The writing system is the most important invention in human history. The processes of reading, therefore, can be viewed as the user experience of written text. In this talk, I briefly introduce the processes of reading within the context of user experience design.
11. 1989/2011
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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12. 從頁面抽取視覺訊息
並理解文句意義的能力
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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13. 1908
Huey, E. B. (1908). The Psychology and pedagogy of reading. MacMillan, New York.
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14. 1908
Huey, E. B. (1908). The Psychology and pedagogy of reading. MacMillan, New York.
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15. 1908
Huey, E. B. (1908). The Psychology and pedagogy of reading. MacMillan, New York.
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16. 1908
Huey, E. B. (1908). The Psychology and pedagogy of reading. MacMillan, New York.
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17. 1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
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18. 1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
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19. 1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
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20. 1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
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21. 1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
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22. 1927
Shen, E.C. (1927), An analysis of eye movements in the reading of Chinese, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20,
158-183.
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23. 1927
Shen, E.C. (1927), An analysis of eye movements in the reading of Chinese, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20,
158-183.
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24. 1985
Sun, F., Morita, M, & Stark, L. W. (1985). Comparative patterns of reading eye movement in Chinese and English.
Perception & Psychophysics, 37, 502-506.
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25. 1977
Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L. & Wang, W. S.-Y. (1977). Speech recoding in reading Chinese characters, Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Memory and Language 3, 621–630.
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43. 477 頁
691 頁
Li, C. N. & Thompson, S. A. (1981). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
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53. Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
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54. 眼球停頓時稱為凝視( fixations )
持續大約 150-300 ms
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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55. 只有在凝視時
人們才能夠獲得視覺訊息
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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56. 影像從眼睛傳到大腦
眼動停止
約需 60 ms
凝視 120 ms 後
文字特性才開始 眼動開始
影響凝視時間
凝視結束前 30 ms
認知因素已無法
影響凝視時間
McConkie, G. W., Underwood, N. R., Zola, D., & Wolverton, G. S. (1985). Some temporal characteristics of processing
during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11, 168-186.
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58. Solso, R. L. (2001). Cognitive psychology (6th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
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59. Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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60. Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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61. 英文:
左 4 ,右 14
McConkie, G. W., & Rayner, K. (1976). Asymmetry of the perceptual span in reading. Bulletin of the Psychonomic
Society, 8, 365-368.
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62. Tsai, C.-H., & McConkie, G. W. (1995, September). The perceptual span in reading Chinese text: A moving window
study. Poster session presented at the Eighth European Conference on Eye Movements, Derby, UK.
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63. 中文:
左 1 ,右 1~2
Inhoff, A. W. & Liu, W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentence.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 20-34.
Tsai & McConkie (1995, September)
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70. McClelland, J. L. & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1.
An account of Basic Findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375-407.
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71. 詞優效應( Word Superiority Effect )
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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73. 在 花蓮 買 地主要 是 考慮 當地 的 環境
原住民 地主要 收回 原本 的 土地
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
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74. 那 家 公司 的 人口才 一流
台灣 的 人口才 兩千三百萬
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
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75. 台灣話
講台 台灣
講 台 灣 話
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
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76. 新手 手術
新 手 術
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
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77. 1. Determine the size of input window. Probability of identifying this character = 1 -
0.0275 * number of strokes
計算這次凝視 ?
可看見多少字
1. Partial words are also matched.
2. Identify words. 2. Apply GMM+AWF on all possible
tokenizations.
認詞/斷詞
3. Compute fixation duration and determine the location of the next input window.
(a) 1. Compute fixation duration.
計算凝視時間
2. Unique identification? Skip word. (+ word
與下個凝視點 length)
3. Firm boundary? No overlap. (+ current
window size)
4. Otherwise, left-justify the last word in next
(b) window. (+ 2)
copy copy 1. Compute fixation duration.
2. No unique identification or firm boundary?
Store the content in a temporary buffer. (+
current window size)
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
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78. Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
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96. 閱讀時工作記憶的容量
大約是 4 個命題
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
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97. 命題愈多,工作記憶負荷愈大
理解程度愈差
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
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98. 圖形 - 句子驗證作業
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
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100. 儘量直接表達
不使用贅字贅詞
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
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101. 使用熟悉的詞彙
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
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102. 明確陳述所有必要資訊
不要讓讀者自行推論
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
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104. Bransford 與 Johnson (1972)
Bransford, J.D., & Johnson, M.K. (1972). Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of
comprehension and recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 717-726.
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105. Bergman 與 Roediger (1999)
Bergman, E., & Roediger, H. L. (1999). Can Bartlett's repeated reproduction experiments be replicated? Memory &
Cognition, 27, 937-947.
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115. 5,000 個繁體字及簡體版本筆劃數差異
以使用頻率加權後平均
10
9.04
9
8 7.27
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
繁體 簡體
Tsai, C.-H. (1996). The writing systems of China and Taiwan: A comparison of character complexity. Unpublished
manuscript.
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