The document provides an overview of an in-plant training presentation on a coal-fired thermal power station in Kanti, Bihar, India. It discusses the history and ownership of the plant, the two-unit 110MW capacity, the coal-fired process from coal delivery to steam generation, turbine operation, and power generation. It also summarizes the generator, transmission system including the control room, and substation equipment. The synchronization process is explained in three steps regarding terminal voltage, running speed/frequency, and phase sequence matching the bus bar.

1. PRESENTATION ON
IN-PLANT TRAINING
DURATION:06-06-2011 to 02-07-2011
AT
Kanti bijlee utpadan nigam ltd.
(a jv of ntpc & bseb) By- Hari ohm Singh
Kanti, Muzaffarpur, Bihar Reg no:- 09bee020

2. History Of Development of Plant
• Vaishali power generating company ltd.(VPGCL)
Formerly •Owned by “Bihar State Electricity Board”
• Kanti Bijlee Utpadan Nigam Ltd.
Currently • A joint venture of NTPC(51-74%) and BSEB(49-26%)
• It is totally coal fired thermal power station.
Features
• There are two units each of 110MW installed capacity.
Capacity • Installed capacity= 2*110 MW

3. Step-1
coal to steam
Step-2
steam to mechanical power
Step-3
power generation , transmission &
distribution

4. •working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure.
Process
1-2
• high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is
heated at constant pressure by an external heat
Process
2-3 source to become a dry saturated vapor.
• The dry saturated vapor expands through
Process a turbine, generating power.
3-4
• The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is
Process condensed at a constant temperature to become
4-1 a saturated liquid.
• After the vapor has passed through H.P. it is
reheated before passing through I.P. turbine.
Process • this prevents the vapor from condensing during its
3-3’ expansion which can seriously damage the turbine
blades, and improves the efficiency of the cycle

5. The coal is unloaded either manually or with the help of
wagon tippler into the hopper to the conveyer belt.
Coal is passed through metal detectors in order to remove
metals present in coal.
Stones from coal is removed manually in its journey through
conveyer belt.
Then the coal is passed through vibrating screen where coal
of 5mm is separated from large coals.
Then coal is crushed in crusher and passed through metal
detectors to remove iron particles.
Coal is then supplied from coal bunker to pulverizing mill.
Coal dust comes out of this mill.(KBUNL have ball mills)

7. At KBUNL water tube boiler is employed for steam
generation.
Fuel is burnt in furnace . The pulverized coal is dried by P.A fans and
secondary air is provided by F.D fan for pulverized coal combustion in
the furnace.
Water from boiler is passed through the down comers to the bottom
ring header. From bottom ring header water goes to water walls for
heat absorption and conversion in to steam.
Bottom of furnace is open to allow ash/clinkers to fall freely in to the
bottom ash hopper. And flue gas is used in economiser and reheaters.
Then it is discharged with the help of I.D fan in to atmosphere.

10. High pressure
turbine Intermediate
•It is of single flow pressure turbine Low pressure turbine
design with eight •Double flow design •It is also of double
stages of blading. with seven stages of flow design with 6
•Each stage has blading on either side. stages in front and
moving and •Each stage has rear flow paths.
stationary blades. moving and stationary •Each stage has
•Superheated blades. moving and
steam(at 1100⁰c) from •Reheated steam(at stationary blades.
boiler drum enters in 535⁰ c) from H.P •Stem out of I.P.
to it. turbine outlet enters turbine directly
•Speed-3000rpm in to it. enters in to it.
•Speed-3000rpm •Speed-3000rpm

11. Rating Continuous
Active Output 110 MW
Rated Voltage 11000+/-5%V
Rated Current 7220 A
Power Factor 0.8 lagging
Frequency 50 Hz
Excitation System Static type
Field current at rated 1335 A
output
Type of cooling system Hydrogen Cooled
Hydrogen Pressure 2 Ata
No. Of H₂ cooled 06
elements
Cooling medium for H₂ Soft water

12. Mechanical power produced at the shaft of the turbine is
used to rotate rotor.
Rotating Magnetic flux produced by rotor cuts stator
conductor and from electromagnetic induction, electricity is
produced .
rotor runs at 3000 rpm, produces 3-phase voltage at 11kv ,
and of 50 HZ frequency.
Oil shielded hydrogen is used for the cooling purpose of
generator.
In case of any fault if production of plants stops then bearing motor
rotates rotor shaft of turbine continuously at 65 rpm. This is because if
shaft doesn’t rotate then due to load it may bend.

13. KBUNL has a capacity to generate 220 MW of electricity
but only one unit is working and another is under R&M
process. 90 MW is generated out of 110 MW.
The transmission is done through 3-phase , double circuit system.
With the help of station transformer 11kv is step up to 220 kv and
fed to substation.

14. It is the brain of any substation. All necessary steps about Transmission ,
protection, Charging e.t.c are carried out in the control room.
Measuring instruments of the control room:-
Relay circuit
•A protective device that operate during faulty condition and gives command to
circuit breaker to trip. Mainly the electromagnetic induction relays are used.
Fault locator
By comparing voltage and current the relay measures the line
impedance up to the point of fault and locate the position of
fault from the previous knowledge of line impedance.
Switch gear
• Switches used in substation for making or breaking the
electrical contacts in convenient way. There are two
type of switches air switch and oil switch.

15. Voltmeter and ammeter
•As the names imply they are used for measuring voltage and
current respectively.
Power meter
•Used to measure the power in standard unit of MW or KW.
Crt screen
•A computer arrangement in which current information about
transmission line is seen.
Battery room
Consists of several batteries and chargers for emergency
purpose.

16. It consists of following equipments :-
transformer
•The autotransformer used in power station. It has three windings primary,
secondary and tertiary. The 220kv voltage is fed as input to primary by step
down 132kv fed to KBUNL as input.
circuit breaker(sf6 at KBUNL)
•Used for closing or opening an electrical circuit under normal or abnormal
conditions. These circuit breakers are equipped with trip coil connected to relay,
design to open breaker automatically
tower
•We have suspension type tower called as ‘A’ type tower. The peak point angle is
0⁰ to 2⁰. In this type conductor is suspended with an insulator.
•Guard ring Is used to balance the capacitive current in transmission lines.

17. Current transformer
•Used to reduce the current level such that it can be measured easily.
Bus isolators
•Used to isolate bus bars.
Lightning arrestor
•Used to protect the transmission line and connected equipment during
lightening .
Wave trap
wave trap which changes the frequency 50Hz to 500Hz can be
used for communicate between power plants.

18. • A controlled quantity of crushed coal is fed to each bowl mill (pulveriser) by its
respective feeders and primary air is supplied from the primary air fans which drives
the coal as it is being pulverized and transports the pulverized coal through the coal
Step-1 piping system to the coal burner.
•The pulverized coal and air discharge from the coal burners is directed
towards the centre of furnace to form fire ball.
Step-2
•The secondary air heating system supplies secondary air for combustion
in the furnace around the pulverized coal burners and through auxiliary
Step-3 air compartments ,directly adjacent to the coal burner compartments.
•Above a predictable minimum loading condition, the ignition becomes
self-sustaining. Combustion is completed as the gases spiral up in the
Step-4 furnace.

19. •The terminal voltage of alternator must be equal to the bus-bar voltage.
Step-1
•The running speed frequency must be equal to the bus-bar frequency.
•( Ns=120f/P ) => ( f=PN/120 )
Step-2 •Where, f= frequency,P= no. Of poles ,N= speed of alternator
•The phase sequence of the incoming unit must be same as that of the
existing bus bar to which the generator is to be synchronized.
Step-3