1. STEEL
- Physical / Mechanical / Chemical
Properties
Submitted By – Harpreet Kaur
CUN120301034
B. Arch Semester 3 B1

2. Introduction
• Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
• It is one of the most common materials in the world.
• It is a major component in buildings, infrastructure,
tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances, and
weapons.
• Types of Steels -
Carbon Steels
Alloy Steels
Stainless Steels
Tool Steels

4. Physical Properties
• The properties that need to be considered by designers
when specifying steel construction products are:
• Strength
• Toughness
• Ductility
• Weld ability
• Durability
• Low weight

5. Chemical Properties
• The difference between a physical and chemical
property is straightforward until the phase of the
material is considered. The main properties are -
• Phase Transformation Temperatures
• Density
• Specific Gravity
• Thermal Conductivity
• Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
• Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity
• Magnetic Permeability

6. Mehcanical Properties
• The mechanical properties of a material are those
properties that involve a reaction to an applied
load. The mechanical properties of metals determine
the range of usefulness of a material and establish the
service life that can be expected.
• Mechanical properties are also used to help classify
and identify material.
• The mechanical properties of a material are not
constants and often change as a function of
temperature, rate of loading, and other conditions.

7. Notch-toughness
• There is always a possibility of microscopic cracks in a
material or the material may develop such cracks as a
result of several cycles of loading. Such cracks may
grow rapidly without detection and lead to sudden
collapse of the structure. To ensure that this does not
happen, materials in which the cracks grow slowly are
preferred. Such steels are known as notch-tough steels
and the amount of energy they absorb is measured by
impacting a notched specimen with a heavy pendulum
as in Izod or Charpy tests.

9. • If its a RC frame building (Reinforced concrete) then
the steel would be in the form of steel bars ranging in
diameter from 8mm to 50mm or mesh depending on
the calculations made by architects. These bars would
be tied together with mild or stainless steel tying wire
to form cages which would then be covered with
concrete which form walls, columns and floors.
• Steel is also used in the foundations of buildings. This
can be from small beams in houses or in the form of
concrete piles which are basicly long holes drilled deep
into the ground and filled with a steel cage and
concrete.
• Other than this the steel could be in the form of RSJs
rolled steel joists or steel girders. This is used to build
a frame from which floor slabs are suspended.