with chicken pox if
you have been infected
already before.
TAMA MALI

15. Analysis:
 How did you find the activity?
 Most of the questions are all about what?
 Were you able to get the correct answers honestly?
How?
 Why have you eliminated from the game for the first
three questions?
 Out of the activity, were you able to draw out the topic
for today?

16. Analysis:
 How did you find the activity?
 Most of the questions are all about what?
 Were you able to get the correct answers honestly?
How?
 Why have you eliminated from the game for the first
three questions?
 Out of the activity, were you able to draw out the topic
for today?

17. CHAIN OF INFECTION

18. Infection
An invasion of
microorganisms into the body
that are capable of producing
a disease.

19. There are six links in the
chain of infection
PATHOGEN
RESERVOIR
PORTAL OF
EXIT
MODE OF
TRANSMISSIO
N
SUSCEPTIBL
E HOST
PORTAL OF
ENTRY
CHAIN OF
INFECTION

20. 1. PATHOGEN
It is an organism with the
ability to cause disease.
“bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa,
parasitic worms, rickettsiae”

21. 2. RESERVOIR
It is a place within which
microorganisms can thrive
and reproduce.
“The most common reservoir
is the human body.”

22. 3. PORTAL OF EXIT
It provides a way for a
microorganism to leave
the reservoir.
“through the nose, mouth,
body feces”

23. 4. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
It is the method by which the
organism moves from one host to
another.
“direct contact, indirect contact, air-
borne, food-borne,
water-borne, vector-borne”

24. 5. PORTAL OF ENTRY
It is an opening allowing the
microorganism enter the host.
“body orifices, mucus membranes,
breaks in the skin”

25. They may enter through:
Respiratory System
(inhalation)
Gastrointestinal System
(ingestion)

26. They may enter through:
Urinary and
Reproductive Tracts
(sexual contact)
Breaks in the skin

27. 6. THE SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
It is a person who cannot resists a
microorganism invading its body.

28. There are six links in the
chain of infection
PATHOGEN
RESERVOIR
PORTAL OF
EXIT
MODE OF
TRANSMISSIO
N
SUSCEPTIBL
E HOST
PORTAL OF
ENTRY
CHAIN OF
INFECTION

29. STAGES OF INFECTION
INCUBATION STAGE
PRODROMAL STAGE
ILLNESS STAGE
RECOVERY STAGE

30. 1. INCUBATION STAGE
It is when a person acquires the
pathogen until the appearance of
the first sign.
“silent stage”

31. 2. PRODROMAL STAGE
It is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
“headache, runny nose,
slight fever”

32. 3. ILLNESS or CLINICAL STAGE
It is the time when illness reaches
its highest point of development.
“severe aches, vomiting,
high fever, sore throat,
sinus congestion”

33. 4. RECOVERY or
CONVALESCENCE STAGE
This is the time when recovery
seems complete although the
disease is still communicable.
“pathogen has mostly eliminated”

34. APPLICATION
Group Presentation

35. Instructions:
 You will be grouped into 3 groups.
 You will create a short presentation
based on the task you have picked.
 Each group will be given 5 to 10 minutes
to prepare for the presentation.

36. Instructions:
You will be rated according to the following criteria:
 Content – 10 pts.
 Presentation – 10 pts.
 Creativity – 5 pts.
 Member’s participation – 5 pts.
TOTAL = 30 points

37. TASK: ROLE PLAYING
 You will be portraying how a certain disease
transfers from one person to other.
 You will be following the links of the chain of
infection.
 After the presentation, there will be a group
representative to explain what you have presented in
front.
 All members should have a role to portray.

38. TASK: POSTER MAKING
 You will be making a poster about the chain of
infection.
 You substitute the names of the links of the
chain of infection with symbols.
 There should have a group representative to
present your output.

39. TASK: NEWS CASTING
 There will be students who will act as news
reporters in front of the class.
 Members of the group should make a
simple script to report by the reporters.
 The script should be about the stages of
infection.

40. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
1. These are diseases which
are transferred from one
person to another.

41. 2. What is the disease-
causing microorganism that
attack the body and infect
cells?
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

42. 3. This is the interval between
entrance of pathogen into the
body to the appearance of first
symptoms.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

43. 4. It is the route of escape of
the pathogen from the
reservoir.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

44. 5. The stage of infection
wherein the illness reaches its
highest point of development.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

45. Arrange the following processes in
chronological order. Write letters A
to E on the space provided before
each number.
(A is 1st step, B 2nd step, so on..)
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

46. _____ 6. Convalescence stage is recovery stage.
_____ 7. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and
symptoms appear.
_____ 8. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the
pathogen.
_____ 9. Prodromal stage is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
_____ 10. Decline stage time when the signs and symptoms
of the sick person slowly go down.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

47. _____ 11. passed through a direct or indirect Mode of
Transmission.
_____ 12. reservoir which can be a living or non-living
object. When the pathogen
_____ 13. Susceptible Host if one who has a low immunity
resistance is the next victim.
_____ 14. leaves the reservoir through a Portal of Exit, the
pathogen is
_____ 15. The organism enters then the body through a
Portal of Entry and the
The chain of infection starts when a
pathogen lives in …

48. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Let’s check!

49. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
1. These are diseases which
are transferred from one
person to another.

50. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct Answer:
1. Communicable Diseases
or Infectious Diseases

51. 2. What is the disease-
causing microorganism that
attack the body and infect
cells?
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

52. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct Answer:
2. Pathogen
(Causative Agent)

53. 3. This is the interval between
entrance of pathogen into the
body to the appearance of first
symptoms.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

54. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct Answer:
3. Incubation Stage

55. 4. It is the route of escape of
the pathogen from the
reservoir.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

56. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct Answer:
4. Portal of Exit

57. 5. The stage of infection
wherein the illness reaches its
highest point of development.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

58. EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
Correct Answer:
5. Illness Stage
or Clinical Stage

59. Arrange the following processes in
chronological order. Write letters A
to E on the space provided before
each number.
(A is 1st step, B 2nd step, so on..)
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

60. _____ 6. Convalescence stage is recovery stage.
_____ 7. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and
symptoms appear.
_____ 8. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the
pathogen.
_____ 9. Prodromal stage is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
_____ 10. Decline stage time when the signs and symptoms
of the sick person slowly go down.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ

61. _____ 6. Convalescence stage is recovery stage.
_____ 7. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and
symptoms appear.
_____ 8. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the
pathogen.
_____ 9. Prodromal stage is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
_____ 10. Decline stage time when the signs and symptoms
of the sick person slowly go down.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER QUIZ
E
C
A
B
D

62. _____ 11. passed through a direct or indirect Mode of
Transmission.
_____ 12. reservoir which can be a living or non-living
object. When the pathogen
_____ 13. Susceptible Host if one who has a low immunity
resistance is the next victim.
_____ 14. leaves the reservoir through a Portal of Exit, the
pathogen is
_____ 15. The organism enters then the body through a
Portal of Entry and the
The chain of infection starts when a
pathogen lives in …

63. _____ 11. passed through a direct or indirect Mode of
Transmission.
_____ 12. reservoir which can be a living or non-living
object. When the pathogen
_____ 13. Susceptible Host if one who has a low immunity
resistance is the next victim.
_____ 14. leaves the reservoir through a Portal of Exit, the
pathogen is
_____ 15. The organism enters then the body through a
Portal of Entry and the
The chain of infection starts when a
pathogen lives in …
C
A
E
B
D

64. ASSIGNMENT
Now that you have understood the stages of
infection, choose the stage where you think is the
best stage to CUT from the flow of infection and
explain why you chose that stage. Write your answer
in a ¼ sheet of paper.
Research also on the internet the 6 kinds of
pathogens and list 3 examples of diseases that are
caused by those pathogens.