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PsychologyOf Betrayal
By Heba Essawy
Defenition
• Betrayal (or backstabbing) is the breaking or violation of a
presumptive contract ,trust, or confidence that produces
moral and psychological conflict within a relationship amongst
individuals
Overview on Betrayal
• Betrayal is a sense of being harmed by the intentional actions,
or omissions, of a person who was assumed to be a trusted
and loyal.
• Betrayal is disbelieved at first as an harmful actions by an
trustful person not by an enemy.
Criteria of Betrayal
• Betrayals are ‘non-physical’ but emotional.
• There is no threat of serious injury or death.
• Have catastrophic effects include degradation, rejection,
humiliation.
• Are life-altering but rarely life-threatening.
• The range of reactions to traumatic events is wider than
generally
Traitor: Definition
• “Traitor" : a person who betrays their own political party,
nation, family, friends, ethnic group, team, religion to which
they belong .
• High treason: Treason against the king
• Petit treason: Treason against a lesser superior .
Category of Betrayal
Five categories:
1. Disclosures of confidential information.
2. Disloyalty.
3. Infidelity.
4. Dishonesty.
5. Failures to offer expected assistance during significant times
of need.
Effects of a betrayal: short term
1. Disclosures :Distress, punitive thoughts and anger.
2. Infidelity :Generates shock, distress, ruminative pre-
occupation, self-doubting.
3. Disloyalty : lowered self-esteem and anger.
4. Failure to provide expected assistance: distress, disbelief,
ruminations, anger.
5. Dishonesty : anger, distress, punitive thoughts.
• .
Psychiatric Complication Of
Betrayal
• • Numbness
• • Denial
• • Anger and hurt
• • Unhappiness and sadness
• • Panic and Anxiety
• • Depression.
• • Loss of confidence
• • No self-worth
Psychiatric Complication Of
Betrayal
• PTSD-like symptoms that are produced by catastrophic
betrayals.
• Anxiety, avoidance.
• OCD .
• Negative appraisals themselves.
The effects of a betrayal: long-
lasting
• A breach in the bond of trust.
• The bond is commonly replaced by a barrier and tends to be
permanent.
Re-construal occur:
1. when the betrayed person acquires new information that
disconfirms what happened.
2. During therapy.
Seriousness of Betrayal
**Depend on the interaction between
• The significance and depth of the trusting bond.
• The magnitude of the harm caused.
Degree Of Betrayal
• Trauma with high-betrayal was the largest
contributor to borderline traits
• Trauma with medium betrayal was predictor to paranoid
traits.
• Trauma low in betrayal was not associated with significant
features
Psychological effects of
betrayal
• Feelings of degradation,
• Humiliation, worthlessness.
• The betrayer becomes a source of contamination;
Human contaminant
Betrayal Trauma
**Betrayal trauma occurs when:
• The betrayer is the person upon whom the victim rely for
satisfaction of a need necessary for continued wellbeing.
• An example of betrayal trauma is childhood physical,
emotional, or sexual abuse."
Betrayal trauma: Emotional
Aspect
• Both victims and perpetrators report a range of negative
emotions.
• Victim experience : disgust, anxiety,and shame .
• Perpetrators experienced:
- Guilt.
- Self-disgust.
-Regret, remorse.
Betrayal Trauma Theory
• •A betrayal trauma is a type of trauma involving a violation of
a trust necessary for survival, e.g., between caregiver and
child (Freyd, 1996).
• the betrayal trauma theory proposes that a social utility
‫المنفعة‬‫االجتماعية‬ might cause an individual to undergo traumatic
amnesia in favor of maintenance of a relationship perceived as
needed for survival.
Betrayal Trauma Theory :
Criteria
• Freyd suggested the degree to which the relationship is
viewed as needed influences how events are processed and
remembered.
• Unawareness and forgetting of abuse were higher when the
relationship between perpetrator and victim involved
closeness, trust, or care-giving.
• used to refer to the prediction/theory about the cause of
unawareness and amnesia
Betrayal Trauma Theory Scale
Biology of Betrayal
• Genetic
- DRD 4
• Neuro-hormone
- Oxytocin increase in trust.
- Vasopresion
Betrayal blindness
• Betrayal blindness is the unawareness, not-knowing, and
forgetting exhibited by people towards betrayal
• In betrayals that are not traditionally considered "traumas,"
such as adultery, inequities in the workplace and society.
• Both victims, perpetrators display betrayal blindness in order
to preserve relationships, institutions, and social systems upon
which they depend.
Defense Mechanism
• Dissociation: when a person do not take their opportunities to
escape when they have the chance.
• learn to compartmentalize (i.e., dissociate) their traumatic
experiences from conscious awareness by dividing attention.
• Dissociation state : when a victim can cope with the abuse
they endure.
 Psychology of Betrayal
 Psychology of Betrayal
 Psychology of Betrayal
 Psychology of Betrayal
 Psychology of Betrayal

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Psychology of Betrayal

  • 2. Defenition • Betrayal (or backstabbing) is the breaking or violation of a presumptive contract ,trust, or confidence that produces moral and psychological conflict within a relationship amongst individuals
  • 3. Overview on Betrayal • Betrayal is a sense of being harmed by the intentional actions, or omissions, of a person who was assumed to be a trusted and loyal. • Betrayal is disbelieved at first as an harmful actions by an trustful person not by an enemy.
  • 4. Criteria of Betrayal • Betrayals are ‘non-physical’ but emotional. • There is no threat of serious injury or death. • Have catastrophic effects include degradation, rejection, humiliation. • Are life-altering but rarely life-threatening. • The range of reactions to traumatic events is wider than generally
  • 5. Traitor: Definition • “Traitor" : a person who betrays their own political party, nation, family, friends, ethnic group, team, religion to which they belong . • High treason: Treason against the king • Petit treason: Treason against a lesser superior .
  • 6. Category of Betrayal Five categories: 1. Disclosures of confidential information. 2. Disloyalty. 3. Infidelity. 4. Dishonesty. 5. Failures to offer expected assistance during significant times of need.
  • 7. Effects of a betrayal: short term 1. Disclosures :Distress, punitive thoughts and anger. 2. Infidelity :Generates shock, distress, ruminative pre- occupation, self-doubting. 3. Disloyalty : lowered self-esteem and anger. 4. Failure to provide expected assistance: distress, disbelief, ruminations, anger. 5. Dishonesty : anger, distress, punitive thoughts. • .
  • 8. Psychiatric Complication Of Betrayal • • Numbness • • Denial • • Anger and hurt • • Unhappiness and sadness • • Panic and Anxiety • • Depression. • • Loss of confidence • • No self-worth
  • 9. Psychiatric Complication Of Betrayal • PTSD-like symptoms that are produced by catastrophic betrayals. • Anxiety, avoidance. • OCD . • Negative appraisals themselves.
  • 10. The effects of a betrayal: long- lasting • A breach in the bond of trust. • The bond is commonly replaced by a barrier and tends to be permanent. Re-construal occur: 1. when the betrayed person acquires new information that disconfirms what happened. 2. During therapy.
  • 11. Seriousness of Betrayal **Depend on the interaction between • The significance and depth of the trusting bond. • The magnitude of the harm caused.
  • 12. Degree Of Betrayal • Trauma with high-betrayal was the largest contributor to borderline traits • Trauma with medium betrayal was predictor to paranoid traits. • Trauma low in betrayal was not associated with significant features
  • 13. Psychological effects of betrayal • Feelings of degradation, • Humiliation, worthlessness. • The betrayer becomes a source of contamination; Human contaminant
  • 14. Betrayal Trauma **Betrayal trauma occurs when: • The betrayer is the person upon whom the victim rely for satisfaction of a need necessary for continued wellbeing. • An example of betrayal trauma is childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuse."
  • 15. Betrayal trauma: Emotional Aspect • Both victims and perpetrators report a range of negative emotions. • Victim experience : disgust, anxiety,and shame . • Perpetrators experienced: - Guilt. - Self-disgust. -Regret, remorse.
  • 16. Betrayal Trauma Theory • •A betrayal trauma is a type of trauma involving a violation of a trust necessary for survival, e.g., between caregiver and child (Freyd, 1996). • the betrayal trauma theory proposes that a social utility ‫المنفعة‬‫االجتماعية‬ might cause an individual to undergo traumatic amnesia in favor of maintenance of a relationship perceived as needed for survival.
  • 17. Betrayal Trauma Theory : Criteria • Freyd suggested the degree to which the relationship is viewed as needed influences how events are processed and remembered. • Unawareness and forgetting of abuse were higher when the relationship between perpetrator and victim involved closeness, trust, or care-giving. • used to refer to the prediction/theory about the cause of unawareness and amnesia
  • 19. Biology of Betrayal • Genetic - DRD 4 • Neuro-hormone - Oxytocin increase in trust. - Vasopresion
  • 20. Betrayal blindness • Betrayal blindness is the unawareness, not-knowing, and forgetting exhibited by people towards betrayal • In betrayals that are not traditionally considered "traumas," such as adultery, inequities in the workplace and society. • Both victims, perpetrators display betrayal blindness in order to preserve relationships, institutions, and social systems upon which they depend.
  • 21. Defense Mechanism • Dissociation: when a person do not take their opportunities to escape when they have the chance. • learn to compartmentalize (i.e., dissociate) their traumatic experiences from conscious awareness by dividing attention. • Dissociation state : when a victim can cope with the abuse they endure.