Module 3 module 1 architecural layout & details

30
Content Standard Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding
of concepts and underlying principles in
the preparation of architectural layout
and details.
The learner independently prepares
architectural layout and details based on
established industry and/or job
requirements.
Quarter I Time Allotment: 32 hrs.
Quarter II Time Allotment: 40 hrs.
Module 3
DRAFTING ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS
Introduction
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) of the K to 12 Basic Education
Program (BEP) is composed of four components namely: Agri-Fishery Arts, Home
Economics, Industrial Arts and Information and Communications Technology (ICT).
In this module, the focus is on ICT - Architectural Layout and Details.
This course introduces the different learning activities that will prepare you to
be skillful before you take the plunge into the world of work as draftsman and to feel
more confident while providing support where needed.
This module is specifically crafted to focus on Process and Delivery enriched
with hands-on activities that will assess your level in terms of skills and knowledge.
Learning procedures are divided into different sections such as: What to Know,
What to Process, What to Reflect and Understand and What to Transfer
So, explore and experience the lessons in Architectural Layout and Details
and be a step closer to being a draftsman.
Objectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 plan and prepare for work
 prepare and set up tools and materials for drawing
 draft site development plan
 draft floor plans
 draft roof plans
 draft ceiling plans
 draft elevations and sections
 perform presentation drawings

31
At this point, you are
heading into meaningful
activities and learning
encounters. Complete the
exercises and answer the
suggested worksheets to
experience lifelong, practical
learning that awaits at the end
of this module.
ENJOY YOUR JOURNEY!
*****
Pre-assessment:
You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior knowledge and previous
experiences about Technical Drafting. This phase will guide you in assessing
yourself by answering the questions below before you further explore the basics of
architectural layout and details.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the space
provided before each number.
_____ 1.A drawing tool used to draw horizontal lines and serves as guide for
triangles.
a. protractor b. ruler c. trianglesd. T-square
_____ 2. An instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
a. protractor b. ruler c. tape rule d. triangles
_____ 3. The best instrument used for dividing lines or distance into equal parts.
a. compass b. divider c. protractor d. ruler
_____ 4. A flat piece of plastic with standard symbols and used as guide for
drawing images on plans.
a. French curve b. templates c. triangles d. T-square
_____ 5. It is used in setting a line degree angle.
_____ 6. An area of land for construction or the lot on which a building is
constructed.
a. corner lot b. open lot c. site d. through lot
_____ 7. Is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways.
a. corner lot b. inside lot c. open lot d. through lot
_____ 8. Is a lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting on a corner of two sides.

32
_____ 9. Is a lot surrounded on each side by other lots.
_____10. Refers to the restrictions on size, location, and type of structures to be built
on a designated area.
a. building code b. set back c. site d. zoning
_____11. The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be built.
a. floor plan b. foundation plan c. location plan d. roof plan
_____12. Shows the design of the house, height dimension, material finish and
complete information and specification.
a. elevation b. perspective c. roof d. section
_____13. Shows the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating ridges,
valleys, hips, and openings.
a. ceiling plan b. floor plan c. foundation plan d. roof plan
_____14. The structural excavation plan of footings and walls of the building.
a. ceiling plan b. floor plan c. foundation plan d. roof plan
_____15. A part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a house.
a. beams b. footings c. lintels d. roofs
_____16. This room is generally located between the bedrooms.
a. bathroom b. dining area c. kitchen d. foyer
_____17. Is the center of the living area in most home.
a. bed room b. dining room c. kitchen room d. living room
_____18. They are overhang roof lines in the form of hidden lines in a floor plan.
a. canopy b. dormer c. eave line d. shed line
_____19. The drawing of flow of water in the house from the main source.
a.plumbingplan c. water system plan
b. sewage system plan d. water and sewage system plan
_____20. A plan that shows the flow of house lightings.
a. auxiliary layout c. electrical plan
b. lighting layout d. power layout

33
LearningGoalsandTargets:
After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre assessment
skills test, you might have ideas of what to expect in this module. Now prepare to set
your goals and targets for this module by completing the activity below.Write your
answer in your notebook.
My goals are:
My targets are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
Goal 1
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3

34
After raising your awareness about the learning goals and targets that you are
supposed to achieve, are you now ready to move on with this module? This will
include topics on the preparation of architectural job requirements, preparing and
setting-up tools and materials, drafting different plans such as: site development
plan, floor plan, roof plan, ceiling plan, drafting elevations and sections and
performing presentation drawings.
Well, have some fun in reading prepared lessons, the activities and
enrichment activities for your reflection and better understanding of the lesson.
Challenge yourself by performing related activities to determine if you have attained
the required knowledge and skills in a particular learning outcome. Enjoy reading…
Lesson 1.Prepare Architectural Job Requirements
This lesson is designed in order that the student may be able to prepare and
familiarize with the different things needed in preparing the requirements of a simple
residential house plan.
Skills Assessment
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain in
order to draft a quality floor plan. On the right side of the matrix lists the skills
expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much”, if you are not so
familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot”, if you are already familiar with the skills. Don’t feel
bad if you checked “Not Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind that this is being
administered to determine your pre-entry knowledge of and skills on the lesson to be
presented.
Skills in Architectural Job Requirements Not Much A little A lot
I can prepare tools, materials and equipment in
technical drawing.
I can select drawing tools, materials and
equipment in accordance with the SOP.
I know how to assess architectural job
requirements based on SOP.

35
I know how to interpret blueprint according to
architectural layout drawing/job requirements
following SOP and work instructions.
Technical Terms Encountered in Preparing Architectural Job Requirements
Baluster Detail- is the detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or balcony
railing.
Column/Footing/Beam Schedule- a complete specification of column, footings,
and beam in terms of sizes, materials and quantity.
Construction Notes- a sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels, beams, and
other required structural features to present in the plan.
Electrical Plan- a plan consists of lighting plan, power layout and specification
details of the house.
Foundation Plan- a structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a
building.
Floor Plan- is the top view of the floor area of a house.
Footings- a part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a house.
General Notes- a complete specification and legend of structural features
presented in the plan.
Lighting layout - an electrical plan that shows the flow of house lightings.
Location Plan- is the top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will
built.
Perspective- is a drawing angle from which an object or structure is viewed.
Power & Auxiliary layout- an electrical plan that shows the location of the
convenienceoutlet and other auxiliary outlet in the floor plan.
Reflected Ceiling Plan- is the complete plan design of house ceiling.
Roof Plan- is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object.

36
Roof Framing Plan- a structural framing plan of the roof plan with complete
specification.
Section- is the view showing the inside part of the building either in cross-
section or longitudinal section.
Site Development Plan or Lot Plan- refers to the position and the location of the
building with property line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours, landscape and
other pertinent data in relation to the site.
Septic Tank- it is the depository of human excreta and a drainage reservoir for
all washing done in the kitchen and bathroom.
Storm Drainage System- shows the flow of water waste from the lavatory, floor
drain, and downspout from the roof to storm drainage.
Truss Detail- a complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of a
building.
Architectural Drafting Tools, Materials and Equipment, Their Uses and Care
Most architectural drafting works generally consist of freehand and
mechanical drawings. In this module, you will learn how to prepare all drafting tools,
materials, and equipment needed for the job.
It is presumed that all students like you are already aware of the tools and
materials needed in drafting works considering your learning in the previous year
level. However, it is still necessary that you will review the past lesson to help you
prepare for higher drafting activity.
Architectural drafting tools, materials and equipment
A. Tools:
1. T-square - used to draw horizontal lines and serves as guides for triangles.
2. Triangle - an instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
3. Drawing Pencil - one of the most important tool of a draftsman in drawing.
4. Erasing shield - a thin sheet of metal used when erasing pencil and inked lines
to protect other drawing lines.

37
5. Protractor - it is used in setting a line degree angle.
6. Triangular Scale - a tool used to enlarged or reduced measurement and
distances to a regular proportion in the drawing paper.
7. French curve - a flat drafting instrument with curved edges and several scroll
shaped cutouts, used as a guide in drawing irregular curves when constructing
graphs or making technical drawings.
8. Penknife or Pencil Sharpener – shapes long pencil lead into a conical shape
points.
9. Compass - used to draw arcs and circles.
10. Dusting brush – a tool used for dusting and cleaning drawings with dust and
crumbs.
11. Technical Pen - a pen used for inking lines in drawing. It comes in different
points/sizes.
12. Templates - a flat piece of plastic with standard symbols and used as guide
for drawing architectural images on plans.
13. Ruler - it is the most popular type of tool for measuring sizes and short
distances.
14. Divider - an instrument used when transferring measurements, dividing lines,
arcs into the desired number of equal parts.
B. Materials:
1. Tracing paper - thin transparent paper used for reproduction in blueprint.
2. Masking tape - used to hold and fasten drawing paper on the drawing board.
3. Eraser - used to remove smears of pencil and ink lines
4. Sandpaper Block - serves as substitute instrument in sharpening a pencil into
desired points.
C. Equipment:
1. Drawing board/table – a board made of soft wood but with cleats of hard wood
where the drawing paper is fastened with a draftsman’s tape.
2. Drawing stool - a basic tool in drafting use is to give some height for the
drafting table on the user when drawing.
3. Drafting machine - a high technology machine for drawing purposes.
How did you find the given information? Which among the architectural
drafting tools, materials, and equipment matters to you most? Well, you are just
starting, move forward to enrich your understanding. Enjoy this simple activity.
Have fun!

38
The importance, uses and maintenance procedure of these tools, materials
and equipment has been discussed in the previous module (Exploratory Phase). It is
presumed therefore, that you are now ready for a series of drafting activities.
Suggested Activity 1
Directions:Below are sample pictures of different drafting tools, materials and
equipmentrequired in the preparation of architectural layout and details. Name the
tool, materials or equipment based on the specific tasks by writing it on the space
provided for.
Tasks/Uses Drafting Tool Equipment
Used when drawing horizontal lines
and support triangles when drawing
vertical lines
Used to enlarged or reduced
measurement and distances to a
regular proportion in the drawing
paper
A flat piece of plastic with standard
symbols used as guide for drawing
architectural images on plans
Used in drawing arcs and circles
Used when removing/cleaning

39
excess construction lines and
smudges in a drawing
Used when drawing vertical and
oblique lines
Note: Please refer your answer on the answer key.
How did you find the given activities? Did you enjoy doing it? Did you find it
hard? Challenge yourself by giving your best in each activity. Be patient, Persevere!
Architectural Working Drawings
The architectural working drawings together with the specifications are the
most important parts of a working plans. Information on the designs, locations, and
dimensions of the elements of a building is found on the architectural working
drawings while information on the quality of materials and sizes is found in the
specifications. A good architectural working drawing gives the contractor the exact
information he needs. Therefore, it must be made clear, simple, orderly arranged,
and accurately drawn so that scaled measurements will match with the actual
structure.
The finished drawings made by the architect, or a draftsman and used by the
contractor are called architectural working drawings. The architectural working
drawings, together with the specifications and the general conditions, form the legal
contract between the owner and the contractor. Since working drawings are the
major portion of the contract documents, they should be accurately drawn.
As beginner, it is important that you should be able to understand, identify
tools and materials used in working drawings and fully understand the standard
procedure in lay-outing and detailing architectural working plans and drawings.
Elements of Architectural Working Drawing
1. Architectural sheets:
A. Sheet # 1 - Title page and index (Exterior Perspective, Site Development Plan or
Plot Plan, and Vicinity Map or Location Plan is often included in the plan).

40
Perspective
A graphic representation of the view as seen by the eyes or it shows the
appearance of the finished building. This drawing represents the actual, in three-
dimensional form of the proposed building. (See sample perspective below).
Site Development Plan
Site
Development
Plan is the
outline and
measurements
of the proposed
building and its
placement on
the property.
This shows the
position and
the location of
the building
with property
line, setbacks,
approaches,
grade contours,

41
landscape, and other pertinent data in relation to the site. A site development plan is
drawn using a scale not smaller than 1:200 meters so that other features found in the
plan will not be greatly affected.
Location Plan
The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be built. It shows
the position of the house inside the lot, the number of the adjacent lots, streets or
lanes before or beside the lot, and the North sign. The location plan is usually
located near the title block. The main line symbol of the North sign is generally
parallel to the side border line of the drawing paper and points upward.

42
Sheet # 1 – Perspective View, Site Development Plan and Location Plan:
Title Block in House Plan.
The title block in house plans includes the following information:
1. Owner’s name
2. Location or address of the proposed house
3. Lot and block numbers
4. Signature of architect or civil engineer who approves the plan
5. Draftsman’s name or initials
6. Date when plan was drawn or completed
7. Table of Contents
8. Scale as shown (See title block in sheet #1)
Directions: Given a drawing paper (as provided by the teacher), draw simple
proposed Location Plan and Site Development Plan. Observe boarder line and title

43
block following architectural drafting standards. Use the given scoring rubrics below
for your assessment.
Product Scoring Rubrics
Name: _________________ Date: ________________
Year & Section: __________ Teacher: _____________
Directions: Below is a tool for evaluating your finished drawing of location plan and
site development plan. Assess yourself using the criteria and rating scalelisted
below for grading purposes.
Criteria 5 points 3 points 1 point
Accuracy The pictorial view
was drawn
according to
standard
The pictorial view
was somehow
drawn according to
standard
The pictorial view
was NOT drawn
according to
standard
Line Technique/
Application
Application of (all)
various lines was
appropriately done
At least three lines
were used
inappropriately
More than three
lines were used
inappropriately
Neatness Finished output
was neatly done,
no erasures/
smudges
Erasures/
smudges are
observable on the
finished output
Finished output
has so many
erasures/
smudges
Time Management Finished the task
10 minute before
the given time
Finished the task
on time
Unable to finished
the given task
Rating Scale:
Points Earned Numerical Rating Descriptive Rating
12 – 15 91 – 100 Very Good
8 – 11 86 – 90 Good
4 – 7 81 – 85 Fair
1 - 3 75 - 80 Needs Improvement
Teacher’s Comments:
Teacher’s Signature: _____________________ Date: _____________

44
Floor Plan
The top view of the floor area of a house. The cutting plane line for this top
view passes between the upper and lower window sills. It represents the
arrangement of rooms, doors, windows and other features located in the floor plan.
Elevation
The
front or side
view of a
building. It
shows the
design of the
house, height
dimension;
materials finish
and complete
information on
specification.
Section
Section drawings
are prepared for interior
details needed to guide

45
construction.The view showing the inside part of the building or a house either in
cross section or longitudinal section.
Refer to the floor plan belowthe path indicated by the cutting plane line the
location of the sectional portion of the house.
Sample Longitudinal Section
(Section “A-A”)
Sample Cross Section
(Section “B-B”)
A
BB
A

47
Roof Plan
Showing the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating ridges,
valleys, hips, and openings.
Facia
Board

48
C-Purlins
Ceiling Plan
Ceiling plan is an outline of the ceiling that shows the overhead interior surface
of a room.

49
Sample Reflected Ceiling
Baluster Detail
The detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or balcony railing. Railing can
either made of steel baluster, ceramic baluster, free-cast baluster, wooden baluster
etc.
D. Sheet # 3 - Sections, Details, Roof Plan and Reflected Ceiling Plan

50
E. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of kitchen, and Detail of

51
Toilet and Bath
Doors and Window Schedule
A complete specification of doors and windows in terms of width, height,
types, materials and quantity.
Kitchen Detail
A drawing
of kitchen floor plan
with complete
specifications.

52
Toilet and Bath Detail
A drawing of toilet and bath floor plan that shows complete features.
Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Staircase Details and Stairways
Elevation.

54
Here are the list of architectural term and their abbreviations commonly used in
technical drafting preparations. You are going to come across these terms so
familiarize each.
Architectural Abbreviations:
Abbrev. Terms Abbrev. Terms Abbrev. Terms
@ At CORR CORRUGATED LAV LAVATORY
BALC BALCONY DR DINING ROOM LR LIVING ROOM
B BATHROOM DN DOWN MBR MASTER
BEDROOM
BR BEDROOM DS DOWN SPOUT M METER
B.W. BOTH WAYS ELEV. ELEVATION MM MILIMETER
BLDG BUILDING FFL FINISH FLOOR
LINE
NTS NOT TO
SCALE
BLT-IN BUILT-IN FGL FINISH
GROUND LINE
OC ON CENTER
CAB CABINET FLR FLOOR SEC. SECTION
CL CEILING LINE FL FLOOR LINE T & B TOILET &
BATH
CEM CEMENT GL GROUND LINE VERT. VERTICAL
CHB CONCRETE
HOLLOW
BLOCK
K KITCHEN

55
Architectural Symbols
Knowing the architectural symbols is a prerequisite for all students in
architecture and drafting technology program. It would be difficult for you to interpret
drawing or blueprint unless you are familiar with the symbols.
The following illustrations are the architectural symbols:
a. Doors and windows symbols that are shown in the floor plan.

56
b. Symbols of doors and windows that are used to represent its existence on floor
plans and elevation drawings.

57
c. Door, window and staircase symbols that are shown in the elevation plans.

58
D. Sheets # 5& 6 – Contains Foundation Plan, Roof Framing Plan, Truss Detail, and
Column/Footing/Beam Schedules
Structural Plans
The following terminologies are used on structural plans. Be familiar with
them and look forward to meeting them.
Foundation Plan - A structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a building.
Is the part of the building below the surface of the ground which is sometimes called
the substructure.
Roof Framing Plan - A structural framing plan of the roof plan with complete
specifications.

59
Truss Detail - A complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of a building
either wooden or steel.
Column/Footing/Beam Schedule - A complete specification of column, footings,
and beam in terms of sizes, materials and quantity.

60
Column, Footings and Beams
Footings
A part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a house. A detail
drawing of building footings with specific requirements.
Footings
Construction Notes - A sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels, beams, and
other required structural features present in the plan.
General Notes - A complete specification and legend of structural features
presented in the plan.

61
Sheet # 5 - Foundation plan, Detail of Footings, Truss Detail, and Column/Footing/
Beam Schedules
Sheet # 6 - Roof Framing Plan, Construction Notes and General Notes

62
Plumbing Plan/Layout
Plumbing Plan
The complete drawing detail of water and sewerage distribution.
Water System Plan
The drawing of flow of water in the house from main water source. Water
coming from the lavatory, bath tubs and floor drain goes to the main canal while
water from the toilet bowl goes to the septic tank.
Sewage System Plan
The drawing flow of sewage from the house to main canal and septic tank.

63
Septic Tank
It is the depository of human excreta and a drainage reservoir for all washing
done in the kitchen and bathroom. The main section of septic tank is the digestive
chamber and the leaching well.
Sheet # 8 - Septic Tank Detail
Storm Drainage System
Shows the flow of water waste from the lavatory, floor drain, and downspout
from roof to storm drainage.

64
E. Sheets # 7/8 -Water and Sewage System Plan
Electrical Plan
A plan consists of lighting plan, power layout and specification details of the
house.
Lighting Layout - An electrical plan that shows the flow of house lightings.
Power & Auxiliary Layout
An electrical plan that shows the flow of convenience outlet and other auxiliary
outlet in the
floor plan.

65
Sheet # 9 –Contains the following working plans: Lighting layout, Power and
Auxiliary layout, Location plan, Panel board Detail, Load Schedules and
Specifications
Electrical Symbols are small drawings or pictograms, used to represent various
electrical devices in a diagram or plan of an electrical circuit. These symbols are
used in sketching schematic diagram for numerous types of electrical works.
Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations Used in wiring plan and diagram:
• ACU – Air-Conditioning Unit
• Weather Proof Outlet – WP
• M –Meter

66
Other Electrical Symbols
Symbol Description Symbol Description
Conductor/Wire Ammeter
Terminal Voltmeter
Switch Galvanometer
Fuse Wattmeter
Connected Wires Wires Not
Connected
Circuit Breaker Push Button
Directions: Identify the different electrical symbols that you can find in the given
sample electrical plan. Determine the number of circuits found in the plan. Explain
the importance of every lighting fixtures in relation to the circuit.

67
Note: You are going to evaluate your answers according to the following criteria:
a. Identification of electrical symbols from the given plan………40%
b. Presentation………………………………………………………30%
c. Content.……………………………………………………………30%
How did you find this activity? Did you enjoy answering it? Is it difficult? Are you
challenged? After having a series of blueprint readings and knowing different
architectural terms, it is now the time to assess yourself how far is your
understanding about the different topics. Give your honest answer to the given
evaluation below. Good luck!!
Summative Assessment: Lesson 1
4.A-Direction. Identify what is referred to in each number and write your answer on
A separate sheet of paper.
______1. A drawing sheet that contains perspective, site development title, page
and sheet index.

68
______2. A drawing of the lot showing the setback and development of the house in
relation to the lot.
______3. The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be built.
______4. Generally includes title block, table of contents, and labels for signs and
sealed of the duly licensed and registered professionals in the plans.
______5.A complete specification of doors and windows in terms of width, height,
types, materials and quantity.
4.B-Direction: Give the term of the following architectural abbreviations:
1. ELEV._______________ 6. FLR. _______________
2. FFL. _______________ 7. GL. _______________
3. DN _______________ 8. NTS ______________
4. O.C. _______________ 9. FL _______________
5. CHB _______________ 10. @ _______________
4.C-Direction: Draw the following architectural symbols of doors and window:
Requirements Drawing Requirements Drawing
1. Interior Door
6. Sliding Door
2. Folding Door 7. Bay Window
3. Swing Door 8. Double Window
4. Accordion Door 9. Sliding Window

69
5. Double Door 10.Arched Opening
4.DGive at least 2 specification found in the roof plan, 4 features in sections, and 2
features from reflected ceiling plan. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
4.E Give at least three (3) specification features in drawing doors and windows
schedule, three (3) main features in kitchen detail, and four (4) features from
toilet and bath details.
4.F Give at least five (5) specification in foundation plan, five(5) features in roof
framingplan, and five (5) features from truss detailing, and five (5) features in
column/footings/beam schedules. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
Now check your answer using the answer key. If you got 90-100% of the items
correctly, proceed to the next learning topic. If not, do the next activities again to
gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. Good luck!!
Lesson 2: Prepare and Set-up Tools and Materials for Drawing
This lesson is designed to familiarize students to the different tools, materials
and equipment needed in technical drawing.
Skills Assessment
presented.

70
Skills in Preparing and Setting-up Tools and
Materials for Drawing
Not Much A little A lot
I know how to observe Occupational Health and Safety
policies and procedures in setting-up tools and
materials for drawing
I know how to prepare drawing tools, materials,
equipment based on the job requirements.
I can set-up tools, materials and equipment based on
the job requirements.
Technical Terms Encountered In Preparing and Setting-Up Tools and Materials
for Drawing
Drawing Tools- are instruments used as guide in drawing processes.
Drawing Materials - are the consumable drawing items such as drawing paper,
masking tape, eraser etc.
Drawing Equipment - the instruments, attachments, and other equipment used to
make mechanical drawings.
The Importance of Drawing Tools, Materials, and Equipment
This lesson is only a review of your prior learning in technical drawing
particularly on the proper use and care of drawing tools, materials and equipment.
The purpose of this discussion is to allow you to review and recall its importance in
the Drafting Technology works.
A.Drawing/Drafting Tools
These refer to the sets of tools that are used in all drafting works or activities
especially if the activity requires mechanical presentation. Prior to the start of drafting
activity, it is expected therefore that all drawing tools needed must be available in the
work station to ensure that the assigned task can be accomplished according job
specifications.
The following are the common drafting tools:
1. Drafting Table/Drawing Board (24” x 36” /0.61cm x 0.91cm)
2. T-square (36” /0.915 cm. length)
3. Triangles -300 x 600 and 400 x 450 (@ least 0.30 each length)
4. Triangular Scale – 1:100, 1:75 in range

71
5. Technical Pens/G-Tech pen/Pilot pen – (From point: 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5,
0.6, 0.8, 1.0)
6. Mechanical pencil – point 0.3, 0.5
7. Pencil Sharpener or Pen knife
8. Drawing Templates – Circular templates, Furniture template, Ellipse template,
9. Protractor (medium size)
10. Dusting Brush
11. Sand paper pad (fabricated fine coarse sand paper attached to wood or board
pad)
12. Erasing shield
13. Pull-push rule
B. Drawing/Drafting Materials
These are sets of consumable items that are specifically used in drafting
works or activities. The draftsman cannot perform his drafting task without these
items.
The following are the required materials needed in drafting works:
1. Bond Paper (short and Long)
2. Tracing paper
3. A4 drawing paper
4. Drawing pencil – HB, F, 2H
5. Pen and Ink Eraser
6. Masking Tape
7. Ink (Steadler/Rotring/Faber Castell)
8. Cartolina Paper
C. Equipment
These items are also essential in producing quality drafting output especially if
the assigned task requires mechanical manipulation. Although, these items are so
expensive, however, these are important in making the drawing output presentable
and convincing to the clients.
The following are some of the equipment needed in drafting task:
1. Drafting machine
2. Leroy Lettering Pen
3. Computer

72
Direction.Identify the drawing tools, materials and equipment needed in performing
the different job or tasks. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper.
A. Five most common tools in drafting architectural layout and details.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3.
B.Four most needed materials in architectural layout and details.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3.
C.List three important equipment needed in lay-outing architectural details
1.
2.
3.
Procedure in Setting up Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment and Standard
Operating Procedure
In preparation for a required task in drawing architectural layout and details, a
draftsman should analyze the job order, prepare, and select tools and materials for
the task. This is to ensure the correct setting of standard procedure and accuracy of
drawing plans. Some of the key tools used in drafting architectural plans are
described and illustrated in this learning Outcome.
The drawing tools, materials and equipment are very expensive items,
however these are important in all drafting tasks. Considering its cost and value in
drafting activity, it is also important to take care and maintain its functionality.
With this, you are required to adhere tothe Standard Operating Procedure in
keeping them safe, functional and safe during and after each use.
A. Before the start of drafting activity: Setting-up of drafting tools, materials
and equipment:

73
1. Select the tools, materials and equipment which are needed in performing the
assigned task.
2. Properly set up the required tools and materials in a place within your reach
which is convenient for you to move and execute your work.
3. Clean the table and tools, see to it that these are free from dust and other
elements that would cause damage to your work.
4. Wash your hand with clean water.
B. Activity proper:
1. Perform the activity by following the standard operating procedure per job
requirement.
2. Properly manipulate all the tools and equipment that are used in the activity.
3. In case of errors or mistakes along the way of the activity (for instance
misprinting of lines, letters, and other forms of mistakes) use appropriate
eraser for a particular mistake.
C. After the activity:
1. Submit your output to your teacher for checking.
2. Check all the tools and materials to ensure that nothing has lost.
3. Check and clean the drawing tools and equipment.
4. Return the tools and materials to the assigned tool keeper for safekeeping.
5. Withdraw your borrower’s card from the tool keeper as a proof that you
have returned the borrowed tools and materials.
5. Clean your work station before leaving.
D. Other important practices that must be observed in the work station or
workplace
There are important practices that you must observed in the work station and
they are the following:
1. Observe safety precautions:
1.1 Never use any tools and equipment without having it cleaned.
1.2 Always turn off the lights, air condition, ceiling fan, computer units, and
otherelectronic equipment before leaving the work station.
1.3 Maintain the cleanliness and orderliness of the work station.

74
1.4 Use tools and equipment properly.
2. Observe punctuality in attendance.
3. Avoid quarreling with your co-students.
4. Observe and practice the value of respect.
5. Return the borrowed tools and equipment on time.
6. Observe and practice proper disposal of waste.
Present to class video presentation about good practices about setting-up
tools and materials for drawing. Let them observe carefully for a group discussion.
After knowing the following considerations strictly emphasized as Standard
Operating Procedure in the utilization of the drafting tools, materials and equipment,
answer the given activities:
Directions: Enumerate the following. Write the answers in your notebook.
A. List down five (5) drafting tools and materials when drawing sheet that contains
perspective, site development, title page and sheet index.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.Give at least five (5) steps for fastening the drawing paper.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

75
C. Cite the steps in setting-up drafting tools, materials and equipment observing
occupational health and safety procedures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
How did you find this activity? Are you challenged? After knowing all the
considerations emphasized as standard operating procedures, it is now the time to
assess yourself how far is your understanding about the topic. Perform the activity
below to assess yourself if you already acquired the skills needed by performing the
given assessment. Good luck!!
Directions:Set-up tools, materials and equipment, based on the job requirements
following the procedures set in the occupational health and safety.
Note: The teacher will set the criteria based on the actual performance.
Architectural Working Drawings
After all the interpretation of drawings are performed, it is also necessary to
expose the student in tracing activity. This activity is commonly applied in industry
especially in the reproduction of the architectural plans. All drafting works must be
done first in the preliminary process using sketching sheet. The final outputs are
those drawings which are done through tracing activity. Below is an activity on
tracing the drawing.
Steps in tracing architectural working drawing sheet # 1:
1. Prepare all tools and materials needed.
2. Fasten sheet #1 and tracing paper on drawing board. Be sure it is aligned
horizontally by the T-square and aligned vertically with the triangle.
3. Trace border lines using T-square, 30 degrees x 60 degrees triangle, and
technical pen point 0.8-1.0.

76
4. Trace all the labels in title block and index using technical pen point 0.3 – 0.6.
5. Trace first all vertical lines using big triangle 30 degrees x 60 degrees. Follow all
horizontal lines using T-square before tracing all the curved and irregular curved
lines using French curved or templates.
6. Trace all the labels and dimensions using technical pen point 0.1-0.4.
7. Finalize the drawing by checking and erasing all unnecessary lines.
Line Technique Application of (all)
various lines was
used according to
standards
At least 3-5 lines
were used not
according to
standards
More than 5 lines
were used not
according to
standards
Accuracy All measurements
and notations
needed were
accurately done
At least 3-5
measurements and
notations needed
were inaccurately
done
More than 5
measurements and
notations needed
were inaccurately
done
Layout/Proportion All drawings were
drawn
proportionately
and was layout
properly
Layout was good
but 1-2 drawing
were out of
proportion
More than 2
drawings were
drawn out of
proportion and
improperly layout
was neatly done,
no erasures nor
any smudges
Erasures/smudges
are observable on
the finished output
Finished output
has so many
erasures/
smudges present
Time Management Finish the task
ahead of the given
time/date
Finish the task on
the given time/date
Unable to finish the
task on the given
time/date
RATING SCALE:
Points earned Numerical Rating Descriptive Rating
21 - 25 91 - 100 Outstanding
16 - 20 86 - 90 Very Good
11- 15 81 - 85 Good
6 - 10 76 - 80 Fair

77
Congratulations! You have done a great job!!
After gaining knowledge from previous activities, you are about to learn new topic on
the preparing and setting-up tools and materials you need for drawing.. Let’s
proceed to another learning experiences. Enjoy and have fun!
Lesson 3. Draft Site Development Plan
This lesson is designed to introduce you to the techniques and processes of
plotting the site development plan guided by the National Building Code Standards.
Skills Assessment
presented.
Skills in Drafting Site Development Plan Not Much A little A lot
I can draw technical description of a lot according to
the approved lot survey.
I know how to draw a building footprint according to the
architectural drafting standards
I can draw a title block according to the architectural
drafting standards.
I know how to indicate dimension lines, dimensions
and drawing titles according to architectural drafting
standards.
Technical Terms Encountered In Drafting Site Development Plan
Building Code- are local laws that set standard for structural design within the
community.

78
Master plan- is the designer’s house or building design based on the needs and
wants of his clients.
Corner lot- is a lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting on a corner of two
streets.
Inside lot- is a lot surrounded on each side by other lots.
Open lot- is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways.
Property lines- are those lines showing the exactarea of the acquired lot.
Setback- refers to the distance at how far a building can be built within the property
lines.
Site Development Plan- is the outline and measurements of the proposed building
and its placement on the property.
Site- is an area of land available for construction or the lot on which a building is
constructed.
Through lot- is a lot having frontage on two public streets or highways.
Zoning- refers to the legal restrictions on size, location, and type of structures to be
built on a designated area.
Site Development Plan

79
Site Development Plan is the outline and measurements of the proposed
building and its placement on the property. This shows the position and the location
of the building with property line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours, landscape
and other pertinent data in relation to the site. A site development plan is drawn
using a scale not smaller than 1:200 meters so that other features found in the plan
will not be greatly affected.
Site
An area of land available for construction or the lot on which a building is
constructed. Building site maybe a single lot, a series of lots, or a subdivision. A lot is
a piece of ground of specific size. A subdivision is a large tract of land that is being
developed.
Planning and Designing
A master plan is defined as the visual presentation of conceptual ideas
supported by mathematical calculations aimed at giving convenience and comfort to
the users or occupants. Good plans are those that are functional and economical
following the principles of “Form Follows Functions”.
Planning Consideration in Developing the Site:

80
 DISTRIBUTION. Refers to the placement, location and arrangement of each
room unit in relation with each other as to function and coordination. One
example is the relation between the dining and the kitchen which primarily
requires accessibility on food servicing. These areas are interrelated and
should not be far from each other. To make the handling of meals easy, the
sequence of food preparation should be provided for in the layout of the
kitchen and its equipment. Three work areas are necessary: the mixing area,
the sink area and the cooking area. Supplies and equipment for use at each
work areas should be stored closed at hand. There is a direct path between
the work areas, forming the so-called “work triangle” by which the efficiency of
a kitchen can be assessed. The sum of the distances between the work
areas should not be less than 3.50 m. and not more than 6.00 m.
 ORIENTATION. Refers to the position and direction of the sunrise and the
sunset. Many want their bedrooms to face the sunrisewhich is, on the eastern
side of the lot. Others, especially those who work at night, prefer their
bedrooms located on the west side. The breeze at the site may determine the
location of the living room and toilet or bathrooms. The height of the flood
waters in the locality should also be considered in determining the distance of
the first floor from the ground. This is especially true in low areas. In high
locations the floor may be 20 cm. only from the ground level.
 SIZES, AREAS and SHAPES.All rooms are intended for human use,
therefore, it should be planned according to human scale. Good design
always provide ample areas to accommodate furniture, appliances, and other
related facilities, including the critical and important lanes or pathways for
routinary movements inside the house.
Rule VIII of the New National Building Code under the 2005 Implementing
Rules & Regulations (No. 7)
Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be
as follows:
1. Rooms for human habitation 6.00 sq.m. with at least dimension of
2.00 m.
2. Kitchen 3.00 sq.m. with at least dimension of 1.50 m.
3. Toilet and Bath 1.20 sq.m. with at least dimension of 0.90 m.
 CIRCULATION. Circulation and movement of the occupants inside the
building should not be hampered by any obstacles nor be detoured as result
of poor planning.
 LIGHT and VENTILATION. There is no substitute for a good daylight and
fresh natural air entering and circulating inside the building. Artificial lighting

81
and ventilation is very costly to those who cannot afford, others prefer it for
maximum comfort regardless of costs.
“Rooms intended for any use not provided with artificial ventilation shall
be provided with a window with a total free area equal to least 10% of the floor
area of the room but not less than 1.00 sq.m. Toilet and bathrooms and
laundry rooms shall be provided with windows with an area not less than 1/20
of the floor area but not less than 240 sq.mm.Such windows shall open
directly to a court, yard, public street or alley or open watercourse”.
 HEIGHT. A moderate height ceiling allows fresh air circulations, comfortable
atmosphere, and preserve aesthetic value of the room. Room with low ceiling
has warm atmosphere that requires artificial ventilation.
Ceiling Heights:
1. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling
heights not less than 2.40 m. For buildings of more than 1 storey,
the minimum height of the first storey shall be 2. 70 m., for the
second storey, 2.40 m., and for the succeeding storeys, 2.10 m.
Above mentioned rooms with natural ventilation shall have ceiling
height of not less than 2.70 m.
2. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height of not less than
1.80 m.above and below it.
 LIKE AND DISLIKES OF THE FAMILY MEMBERS. This factor is usually
considered when the family is rich and can afford to pay for the services of an
architect or draftsman. Before he designs the house, the architect or
draftsman has to first interview the members of the family to get information
about their interests, hobbies, and the like. From such interviews, he will get
to know whether the family wants a library or study room, a social hall, a
playroom, a music room, a swimming pool, a carport or garage, servant’s
quarters, a driver’s room, a landscaped garden, a balcony, and a roof garden.
Property Lines- are those lines showing the exactarea of the acquired lot.

82
Setback- refers to the distance
at how far a building can be
built within the property lines.
Zoning - refers to the legal restrictions on size, location, and type of structures to be
built on a designated area.
Zoning Laws
One major area covered by building code is the zoning laws. Zoning laws
were developed to keep different areas of a community from interfering with each
other. In some cities or towns, separate areas are set aside for specific uses.
Examples are residential, commercial, and industrial. These are established and
protected by zoning laws.In addition, zoning laws establish standards for
construction in different sizes and uses.

83
One of the first thing an architect must do before designing a building is to
read the building codes. The intended use of the building has to be within the limits
of zoning laws. Also, the size of the lot must be large enough to meet the
requirements.
Building Code
Building Code are local laws that set standard for structural design within the
community. This is a collection of local laws that regulate the building of homes and
other structures. These legal requirements are intended to protect the safety and
health of the people who live and work in the buildings. They regulate restrictions
concerning the construction of buildings to provide safety to the occupants.
All constructions in an area must meet the requirements of building codes.
Some of the designs and construction features covered by building codes include:
 Qualifications of persons who can design building within the area.
 Structural design that can be used.
 Lot sizes for certain types of buildings.
 Types and sizes of materials that can be used.
National Building Code Rules
1. For one-storey wooden or frame house, the height of the floor plan from the
ground should not be less than 1.50 m.
2. Walls with window opening should not be less than 2.00 m. from the lot line of
fence. In other words, adjacent houses should not be at least 4.00 m. from
each other.
3. The front part of a house should not be less than 3.00 m. from the lot line along
the street.
4. No windows should be constructed along a wall of a house if this wall is
flushed with or exactly on the lot line.

84
Below are sample shapes for your guide in drawing. Provide yourself with ½
sheets of manila paper, T-square, triangle, pencil and a piece ofpentel pen. You will
draw lots of different shapes:
Directions:Having prepared the needed drafting tools and materials, draw from any
of your chosen shape a lot occupancy in a ½ sheet of manila paper using the
appropriate tools observing the Standard Operating Procedures in drawing site
development plan.
1. Imagined that it is a big drawing of a residential lot. All the side lines will be
label as property lines.
2. As a residential lot, you need to accommodate and locate the following:
2.1A setback space from all the sides of the lot to produce lot occupancy.
2.2One or two streets along the sides of the lot.
2.3Pick an appropriate roofing’s for the lot occupancy.
Hip Roof Gable Roof Dormer Roof
2.4Draw the gate entrance on the front of the lot adjacent to the street for

85
easy access.
3. Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria. If it is group
activity, each group is required to evaluate and give comments on the output of
the assigned leader following the same criteria:
3.1 Completeness of elements.............30%
3.2 Functionality……….........................10%
3.3 Accuracy in measurements……....30%
3.4 Presentation…………......................20%
3.5 Time management (Speed).............10%
Total = 100%
Directions: Identify what is referred to in each number.Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
______1.The outline and measurements of the proposed building and its placement
on the property.
______2. The legal restrictions on size, location, and type of structures to be built on
a designated area.
______3. A piece of ground of specific size.
______4. Local laws that set standard for structural design within the community.
______5. Designed to keep different areas of a community from interfering with
each other.
______6. Space requirement from the lot line along the street.

86
______7. The distance at how far a building can be built within the property lines.
______8. Space requirement of walls with window opening from the lot line of
fence.
______9. Space requirement to each other of adjacent houses according to
National Building Code.
______10. Lines which are working on the outside of the lot area.
Lot Mensuration and Plotting
Technical Terms Encountered in Lot Mensuration and Planning
Lot - an area usually a small piece of land that has been measured and is
considered as a unit used for a particular purpose.
Inside lot- is a lot surrounded on each side by other lots.
Through lot- is a lot having frontage on two public streets or highways.
Corner lot-is a lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting on a corner of two
streets.
Open lot- is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways.
Percentage of Lot Occupancy:
1. Every building, except those especially mentioned in the building ordinance,
shall be limited in its occupancy.
Limitation of Lot Occupancy:
1. To secure natural light and ventilation
2. For better fire protection

87
Limits of Lot Occupancy:
1. Domestic building on inside lot - 70%
2. Domestic building on corner lot- 90%
3. Non-Domestic building on inside lot - 90%
4. Non-domestic building on corner lot- 95%
Measurement of Lot Occupancy:
1. Measurement of lot occupancy shall be taken at ground level
2. Items not included in measurements:
2.1 Court
2.2 Yard
2.3 Light well
(Light Well - same as close court only, it has no passages it is used only for
illumination and ventilation. Doors are used only for maintenance.)
Open Court Close Court
Lot plotting:
Protractor is an instrument graduated in angular degrees for measuring and
laying out angles.

88
Procedures in lot plotting:
1. NORTH is always to be pointed vertical up with respect to the paper.
2. Bearing is read, plotted and marked off directly as, due NORTH, due SOUTH,
due WEST, or due EAST
3. Plotting starts with point 1 and ends with point 1
4. Compass axes North-South and West-East are zeroed in each point and
bearing marked off.
Drafting practices in lot plotting:
1. All drawings and labels are inked.
2. Use only standard plotting paper if submitted as part of Contract Document.
3. Lot points are represented by small circle and point no. indicated near it within
the lot whenever possible.
4. Bearing and Magnitude are centered to lot line and within the lot whenever
possible.
NOTE: Bearing and Magnitude must be written and readable from South West
quadrant.
5. Lot No. and Block No. are written at the center of lot.
6. Subdivision streets are indicated as Street Lot No. ____. It is directly centered
and parallel to respective streets.

89
7. Scale is indicated under the NORTH symbol for non-documentary work and
proper position for documentary Plotting Paper.
Directions: Following the given diagram. Mark-off the given sample bearings using
the protractor and a ruler, apply the procedures in lot plotting.
Bearing Magnitude: (Use scale dimension: 1 cm. = 1 m.)
1. E 25 degrees 45 minute N, 10 m.
2. W 10 degrees 30 minute S, 15 m.
3. N 18 degrees 15 minute E, 8 m.
4. S 7 degrees 20 minute W, 20 m.

90
Direction:Draw the following bearing magnitude with corresponding distance using
ruler and protractor. Scale: 1cm.=1m.
a. N 15°30’ E, 7m
b. E 48°40’ S, 11m
c. W 25°20’ N, 7m
d. S 49°50’ W, 9m
e. Start at point 1, N15 degrees 30’ E, 7m., point 2, E 15 degrees 25’
S, 9m, point 3, S 45 degrees 36’ W, 8m., point 4 connect to point
1. Get the measurement and bearing magnitude of points 1-4.
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
_____ 1. This is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways.
a. corner lot b. insidelot c. open lot d. through lot
_____ 2. The type of lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting on a corner of two
streets.
_____ 3. This is a graduated instrument in angular degrees for measuring angles.
_____ 4. This type of lot having frontage of two public streets or highways.
_____ 5. Thisdirection is always to be pointed vertical up with respect to the paper.
a. East b. North c. South d. West
_____ 6. This is a type of lot where it is surrounded by other lots.
a. cornerlot b. inside lot c. open lot d. through lot
Directions: Draw Site Development Plan. Observe the following requirements.

91
1. Draw the lot area using the given dimensions.
1.1 Given: 12.25 m. x 16.75 m.
1.2 Bearing magnitude:
a. Point 1, N 35 degrees 40 minute E, 12.25 m., point 2, S 60 degrees
25 minutes W, 16.75 m., point 3, W 35 degrees 40 minutes S, 12.25
m., point 4 connect to point 1.
1.3 Scale: 1: 100m.
2. Points to considered when plotting:
2.1 Lot points are represented by small circle and point no. indicated within
the lot whenever possible.
2.2 Locate lot center. Analyze the lot shapes, streets, adjacent lots and
consider the lot plan guides when designing areas of occupancy.
2.3 Plan and measure the setbacks of all corners of the lot plan. Observe
Architectural Standards.
2.4 Draw and finalized design of occupancy plan.
2.5Draw the desired roof type on the occupancy plan.
2.6Indicate all symbols required in the plot plan.
2.7Indicate the perimeter dimensions including compass direction.
2.8Indicate the necessary utility line to be shown in the plot plan.
2.9Letter all the labels required.
2.10 Indicate the scale used.
2.11 Finalize the drawing.
Note: Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria below. The
teacher will assigned the percentage accordingly:
1. Accuracy of:
a. lines used
b. scaled measurements
c. notations and specifications

92
2. Work Values:
a. work attitude/behavior
b. safe work habits
c. housekeeping and maintenance
d. time management
How did you find given activities? Are they challenging? Now after knowing all
the theories, concepts and practices in the preparation of site development plan, you
are going to assess yourself how far is your understanding about the topic. Perform
the activity below to measure if you already acquired the needed skills by performing
the given assessment. Good luck!!
You are now going to prove yourself how much learning you had acquired.
This is also to test your skills in precise measurements and perseverance…Go!
Suggested Activity
Directions:Draw the site of a given survey lot below. Use appropriate drawing tools
and materials.
Given:Start from point no. 1, N 440 33’E’, 197.38m., from point 1., S790 00’W;
6.55 m. point 2, from 2, N 100 21’ W; 17.04m. point 3, from point 3, N780
25’ E; 6.51 m. point 4, point 4, S 100 30’ E; 17.11 m. point 5. Get the
measurement and bearing magnitude of points 1 - 5. Use scale 1 : 100 m.
Note: Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria below. The
teacher will assign the percentage accordingly:
1. Accuracy of:
a. lines used
b. scaled measurements
c. notations and specifications
2. Work Values:
a. work attitude/behavior

93
b. safe work habits
c. housekeeping and maintenance
d. time management
Congratulations! You have done a great job!
Well, how did you fare in this activity? If you lost track, then you may always
go back to the previous lessonsor you may do some researching. If you pass, then
congratulations. You may proceed with the next topic.
Lesson 4. Draft Floor Plan
This lesson is designed to help you draft sample floor plans that follow a given
architectural design standards and requirements.
Skills Assessment
presented.
Skills in Drafting Floor Plans Not Much A little A lot
I can draw walls, windows, doors, fixtures and fittings
according to architectural design standards.
I can draw grid and dimension lines according to
architectural design standards.
I know how to use metric scale system according to
the magnitude of the plan.
I can identify sizes of doors, walls and rooms following
the schedule.
I know to indicate letterings and labels according to the
drafting standards.

94
Technical Terms Encountered In Drafting Floor Plans
Bathroom- is where the toilet and tub or shower are separated for easy installation
of pipes.
Bedroom- is a room for sleeping and for taking a rest.
Carport- is a garage consists of a free-standing roof completely separated from the
house, or it may be built against the existing walls of the house with one or more of
the exterior walls removed.
Garage- is an enclosed structure designed primarily to shelter an automobile.
Kitchen- is the place where foods are prepared.
Livingroom- is the center of the living area in most homes.
Main Entrance- provides access to the house. It is the one through which guests are
welcomed. It provides shelter to anyone awaiting entrance.
Service Entrance- provides access to the house through which supplies can be
delivered to the service areas.
Floor Plan
Floor plan is the top cross-sectional view of the floor area of a house. The
horizontal cutting plane line for this top view passes between the upper and lower
window sills or one meter above the floor line. It shows the size and arrangement of
the rooms. It also presents the sizes and locations of the stairs, door and windows
openings, and partitions and walls. Sometimes it includes the kind of furnishings in
each room. However, the materials required for constructing permanent or integral
parts of each room such as bedroom closets, kitchen cabinets, etc., should also be
accounted for in the bill of materials.
Steps in Drawing Floor Plans
1. Layout the position of exterior and interior walls.Refer to Rule VIII of the New
National Building Code under the 2005 Implementing Rules & Regulations
(No. 7)
2. Add the thickness of the walls with a hard pencil (Don’t darken the walls at
this stage).
3. Locate the position of doors and windows by center line and by their width.

95
4. Darken the object lines with an F pencil.
5. Add door and window symbols with 2H pencil.
6. Add symbols for stairwells.
7. Erase extra heavy lines that can be perceive as object lines.
8. Draw the outline of the furniture and fixtures.
9. Add symbols for any masonry work such as planters if necessary.
10.Dimension the drawing.
Rules for Dimensioning Floor Plans
1. Architectural dimension lines are unbroken lines with dimension placed above
the lines. Arrowheads, dash, small circles and diagonal are used to denote
the termination of the dimension line. Arrowheads may also be placed
outside the extension lines when the area is too narrow or limited.
2. Dimensions should be placed to read from the right or from the bottom of the
drawing. The measurements should always be written above the dimension
lines.
3. Dimension lines are placed about 10 mm. apart. Overall dimensions of the
building are placed outside all other dimensions.
4. Rooms are dimensioned from the center line of partitions. In some cases,
they maybe dimensioned from wall to wall, exclusive of wall thickness.
5. In dimensioning stairs, the number of risers is placed on a line with an arrow
indicating the direction (up or down).
6. Architectural dimensions always refer to the actual size of the building
regardless of the scale of the drawing.
7. Never crowd dimensions. To free the plan of excessive dimensions, the sizes
of doors and windows are given in the door and window schedule.
8. Refrain from double entry dimensions and omit obvious dimensions.
Doors and Windows in Plan
1. Show normally swinging doors at 90 degrees opening.
2. Doors swing are shown with light lines and quarter symbols.
3. Door type is not illustrated in plan, only in elevation.
4. Windows type cannot be explained in plan except for width and location.
5. Show sill lines with a lighter line weight than walls, jambs and glass.

97
Area Planning
In developing any architectural design, the designer should progress logically
follow step by step the design process. One key step is to divide the functions of the
building into specific areas.
In multi-storey buildings, a separate floor plan is drawn for each floor level
when the layout of the room is not in each floor. However, when two or more floor
levels have the same arrangement and features, one typical floor plan representing
all the identical floors will suffice.
Three Major Functional Areas of a House
1. The Living Area
2. The Sleeping Area
3. The Service Area
Area/room requirements and pointers in planning:
Living Area. This is the center of the living area in most homes. It should be
centrally located and should be adjacent to the outside entrance and to the dining
area, but the entrance should not lead directly into the living room. This is the area of
the home that most strangers or visitors observe. As the name implies, it is here
where the family entertains, relaxes, listen to music, watches television, enjoy
hobbies, dines and participates in other recreational activities.
Recommended sizes should be at least 2.00m x 3.00 small, 3.70 m. x 5.50 m.
average or optimum size would be 6.10 x 7.90 m. in rectangular shape.

98
Sleeping Area. The primary function of the sleeping areais to provide facilities for
sleeping and taking rest of the family. The bedroomis usually located in a quite part
of the house. Ideal number of rooms for low cost housing should be two bedrooms,
master’s bedroom and bedroom. Preferably, there should be a toilet and bath in
master’s bedroom and a built-in cabinets or closets for dressing purposes.
Noise Control
Since noise contributes to fatigue, it is very important to plan minimize if not
totally eliminate noise in the sleeping area. The following guides might help you
design bedrooms that are quite and restful.
1. The bedroom should be placed in the most quite part of the house, away
from major street noise.
2. Carpeting or porous walls and ceiling panels help absorb noises.
3. Rooms above a bedroom should be carpeted.
4. Floor to ceiling draperies help reduce noise.
5. The use of double-glazed insulating glasses in windows and sliding doors
helps reduce outside noise.
6. The windows of an air-conditioned room should be kept closed during hot
weather.

99
Sample Bedroom
Service Area. The service area includes the kitchen, laundry, garage workshops
storage room and utility room. Since great number of activities takes place in the
service area, it should include facilities for the maintenance and serving the other
areas of the house. The function of the living and sleeping areas is greatly
dependent upon the efficiency of the service area.
Kitchenis the place where food is prepared.It is connected to the work triangle
area for storage and mixing center, preparation and cleaning center and cooking
center. There should be a storage hanging kitchen cabinet witha minimal width of
0.60 meter.
a. Function - The preparation of food is the basic function of the kitchen. It
may be used however as dining and as laundry area. The proper placement
of appliances, storage cabinets and furniture is important in planning to
eliminate wasted motion.
b. Location - Since the kitchen is the core of the service area, it should be
located near the service entrance and near the waste-disposal area. The
children’s play area should be visible from the kitchen and must be adjacent
to the dining area and outdoor eating areas.

100
Sample Kitchen
The Work Triangle
From the work sequences described above, it will be observe that there are
three activities which relate to three main appliances – the refrigerator, the sink and
the gas range or stove. The relationship of these three is commonly referred to as
the work triangle.
Types of kitchen:
A. U-Shaped Kitchen.

103
Dining Area. This is the area where greatly depend on eating habits of the
occupants. This should be located between the living room and kitchen. Its size and
shape are determined by the size of the family.

104
Sample Dining Area
Bathroom. Bathroom is where the toilet and tub or shower is located to save
economically in plumbing. As much as possible the toilet must be situated near the
kitchen. The bath and toilet must be near the bedrooms, accessible to the living
room even without passing through other rooms. The toilet and bath are generally
located between bedrooms. In a two-storey residential house, the bedrooms, toilet,
and bath are often located on the second floor. In this case, the stair must go up
from the living room or hall if there is any. The stair is generally L or U-shaped and
has a landing.
Bathroom Doors and Windows. Bathroom door could be small as 55-60 cm.
except for utility bathroom which requires not less than 70. cm. wide to allow
passage of equipment as required. In general, bathroom wall contains only one door.

105
Entrances. Entrance is divided into several different types; the main
entrance,theserviceentrance, and the special- purpose entrance. The entrance is
composed of an outside waiting area like the porch, marquee or lanai and an
insidewaiting area like foyer or entrance hall. It provides for and controls the flow of
traffic into and out of a building.
The main entrance provides access to the house. It is the one through which
guests are welcomed and from which all major traffic patterns radiate. The main
entrance should be readily identifiable. It should provide shelter to anyone who is
waiting at the entrance.
The service entrance provides access to the house through which supplies
can be delivered to the service areas going through other parts of the house. It

106
should also provides access to parts of the service area like the garage, laundry or
workshop.
The special-purpose entrances and exits do not provide for outside traffic.
Instead they provide for movement from the inside living area of the house to the
outside living areas. A sliding door from the living area to the patio is a special-
purpose entrance. It is not an entrance through which street, drive, or sidewalk traffic
would have an access.
Garage and Carports
A garageis an enclosed structure designed primarily to shelter an automobile.
It maybe used for many secondary purposes – as a workshop, as a laundry, or for
storage space. It is usually attached to the house in some manner to provide a
sheltered entry.
A carport is a garage with one or more of the exterior walls removed. It may
consist of a free-standing roof completely separate from the house, or it may be built
against the existing walls of the house.

107
A. Directions:Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the answer and write
it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A part of the house where sometimes used for eating and relaxing.
a. porch b. living area c. bedroom d. dining area
2.It provides for and controls the flow of traffic into and out of a building.
a. special purpose exit b. door c. entrance d. exit door
3.This room is generally located between the bedrooms.
a. bathroom b. dining area c. kitchen d. foyer
4.This has an access to kitchen and living room.
a. bathroom b. dirty kitchen c. dining hall d. dining area
B. Essay.
1. Explain the significance of "kitchen work triangle" in designing a kitchen.

108
2. Can toilet and bath be considered as sleeping area?
Use of Appropriate Scale in Drawing a Floor Plan
Drafting Scales
The architectural draftsman normally uses an architect’s scale for reducing
and enlarging the size or measurement of an object. There are two system of
measurement, namely, Metric system and English system.
Sample Metric Scale

109
Architectural Use of Metric System
Always remember that the smallest the number used in metric scale, the bigger
the size in the triangular scale, whereas, the largest the number used, the smallest
size of actual measurement.
1:05 m. 1: 100 m.
1:10 m. 1: 200 m.
1:20 m. 1: 300 m.
1: 30 m. 1: 400 m.
1: 40 m. 1: 500 m.
1: 50 m. 1: 600 m.
1:75 m. 1:1000m.
Note: The scale of 1:1000 m. or more is being used in Lot Plan and other
topographical drawings.
Full size scale
The 1:1 is a full size scale and each division measures 1 mm. in width with the
numbering of the calibrations at 10mm intervals. This same scale is convenient
forratios of 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000
Half size Scale
The 1:2 is one-half size scale and each division is equals to 2 mm. with the
calibration numbering at 20-unit intervals. In addition, this scale is convenient for
ratios of 1:20, 1:200, and 1:2000.
Architectural Use of metric Scale
USE RATIO COMPARISON TO 1 METER
CITY MAP
1:2500
1:1250
0.4 mm. equals to 1 M.
PLAT PLANS
1:500
1:200
12 mm. equals to 1 M.
PLOT PLANS
1:100
1: 80
12.5 mm. equals to 1M.
FLOOR PLANS
1:75
1:50
1:40
25 mm. equals to 1M.
DETAILS
1:20
1:10
1:5
50 mm. equals to 1M.

110
A. Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. It is the appropriate scale for plot plan.
a. 1:2500 and 1:1250 c. 1: 5, 1:10, 1:20
b. 1:75,1:50,1:40 d. 1 :100, 1:80
2. Its equivalent is ten millimeters in metric figures.
a. 0.0010 b. 0.010 c. 0.100 d. 0.10
3. It is equal to one hundred centimeters.
a. 0.100 b. 0.0100c. 1.00 d. 10.0
4. It is also equivalent to one half kilometer.
a. 1,000 meters c. 500 meters
b. 50 meters d. 500 decimeters
5. It is a kind of scale equivalent to 1:1.
a. half scale c. metric scale
b. full scale d. none of the above
B. Direction:Convert the following group of words/phrase into metric figures.
1. One meter and five centimeters ________________
2. Ten meters and two decimeters ________________
3. Ninety centimeters ________________
4. Seventy five centimeters ________________
5. One kilometer ________________
After gaining knowledge on the appropriate use of scale in drawing,it is
important for you to know about some architectural drafting design standards, so
brace yourself for this new experience.

111
Architectural Drafting Design Standards
Legal provisions:
• Section 806 of the National Building Code (NBC). Size and Dimension of
Rooms:
a. Room for human habitations should be 6.00 square meters with at least a
dimension of 2.00 meters.
b. Kitchens should be 3.00 square meters with at least a dimension of 1.50
meters.
c. Bath & Toilet – 1.20 square meters with at least dimension of 0.90 meters.
• Section 1207. Stairs, Exit, and Occupant Loads.
Width and Height.Every required exit doorway shall have a size to permit the
installation of a door not less than 900 mm./90 cm. in width and not less than
2.00 meters in height.
Stairways width. Stairway serving an occupant load of more than 50 shall
not be less than 1.10 meters. While stairway serving an occupant load of 50
or less shall be 900 millimeters wide.
Rise and run. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed 200
millimeters and the run shall not be less than 250 millimeters.
 Other guidelines must be observed in the arrangement of rooms in
drawing floor plan:
1. Built-in cabinets or closets are usually found in the bedrooms, kitchen, and
dining room. Open shelves may be constructed in the kitchen and dining
room.
2. In some one-storey houses, the bedrooms toilet, and bath are elevated
from the other rooms. In this case, the stairs leading to these rooms must be
indicated on the floor plan. Two or three steps, each has 18 cm. or 19 cm.
high from each other and 25 cm wide, may be shown in the plan. All these
measurements must be drawn to scale.

112
3. Since most of the time is spent by the members of a family in the
bedrooms at home, these rooms must be located far from noise, dust,
and polluted air coming from garbage pits or from the kitchens and toilets
of the neighboring houses.
4. If furniture and house appliances are to be shown in each room, these
furnishings should be drawn on the same scale in the floor plan.
5. If the floor plan will be traced on tracing paper in order to indicate the
electrical or water connections, these furnishings should not be shown on
the tracing.
6. In presentation drawings, the landscaping around the floor plan may be
added.
7. It is on the floor plan where the cutting plane lines for at least two full-
sectional elevations (cross and longitudinal) are indicated. These
sectional elevations are usually labeled as Section A-A and Section B-B,
depending on the capital letter used at the extremities of the cutting plane
lines. These cutting plane lines need not be continuous or straight. They
are often drawn in colored ink. ( see illustration)
8. Window and Door symbols should be indicated in the outer walls of the
floor plan opposite to door and window openings to determine the total
number and specification.
Entrance and Exit. There shall be at least one entrance and another one for
exit. Windows opening should be 10% of the total floor square area according to the
National Building Code.
Example:
Bedroom size of 3.00m. x 4.00 m. = 12 square meters x 10% = 1.20m.
window width opening.
Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) for Walling and Partitions
Sizes:
• CHB - 0.10 T x 0.40 W. x 0.20 H. (4” T x 16”W x 8”H) is used for interior
walls or sometimes exterior wall with no heavy loads.
• CHB - 0.15 x 0.20 x 0.40 (6” x 8” x 16”) is used for exterior wall sometimes
forinterior wall.

113
• Plastering of CHB wall should not be less than 0.015 mm. or not more than
to 0.05 cm in thickness.
Note:
In lay outing floor plan walls, it should be scaled with same sizes of all actual
materials to be used. If the occupancy wants to use 0.10 x 0.20 x 0.40 CHB plus
plastering of 0.015 mm thickness on both side walls, the total thickness of the wall is
0.13 cm. On the other hand, intends to use 0.15 x 0.20 x 0.40 CHB plus plastering of
0.015 mm thickness on both sides a total average is 0.018 cm. since it is very hard
to layout the accurate scale of 0.18 wall thickness, so most draftsman prefer to use
0.20 cm. wall in lay outing floor plan.
Wall openings:
Entrance door- is preferably with 0.90 cm. to 1.00 m. width.
Bedroom door- has a minimum width of 0.80 cm.
Toilet and Bath door- have a minimum width of 0.70 cm. to 0.80 cm.
Minimal width of windows- is preferably 0.60 cm. (Please refer to Schedule of
Doors and Windows).
A. Direction:Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. It is the standard thickness of wall in meter using 4” x 16” x 8” CHB .
a. 0. 20 m.b. 0.10 m. c. 0.18 m. d. 0.13 m.
2. Standard thickness of wall in meter using 6” x 16” x 8” CHB.
a. 0. 20 m.b. 0.10 m. c. 0.20 m.d. 0.18 m.
3. It is the standard size of an entrance door opening.
a. 0.90 m. b. 0.80 m.c. 0.75 m. d. 1.00 m.
4. They are overhang roof lines in hidden lines form of floor plan.
a. dormer b. canopy c. eave line d. shed line

114
5. It is a minimum area of kitchen.
a. 4.00 sq.m. b. 3.00 sq.m. c. 5.00 sq.m. d. 7.00 sq.m.
B.Direction: Draw the symbols of the following:
Door/Window Symbol
6. Interior Door
7. Swinging Door
8. Double Door
9. Accordion Door
10. Bay Window

115
Directions: Draw a floorplan by following the steps and the given requirements and
specifications below.
1. Prepare the needed tools and materials.
2. Construct the wall thickness. Use 0.15cm. CHB for the major walls. Start from
the center of the wall.
3. Divide the floor area to other areas of the house. Use a 10 cm interior wall
partitions. Compute each area of the house, then check the total floor area.
4. Lay out the position of doors and windows by center line and by their widths
with a 4H pencil. The standard width of doors is 90-95 centimeters like the main
entrance door. While 80 centimeters for bedrooms and service doors and 0 .75
centimeters for toilet and bath doors.
5. Label each part of the floor plan. Draw the kitchen and apply the work triangle
principle in designing the kitchen. Draft the toilet and bath draw the fixtures
properly.
6. Lay-out extension lines. Use any dimension limits and lay out dimensions
legibly and never repeat dimensions.
7. Draw the schedule of doors and windows. Name the doors and windows by
sizes.
Finally, draw the roof line of the floor plan.
Note: Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria below. Your
teacher will determine the appropriate percentages across criteria.
 Accuracy of:
- lines
- scaled measurements
- notations and specifications
 Work values:
- work attitude/behavior
- safe work habits

116
- housekeeping and maintenance
- time management
How did you find doing the activity? It is challenging? At this point, you are
going to perform the given activity below to assess yourself of the acquired
knowledge and skills in floor planning based on the architectural drafting standards.
Keep trying!
Directions:Using the same operation, draw floor plan using the given
measurements below.
Given: A floor plan of 6.00 x 9.00 m. with two bedrooms. Use a scale of 1:100 m.
Use correct drafting tools for the right job.
Assessment Tool: Performance/Product Rubrics
Name: ______________________ Date: __________
Year & Section: _______________
Line Technique Application of (all)
various lines was
used according to
standards
At least 3-5 lines
were used not
according to
standards
More than 5 lines
were used not
according to
standards
Accuracy All measurements
and notations
needed were
accurately done
At least 3-5
measurements and
notations needed
were inaccurately
done
More than 5
measurements and
notations needed
were inaccurately
done
Layout/Proportion All drawings were
drawn
proportionately
and was layout
properly
Layout was good
but 1-2 drawing
were out of
proportion
More than 2
drawings were
drawn out of
proportion and
improperly layout
was neatly done,
no erasures nor
any smudges
Erasures/smudges
are observable on
the finished output
Finished output
has so many
erasures/
smudges present

117
Time Management Finish the task
ahead of the given
time/date
Finish the task on
the given time/date
Unable to finish the
task on the given
time/date
RATING SCALE:
Points earned Numerical Rating Descriptive Rating
21 - 25 91 - 100 Outstanding
16 - 20 86 - 90 Very Good
11- 15 81 - 85 Good
6 - 10 76 - 80 Fair
Congratulations! For those who passed. But for those who didn’t
make it. You still have time to do your research.Now this time you are going to
studyanother part of a house plan, the Roof Plan.. Have fun!
Lesson 5. Draft Roof Plans
This lesson is designed to help you prepare a layout of a good roof plan
design using the same floor plan in the preceding lessons.
Skills Assessment
presented.

118
Skills in Drafting Roof Plans Not Much A little A lot
I can indicate the dimensions of the roof plan based on
the floor plan.
I know how to draw roof plans according to drafting
standards.
I know how to use standard architectural symbols in
drafting roof plans.
I know how to layout drawings according to sheet
contents.
I can draw framing details of roof plans according to
architectural drafting standards.
TECHNICAL TERMS ENCOUNTERED IN DRAFTING ROOF PLANS
Angle- iron is a structural piece of rolled steel shaped to form a 900 angle.
Butterfly roof- is a roof with two sides sloping down toward the interior of the house.
Dome- is a hemispherical roof form.
Dormer- is a structure projecting from a sloping roof to accommodate a window.
Eave- is a part of a roof that projects over a wall.
Fascia- is a surface finish material used to cover another surface.
Flashing- is the material used for covering exposed places outside the building like
firewalls.
Flat roof- is a roof with a minimum pitch for drainage.
Gable- is the triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves.
Gable roof- is a roof that slopes from two sides only.
Galvanize- is a lead and zinc bath treatment to prevent rusting.
Gambrel roof- is a symmetrical roof with two different pitches or slopes on each
side.

119
Hip rafter- is the diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to form the
hip.
Hip roof- is a roof with four sloping sides.
Mansard roof- is a roof with two slopes on each sides with the lower slope much
steeper than the upper.
Overhang- is the horizontal distance that a roof projects beyond a wall.
Pitch- is the angle between the top plate and the ridge board. It is also referred to as
the rise over the run.
Purlin- is a horizontal structure member which hold rafters together.
Rafters- are structural members used to frame a roof.
Ridge- is the top edge of the roof where rafters meet.
Ridge cap- is a wood or metal cap used for roofing at the ridge.
Rise- is the vertical height of a roof.
Roll roofing- is a material of fiber and asphalt manufactured in rolls.
Shed roof- is a flat roof slanting in one direction.
Shingles- are thin pieces of wood or other materials that overlap each other in
covering a roof.
Truss- is a prefabricated triangular shaped unit used for supporting roof loads over
long spans.
Valley- is the internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof.
Valley rafter- is the diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two sloping roofs.

120
Roof
It is the external upper covering of a house or building. It shows the size,
shape and the type of materials that should be used in the roofing system.
Basic types of roofs:
There are different types of roofing system that are commonly used in the
building construction. The following are:
 Gable – most common, built with “common” rafters
 Hip – provides overhang on all four sides
 Gambrel – provides more space on the second floor
 Mansard – combination of Hip and Gambrel
 Shed – frequently used to attach one structure to another
Hip Roof Gable Roof Shed Roof
Saltbox Roof Gambrel Roof Gullwing Roof
Half-Hip Roof Mansard Roof Dormer Roof

121
1. Gable Roof - has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This type
of roof is used extensively on Philippines “bahaykubo” and raw houses in
subdivision. The pitch or angle of a gable roof varies from the high pitch roofs
found on chalet A-frame style buildings to the low pitch roofs found on most ranch
homes.
2. Hip Roofs - are used when eave-line protection is desired around the entire
perimeter of the building. Hip roofs are very popular in warm climates. They are
commonly used on Regency and French Provincial homes.
3. Flat Roofs- are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes. Slightly
heavier rafters are needed for flat roofs. Built-up asphalt construction is often
used on flat roofs.

122
4. Shed-Type Roofs- are higher at one end than the other. They may be used
effectively when two levels exist where additional light is needed.
5. Overhang - is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side of the
building perpendicular to the rafters direction. It should provide additional
protection from the sun and rain.

123
These five roofing system are commonly used in the construction sector.
However, there are other types of roofs that are rarely used in the construction.
Roof Plan
A roof plan is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object lines
indicating ridges, valleys, hips and openings. The roof plan is not a framing plan, but
a plan view of the roof. To develop a roof framing plan, a roof must be stripped of its
covering to expose the position of each structural member and each header. The
roof plan can be used as the basic outline for the roof framing plan. Below are
samples of blueprint drawings of roof plans, roof framing plan and other informative
drawings.
The roof plan indicates the following:
a. Roofing sheets are materials laid to cover the total area of roofing space
of the building.
b. Ridge roll is a plain G.I. sheet is usually laid at the center top of ridge of
the building.
c. Ridge cap is the material used when the roofing system is in the form of
hip roof.

124
d. Eaves line or gutter line is shown in the form of imaginary line to indicate
the gutter line.
Different Types of Roofing Sheets:
1. Corrugated G.I Sheet
2. 4-V Corrugated Sheet
3. Ardex Corrugated Sheet
4. Kanalelas Corrugated Sheet.
5. Steel Bricks
6. Color bond Custom Orb

125
SAMPLE ROOFING MATERIALS AND ITS SIZE
Types of Roofing Sheets

126
Sample of Roofing Materials Showing Width and Length
Roof Framing Plans
The following are the types of roof frame and the important elements that you
must be familiar in the roof framing plan. Each of these elements can be better
understood as you go on to the discussion particularly in the presentation of sample
illustrations in the preceding pages.
Types of roof frame:
 Rafter Type
 Truss Type
Rafter Type
 Common Rafter – extended at right angles from the plate or girts to the ridge.
 Hip Rafter – laid diagonally from the corner of the plate or girts to the ridge.

127
 Valley Rafter – placed diagonally from the plate or girts at the intersection of
gable extension with the main roof.
 Jack Rafter –any rafter which does not extend from the plate or girts to the
ridge.
 Hip Jack – framed between hip rafters and girts.
 Valley Jack – framed between the ridge and valley rafter.
 Cripple Jack – frame between the hip and the valley rafter.
 Octagonal Rafter – placed on an octagonal shaped plate at the central apex
or ridge pole.
Truss Type
 Is a built-up frame commonly employed on a long span roof unsupported by
intermediate columns and partitions.

128
 Is a design of a series of triangles used to distribute load, stiffen the structure
and flexibility for the interior spacing as well as strength and rigidity.
ROOF FRAMING SHOWING THE DIMENSION OF EACH MEMBER
Roof plan is the upper part of the building. This can be drawn through the
following steps (see the operating steps):
1. Given: A scaled floor plan.
2. Draw or trace the given scaled floor plan using hidden lines without doors and
windows.
3. From end line of the floor plan, lay out a standard 1.00 m. eave lines around the
floor plan.
4. From eave lines, extend a 0.20 m. lines for gutter width, and analyze how many
and where to indicate a 0.10 m. circular holes for downspout.
5. Select roof types required. From rectangular form of floor plan, get the center
and project a line along the eave lines.

129
6. If hip roof types will be used, project a 45 degree angle in all corners of eave
Linesintersecting the center line to create a hip roof. From drawn hip roof layout,
draw two lines at 0.10 m. width on both sides representing the ridge roll width.
7. Project a symbol (thin lines) for roof covering, indicate from the center of roof,
the word slopes indicating a perpendicular line with arrowheads.
8. Complete the working drawing by supplying the required dimensions with proper
dimensioning and labels, then finalize the drawing.
Note: Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria below.
Your teacher will determine the appropriate percentages across criteria.
 Accuracy of:
- lines
- scaled measurements
- notations and specifications
 Work values:
- work attitude/behavior
- safe work habits
- housekeeping and maintenance
- time management
Now, do this simple activity to find out how much you learn in drafting roof
plan. Check for your strength and weaknesses, this will help you in doing next
activities..
Directions:Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and write
it on a separate sheet of paper.
_____1. A horizontal structural member which hold the rafters together.
a. Rafter b. Purlins c. Rise d. Run
_____2. A prefabricated triangular shaped unit supporting the roof loads over long
spans.
a. Truss b. Shingles c. Rise d. Ridge
_____3. The top edge of the roof where rafters meet
a. Ridge b. Rafter c. Overhang d. Purlins
_____4. The angle between the top plate and the ridge board referred to as the rise
over the run.

130
a. Pitch b. Slope c. Valley d. Truss
_____5. A roof with four sloping sides.
a. Shed b. Hip c. Gable d. Mansard
_____6. The part of a roof that extends over the wall.
a. Overhang b. Eave c. Fascia d. Gutter
_____7. A surface finish material used to cover another surface.
a. Flashing b. Fascia c. Overhang d. Dormer
_____8.A flat roof slanting in one direction.
a. Gable b. Hip c. Dormer d. Shed
_____9. A diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to form a hip roof
Type.
a. Purlins b. Hip Rafters c. Truss d. Flashing
____10. The vertical height of a roof.
a. Rise b. Run c. Ridge d. Eave
Direction: Using the floor plan specified on page 45, draft a roof plan appropriate to
the given sizes and shapes.
Note:All sides must have an overhang of 1.50 meters.
Note: You can use the same evaluation instrument used in Summative Assessment
in Lesson 4 or your teacher will provide other assessment tool.
Lesson 6. Draft Ceiling Plan
This lesson is designed to enhance student to draw ceiling plans following the
standards of National Building Code of the Philippines. This will guide you to be
familiar to the different features of the ceiling plans.
Skills Assessment
familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot”, if you are already familiar with the skills.

131
Don’t feel bad if you checked “Not Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind that this is
being administered to determine your pre-entry knowledge of and skills on the lesson
to be presented.
Skills in Drafting Ceiling Plans Not Much A little A lot
I know how to draw vertical heights from finish floor
line to ceiling line according to architectural drafting
standards.
I know how to indicate lighting fixtures and fire
protection devices on the ceiling plan based on
architectural drafting standards.
Technical Terms Encountered in Drafting Ceiling Plans
Acoustic- is the science of sounds in housing, materials used to keep down noise
within a room or to prevent it from an overhead lining inside of a room.
Ceiling Joist- is the structural member in building construction that holds the ceiling
board.
Ceiling Board- is a ceiling covering materials.
Cornice- is a wood or any material project beyond the wall of the ceiling.
Fixtures- is a piece of electric or plumbing equipment which is a part of the
structure.
Gypsum Board- is a board made of plaster with covering of paper.
Hanger- is an iron or wood strap that is used to support a joist.
Insulation- is a material obstructing the passage of sound, heat, or cold from one
surface to another.
Lighting Fixtures- is the position or placement of lighting fixtures of the house.
Reflected Ceiling Plan- is a drawing of a room or building, looking down at the
interior ceiling.
Smoke Detectors- is a fire protection device that is used to detect smokeor gasses
produced by smoldering fires particles of combustion.

132
Soffit- is the undersurface of a cornice, molding, or beam.
Specification- is the written description accompanying the working drawing.
Sprinkler Systems- is a fire protection device that discharges water when the
effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has
been reached.
Ventilation- is the process of supplying and removing air by natural mechanical
means to or from any space.
The Importance and Purpose of Ceiling in the Building
Ceiling plan is an outline of the ceiling that shows the overhead interior
surface of a room.Ceiling is designed with the following purpose:
a. It prevents the penetration of the heat of the sun inside the building.
b. It adds beauty inside the building especially when it is well-designed.
c. It serves as thermal insulator that adds to the aesthetic beauty of a house.
d. Various lighting fixtures can be hanged or placed to highlight the interior
design of the structure.
Important features that are shown in the ceiling plan:
Ceiling plan can be shown into two presentations:
1.Ordinary presentation of ceiling plan. This shows the following:
1. Ceiling board
2. Partitions
3. Ventilation
4. Label which indicates the type of ceiling materials
5. Dimensions

133
2. Reflected ceiling plan. It is a drawing, which shows the items that are
located on the ceiling of a room or space. It is referred to as a reflected
ceiling plan since it is drawn to display a view of the ceiling as if it was
reflected onto a mirror on the floor. This way the reflected ceiling plan has
the same orientation as the floor plan associated with it.
The following features that are shown in the reflected ceiling plan:
1. Lighting fixtures
2. Ventilation
3. Smoke detector
4. Wood moulding
5. Ceiling board
Important considerations in ceiling plan:
There are many design elements to consider in designing the ceiling plan:
1. Consider the distance from floor line to ceiling line level.

134
2. Study the 3-D aspects of volumes and space.
3. Consider using unexpected materials or finishes.
4. Consider the light reflection and sound absorption.
In accordance with the National Building Code of the Philippines (PD
1096) Section 805: Ceiling Heights:
a. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have ceiling heights not
less than 2.40 meters. which is measured from the floor to the ceiling;
provided that for buildings of more than one-storey, the minimum ceiling
height of the first storey shall be 2.70 meters. And that for the second
storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storey shall have an unobstructed
typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the
finished floor.
b. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height of not less than
1.80meters above and below it.

Module 3 module 1 architecural layout & details

Module 3 module 1 architecural layout & details

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Ähnlich wie Module 3 module 1 architecural layout & details

Ähnlich wie Module 3 module 1 architecural layout & details (20)

Mehr von Gilbert Bautista

Mehr von Gilbert Bautista (8)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Module 3 module 1 architecural layout & details