2. 1066-10877
• The reign of King William the Conqueror
• The Battle of Hastings and the defeat of
Harold Godwinson
• The Building of Norman castles in England
including the Tower of London in 1073
• 1086 - Compilation of the Doomsday book

3. 1087-1100
• The reign of King William Rufus
(son of William)
• William invades Wales and builds
castles on the borders

4. 1100-1135
• The reign of King Henry I (William
Rufus brother)

5. 1135-1154
• The reign of King Stephen (nephew of Henry I)
• 1099: First Crusade. Jerusalem is re-taken from
the Muslims on the urging of Pope Urban II
• 1118: The Knights Templar founded to protect
Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their
journey to the city
• 1147: Second Crusade

6. 1154-1189
• The reign of King Henry II (grandson of Henry I)
• 1156: Kremlin built in Moscow
• 1158: The Hanseatic League is founded
• 1184: The first of many Inquisitions begins
• 1170: Thomas a Becket is murdered in
Canterbury Cathedral

7. 1189-1199
• The reign of King Richard I (third son of
Henry II)
• 1190: Third Crusade. Saladin manages
to unite the Muslim world and
recapture Jerusalem, sparking the Third
Crusade

8. 1199-1216
• The reign of King John (fifth son of Henry II)
• 1200: Fourth Crusade embarks. Eventually
sacks Constantinople
• 1212: Children's Crusade
• 1214 -1215: Barons revolt
• 1215: Magna Carta is signed

9. 1216-1272
• The reign of King Henry III (son of
John)
• 1258: Provisions of Oxford forced
upon Henry III of England,
establishing a new form of
government limited regal authority

10. 1272-1307
• The reign of King Edward I (son of Henry III)
• 1273: Rudolph I of Germany is elected Holy
Roman Emperor
• 1274: Thomas Aquinas' work, Summa Theologiae
is published
• 1295: Marco Polo publishes his tales of China
• 1297: William Wallace emerges as the leader of
the Scottish resistance to England

11. 1307-1327
• The reign of King Edward II (son of
Edward I)
• 1307: The Knights Templar are rounded
up and murdered by Philip the Fair of
France, with the backing of the Pope
• 1311-1315: The Great Famine

12. 1327-1377
• The reign of King Edward III (son of Edward II)
• 1337: The Hundred Years War begins. England and France
struggle for dominance of Western Europe
• 1346: Battle of Crecy
• 1347: The Black Death ravages Europe for the first of many
times. An estimated 20% - 40% of the population is thought
to have perished within the first year
• 1356: Battle of Poitiers

13. 1377-1399
• The reign of King Richard II (grandson of Edward III,
son of the Black Prince)
• 1380: Chaucer begins to write The Canterbury Tales
• 1381: Peasants Revolt in England
• 1382: The Bible is translated into English by John
Wycliffe.

14. 1399-1413
• The reign of King Henry IV
(grandson of Edward III, son of
John of Gaunt)

15. 1413-1422
• The reign of King Henry V (son of
Henry IV)
• 1415: Battle of Agincourt

16. 1422-1461
• The reign of King Henry VI (son of Henry V)
• 1429: Joan of Arc lifts the siege of Orleans for the Dauphin of
France, enabling him to eventually be crowned at Reims
• 1430: Capture, trial, and execution of Joan of Arc
• 1434: The Medici family rises to prominence in Florence
• 1452: Leonardo da Vinci is born
• 1453: The Hundred Years War ends. Calais is the only English
possession on Continental Europe
• 1455: Johann Gutenberg prints the first of his Bibles on his
new printing press
• 1455: The Wars of the Roses begins in England

17. 1461-1483
• The reign of King Edward IV (
youngest son of Edward III)
• William Caxton sets up a printing
press in Westminster

18. 1483-1485
• The reign of King Richard III (uncle
of Edward V)
• 1485: The Wars of the Roses ends
and the Tudor dynasty begins