This document provides an overview of key concepts in computer networks and communication. It defines what a network is, discusses the need for networking and sharing of resources, and outlines the evolution of early networks like ARPANET and NSFNET into the modern Internet. It also covers network topologies, transmission media, switching techniques, common network devices, and communication protocols.

1. Communication and Network Concepts Computer Science

31. Comparatively higher error rates (4) Very low error rates Owned by multiple organizations (3) Complete ownership by a single organization <= 1 MBPS (2) Operate at data transfer rate of several MBPS (1 to 10 MBPS) Span entire countries (1) Diameter of not more than few km WAN LAN

35. Star Topology

36. Star topology A star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub or concentrator Data on a star network passes through the hub or concentrator before continuing to its destination. The hub or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.

50. Bridge – connects two LANS having the same protocol – (e.g. Ethernet or Token ring) LAN A Bridge LAN B Data not destined for other network is prevented from passing over the bridge.

56. LAN design- General Network Design Process Access needs and costs Model Network workload Select topologies and technologies to satisfy needs Simulate behavior under expected load Perform sensitivity test Rework design as needed

57. Thank you