Amirul Hazriq Bin Zukurnain (2010216608) (BM111 5A)

1. GLOBAL WARMING :
CAUSES AND EFFECTS

2. Introduction
What is Global Warming?
The rise of average
temperature of earth’s
atmosphere and the
oceans.

3. Basic Questions of Global Warming
1. What causes the earth’s climate
to change?
2. What are the effects of Global
Warming to humanity?
3. How do we overcome this
problem?

4. Q1 Answers.
1. Green House Effects
Example : carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane,
Ozone, Nitrous oxide, Sulfur Hexafluoride,
Hydrofluorocarbons and etc.

5. Green house gases acts like a mirror which
reflect a part of heat radiation back to the
earth.

6. Are you for real buddy???

7. Of course dude!
Check out the
tables.
Next Slide

8. Fig. 1: Cause for global warming: Carbon dioxide emissions in million tons per year
over the last 200 years. (graph taken from
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Global_Carbon_Emission_by_Type
_png)

9. Fig 3: From which sectors do the major greenhouse gas emissions come from? The lower part of the
picture shows the sources individually for the gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide,
respectively. (Graph from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greenhouse_Gas_by_Sector.png)

10. Q1 Answers And the 2nd cause is,
2. Deforestation
the state of being clear of trees.

11. What did you just
say??

12. In Other Words, It is an activity of cutting out
trees in the forests in with the
purpose of development of
that particular place,
resourcing the raw material to
process goods like papers.

13. Therefore, Massive deforestation could lead to
less carbon dioxide (CO2) being
absorbed (for photosynthesis
process) and causing much more of
the greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.

14. Hmm.. I wonder how it
looks like when a forest is
completely destroyed.

15. Pictures of Deforestation Activities

16. WHAAAATTTTT????!!!

17. I’m freaking out
already, can we move
on to the effects
already please??

18. Effects
1. Rise In Sea Levels Worldwide
This happens due to
the melting of two
massive ice sheets
in Antartica and
Greenland

19. Brown’s (2008) study indicates that
if the Greenland ice sheet were to
melt, it would raise the sea level up
to 7 meters while the melting of
West Antartic ice sheet would raise
the sea level 5 meters. Even just a
partial melting would have dramatic
changes on the sea level

20. Well, that does not
sound so bad.

21. Not that bad? Try
press next and
check out the
pictures buddy.

22. Pictures of Melting of The Ice Sheets

24. WHAAAATTTTT????!!!

25. Effects The severity of storms
such as hurricanes and
cyclones is increasing,
2. More Killer Storms and research published
in Nature found that
(quoting) :

26. “Scientists have come up with the
firmest evidence so far that global
warming will significantly increases the
intensity of the most extreme storms
worldwide. The maximum wind speeds
of the strongest tropical cyclones have
increased significantly since 1981,
according to research published by
Nature this week. And the upward
trend, thought to be driven by rising
ocean temperatures, is unlikely to stop
at any time soon”

27. Wow! That sounded
like the it really is
dangerous! We got pictures for this one
to show you too.

28. Pictures of Storms
Hurricane Ivan
Hurricane Katrina

29. View of cyclone from the sattelite

30. WHAAAATTTTT????!!!

31. Hi, my name is Friday and I
have a conclusion of all this
The earth is too old to stand
mess for you.
up through this phenomena.
Therefore, we, as the khalifa
living in it are responsible to
ensure the beauty of the world
can be enjoyed by our kids in
the future. If we, as the soon-
to-be-forefathers do not find a
way to overcome this problem,
imagine how would the future
generation survive with a
climate that is hotter than it
already is now?

32. References
• http://www.wikihow.com/Take-Action-to-
Reduce-Global-Warming
• http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?i
d=10-solutions-for-climate-change
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natura
l-disasters/hurricane8.htm
• http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080903/full/
news.2008.1079.html
• http://sustainablog.org/2009/06/melting-ice-
could-lead-to-massive-waves-of-climate-ref

33. Journal Article 1
Global Warming Causes and Effects
Global warming is a topic that is catching a lot of attentions because people are starting to see its
catastrophic effects. Unfortunately, many of them are getting their information from certain medias and
politicians that don’t have good knowledge about the causes of global warming. These sources did an
excellent job brainwashing the public to believe that man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main cause of
global warming. If man-made CO2 was the main cause of global warming, then how come temperatures
declined from 1940 through 1970? This was a time when the industrial revolution was in high gear and
CO2 levels were rising because of it. CO2 made by nature does play a significant role for trapping heat to
warm the planet but man-made CO2 doesn’t because it accounts for less than 3 percent of the total CO2
level in the atmosphere. So, why are certain medias and politicians spending so much time and money to
convince the public that CO2 is the main cause of global warming? The answers are usually the same when
politicians are involved. It is all about power, control and money. Their hidden agenda is to put a
worldwide tax on the public to help them achieve whatever they are trying to achieve. I can assure you
that it is probably not good, otherwise they would not be lying to the public.
You don’t have to look far to realize that CO2 is not the main cause of global warming. There are many
gases that are more destructive than CO2 when it comes to trapping heat from the sun. Methane gas is
one of them, it can trap 20 times more heat than CO2. One of the top contributors of methane gas is
livestock. Raising animals for the purpose of satisfying our meat eating habits generate more greenhouse
gases than all the motor vehicles in the world combined. Fortunately, methane gas can only stay in the
atmosphere for about 8 years. The bad news is, more methane gas is being released into the atmosphere
faster than it is disappearing. In fact, methane gas has doubled since pre-industrial times while CO2 has
only risen about 30 percent. Unless we reduce our meat consumption, methane gas will keep on rising to
dangerous levels. This will increase the Earth’s temperature, resulting in more violent storms and floods.
Below is a quote from a Yale physicist named Noam Mohr.
(cont)

34. (cont)
With methane emissions causing nearly half of the Planet’s human-induced warming, methane reduction
must be a priority.
By looking at other facts and analyzing them with CO2, it is clear that global warming is more of a natural
phenomenon and human activities are not the major contributors for global warming. Even Dr. James
Hansen, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies suggested that CO2 emissions are not the
main cause of atmospheric warming.
Out of all the sources that contribute to global warming, the sun may be the most powerful. Take the sun
away and the Earth will freeze for eternity. Ask yourself this question, if CO2 is the main cause of global
warming, then why is Mars and the other planets warming up too? Sunspot activities were high in the
early 1980s up to the late 1990s. Some scientists believed that this is the main reason why the Earth and
other planets are heating up.
Scientists from Nasa say that Mars has warmed by about 0.5°C since the 1970s. This is similar to the
warming experienced on Earth over approximately the same period (timesonline.co.uk. April 29, 2007).
The sun is one the biggest contributors when it comes to keeping the Earth warm and may even be the
main cause of global warming. According to data collected by scientists, sunspot activities correlates to the
rise and fall of temperatures on Earth. In the mid 1600s through the early 1700s, there were very little
observed sunspots. This period was also very cold, also known as the Little Ice Age. Rick C. Hodgen wrote a
great article explaining how Dr. Willie Soon, an astrophysicist from Harvard, explained how sunspots
affects Earth’s climate. If Dr. Soon is right, within a few years, Earth’s temperature should start cooling
slightly because of the lack of sunspot activities.
Modern science does a pretty good job explaining how things work but it does have many flaws. Because
nature works in mysterious ways, using one specific answer to solve a problem may not be the best way to
go. I’m sure there are many other major factors in the universe that contribute to global warming, such as
the galactic plane, planet alignment and consciousness.

35. Journal Article 2
Extreme weather events and climate change
2011 has been a year of unparalleled extremes: 14 disastrous weather events have resulted in over a billion
dollars in property damage – an all-time record breaking number – and their estimated $53 billion price tag
doesn’t include health costs. As shown recently, in a first-of-its-kind study published in the journal Health Affairs1,
when health-related costs of extreme events are calculated, the total tally increases substantially and will likely
continue to climb due to climate change. 7 of the 2011 extreme events – a record-high number – are the type
expected to worsen due to climate change.
Climate scientists are saying that these events may be part of a troubling trend influenced by climate change 2. This
trend has also been identified by the international reinsurance company MunichRe [PDF]; they concluded that
from 1980 through 2011, the frequency of extreme events in the U.S. is rising.3 A newly-released analysis by
international climate scientists (IPCC)4 concluded that climate change will amplify extreme heat, heavy
precipitation, and the highest wind speeds of tropical storms.
We need to be prepared. Emergency planning must incorporate risks from climate change. For example, maps
describing flooding zones need to account for increased risks caused by extreme rainfall and sea level rise
resulting from climate change. While these plans are made at the local level, the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) must also prioritize addressing and preparing for climate change by providing guidance and
resources to state and local governments.
1. Protect your family from extreme weather:
2. Stay informed – subscribe to local emergency alerts and watch for updates. Make sure to have a battery
powered radio or other device in the event you lose power.
3. Stay connected – check on relatives, friends and neighbors.
4. Plan ahead – have an evacuation plan and emergency supplies on hand. Click here for information
on how to be aware and be prepared for a natural disaster. Also see the Red Cross, the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), or the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) lists for
what you need.

36. Journal Article 3
Individual and Collective Solutions
Global warming may be one of the greatest threats to our planet. The impact of global warming, which is
already being felt, is expected to intensify in the years ahead. Fortunately nurses can take personal action
to address the challenge of global warming by making choices in their homes, workplaces, communities,
and legislatures. In homes nurses can make smart choices by buying energy-efficient appliances and cars
and opting for public transportation when available. In the workplace nurses can strive to reduce, reuse,
and recycle in order to decrease the health care impact on the environment. Nurses can also promote the
safest, most advanced methods of waste disposal, never opting for incineration, which is a polluting and
outdated method of waste disposal. Nurses can also join local communities, faith communities, and
organizations that are already working to reduce global warming. The experiences of the Maryland nurses,
described above, illustrates how nurses can work with legislators at any level to create and implement
policies that will lead to fewer carbon emissions from cars, good public transportation, sustainable
communities, and renewable energy.
Messages from nurses are accepted as credible and compelling since nursing is a very trusted profession.
As nurses begin to understand and see the effects of global warming, their advocacy roles as well as their
roles in health planning and care delivery will evolve.
Conclusion
It is important that nurses grasp the effects of global warming and advocate for policies and practices
which will decrease the global warming process. This article has provided a brief overview of global
warming and climate changes, discussed effects of climate change on health, considered the factors which
contribute to climate changes, and reviewed individual and collective efforts related to reducing global
warming. It is hoped that this article will assist nurses and other health care providers decrease the
negative effects of global warming and thus improve the health of all people who live on the planet called
Earth.