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GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS:
A COMPARISON OF LEED AND CHINA’S 3 STAR
                 Presented by
         Gunnar Hubbard, AIA, LEED AP
                Fore Solutions
    Consultants for High Performance Green Buildings
                     Portland, Maine
                         USA




       www.fore-solutions.com
                   March 24, 2009
                                                       1
Why Use Green Rating Systems?

“Green Design” is a temporary term.

It’s not an END, it’s a MEANS. . .
a transition to a higher level of
design – integrated design

Rating Systems function as the “training
wheels” for market transformation -to help
support us in a fundamental shift of
thinking



  Credit: US Green Building Council          2
800
                                                                      BUILDINGS



                                        600


                                                                  TRANSPORTATION


                                        400
        Million Metric Tons of Carbon




                                                                      INDUSTRY
                                        200




                                              CO2 - Buildings vs. Transportation and Industry
                                         0

                                                1960                      1980                  2000



Green Building, LEED, & The Design Team
March 2009
Goal of Green Building
  Environmental




  Climate change   Fuel depletion   Waste generation
                                                                            Environmental
  Economic




                                                                      Economic             Social
  Employment       Productivity     Best value



  Social



                                                        Social              Economic                Environmental
                                                        Cultural identity   Growth                  Ecosystem integrity
                                                        Empowerment         Development             Carrying capacity
                                                        Accessibility       Productivity            Biodiversity
                                                        Stability           Trickle-down
  Security         Amenity          Public transport

Credit: KPF                                             CITY                WORKPLACE               ENVIRONMENT


  Green Building, LEED, & The Design Team
  March 2009
Goal of Rating ALL Rating Systems
is Market Transformation
                                     Market
                                      Shift
       5%                 70%                 20%     5%




   Sub-               Typical           Green       Green
   standard           building          building    building
   performance        practices         market      innovators
                                        leaders
  Current Market =
    Market Shift =

          Credit: US Green Building Council                      5
Credit: US Green Building Council   6
Value of Green Building Rating Systems



•  Indicates Efficiency and Effectiveness
•  Demonstrates Environmental Commitment
•  Promotes Market Transformation




                                            7
Value of Green Building Rating Systems

•  Formal Recognition

•  Prevents “greenwashing”



                             •  Third Party Verification/
                             Certification of Performance

                             •  Tool for Governments



                                                            8
Value of Green Building Rating Systems

•    Provide a consistent
     “meterstick” for
     evaluation
•    Benchmark &
     Comparison Across
     Buildings

                            •    Quantifiable goals &
                                 achievements
                            •    Defines “Green/High
                                 Performance
                                 Buildings”

                                                        9
International Rating Systems




                               10
                                10
International Rating Systems




                               11
                                11
International Rating Systems




                               12
                                12
International Rating Systems


           A Quick History




                               13
                                13
International Rating Systems
      LEED            BREEAM         Energy             CASBEE          Green Globes          Three Star
                                        Star                                   US
                     Management    Management                         Project Management   Operations
                                                                                                Management
Energy and           Energy        Energy        Energy               Energy               Energy Saving
     Atmosphere
                                   Emissions
Sustainable sites    Land use      Land use      Site                 Site                 Land Saving
                     Transport     Transport
                     Ecology

Water Efficiency     Water         Water                              Water                Water Savings
Indoor Air Quality   Pollution     IEQ           Indoor               Indoor Environment   Quality of indoor
                                                      Environment                                Environment
                                                      al Quality
                     Health and
                           Well-
                           being
Materials and        Materials     Materials     Resource and         Resource and solid   Material Savings
     Resources                                        materials and        waste
                                                      water
                                                      conservation
Innovations                        Innovations



                                                                                                              14
                                                                                                               14
The US Green Building Council




    www.gbci.org   www.usgbc.org

Source: USGBC
                                   15
What is
the LEED                 Scores are tallied for
                         different aspects of
System?                  efficiency and design
                         in appropriate
                         categories.

      LEADERSHIP in
      ENERGY and         For instance, LEED
                         assesses in detail:
      ENVIRONMENTAL
      DESIGN
                         1. Site Planning
                         2. Water Management
      A leading-edge
                         3. Energy Management
      system for         4. Material Use
      certifying         5. Indoor
      DESIGN,               Environmental
      CONSTRUCTION,         Air Quality
      & OPERATIONS       6. Innovation &
                            Design Process
      of the greenest
      buildings in the
      world
                                                  16
                                         Test
17
Credit: US Green Building Council
18
LEED NC 2.2 Credits and Prerequisites
LEED Credit Categories             Points   Prerequisites
SS: Sustainable Sites              14         1
WE: Water efficiency               5          0
EA: Energy and Atmosphere          17         3
MR: Materials and Resources        13         1
EQ: Indoor Environmental Quality   15         2

ID: Innovation in Design           5          0

TOTAL Points Available             69




                                                            19
LEED 2009
Levels of Certification
                  LEED NC            LEED 2009

 Certified        26-32 points       40-49 points

 Silver           33-38 points       50-59 points

 Gold             39-51 points       60-79 points

 Platinum         52 + points        80 - 110 points

 Total Possible 69 points            110 points


 Credit: US Green Building Council                     20
Certification Process
             LEED for New Construction

             Assessment of Value
             Set Goals
             Determine Preliminary LEED Score
             Register Project
             Determine Green Building Practices
             Begin Documentation Process
                                                                              Certification
Start



                        Design                    Construction

                 Assemble Design Phase                     Assemble Documentation
                           Documentation
                                                              Submit Documentation
                  Submit Documentation
                                                  USGBC Construction Phase Review
           USGBC Design Phase Review
                                                     Credits “Achieved” or “Denied”
        Credits “Anticipated” or “Denied”



            Credit: US Green Building Council                                                 21
Point of Interest: LEED Projects in Asia
                      Taiwan
                  Hong Kong
 East Asia


                       China
                 South Korea
                       Japan

                  Philippines
Southeast Asia




                    Thailand
                  Singapore
                    Malaysia
                     Vietnam
                   Indonesia
                                                                         REG
South Asia




                                                                         CERTIFIED
                    Sri Lanka
                     Pakistan
                         India

                        Israel
                      Kuwait
                       Oman
West Asia




                 Saudi Arabia
                        Qatar
                     Bahrain
                         UAE

                                 0   100   200   300   400   500   600




                                                                                     22
                                                                                      22
Three Star - CHINA
(Ministry of Construction Green Building Evaluation
Standards)

   “Purpose is to create a voluntary
   rating system that will encourage
          green development.”




                                                      23
Three Star
•  Like LEED: Credit based

•  Developers can choose which standards to pursue
    •  2 tracks:
        •  Residential Buildings,
        •  Public Buildings

•  Rating happens after one year of occupancy

•  Developed in 2006, Implemented 2007, First Buildings
   Received Rating in 2008.

•  Run by MoC (now MOHURD)



                                                     24
Three Star

•  Prerequisites = “Control Items”

•  Credits = “General Items”

•  Six thematic categories

•  “Preference Items” are strategic, harder to
   reach targets

•  Three levels of rating = One, Two and Three
   Stars


                                                 25
Three Star
Green Building Rating Systems
(as of early 2009)

•  Three Star
    •  Many registered
    •  8 certified
    •  4 at Three Star level

•  LEED
    •  161 registered
    •  12 certified



                                26
3 Star & LEED Credit Distribution

              Category                       3 Star   LEED NC 2.2

              Sustainable Site                 9         14+1

              Water Efficiency                 7          5

              Energy & Atmosphere             14         17+3

              Materials & Resources           10         13+1

              Indoor Environmental Quality     9         15+2

              Operations & Maintenance         8

              Innovation                                  5

              Total                           57          69

Credit: Maunsell|AECOM

                                                                    27
                                                                     27
3 Star & LEED NC 2.2 - Levels of Certification




     3 Star                                           Platinum

                                                      Gold
     2 Star
                                                      Silver

     1 Star                                           Certified




Credit: Maunsell|AECOM

                                                                  28
                                                                   28
3 Star & LEED: Prerequisites
              Category                       3 Star   LEED NC 2.2
              Sustainable Site                 5          1
              Water Efficiency                 5          0
              Energy & Atmosphere              5       3 (plus 2
                                                       Optimized
                                                        Energy)
              Materials & Resources            2          1
              Indoor Environmental Quality     6          2
              Operations & Maintenance         3
              Innovation
              Total                           26          7

Credit: Maunsell|AECOM

                                                                    29
                                                                     29
3 Star & LEED: Reference Codes

              Category                       3 Star   LEED NC 2.2

              Sustainable Site                 8          11

              Water Efficiency                 5          1

              Energy & Atmosphere              5          5

              Materials & Resources           10          2

              Indoor Environmental Quality     9          12

              Operations & Maintenance         3

              Innovation

              Total                           40          31

Credit: Maunsell|AECOM

                                                                    30
                                                                     30
Three Star/LEED - SITE
Sustainable Sites (LEED)
Land Saving and Outdoor Environment (Three Star)
• Overlap in most areas, except

• LEED includes incentives for Alternative Transportation

• Three Star includes credits for:
     •  Reducing environmental noise

    •  Paying attention to wind environment




                                                            31
Three Star /LEED - WATER
Water Efficiency (LEED)
Water Saving and Water Resource Utilization
(Three Star)
• All LEED areas covered by Three Star

• Three Star also includes credits for:
     •  Including water systems planning
     in early design

    •  Avoiding pipe leakage

    •  Monitoring safety of nontraditional
    water sources

    •  Efficient use of reclaimed water


                                              32
Three Star /LEED - ENERGY
Energy and Atmosphere (LEED)
Energy Saving and Energy Utilization (Three
Star)
• LEED credits not in Three Star :
     •  Commissioning
     •  Refrigerant Management


• Three Star credits not in LEED:
     •  No use of electric boiler/water heater
     for heating or cooling
     •  Standard for air tightness of windows




                                                 33
Three Star /LEED - MATERIALS
Materials & Resources (LEED)
Material Saving and Material Resource Utilization
(Three Star)
•  LEED credits not in Three Star
     • Collection and storage of recyclables
     • Rapidly renewable materials
     • Certified wood

 • Three Star credits not in LEED
      • Methods for increasing efficiency in
      concrete
      • Adopting an efficient structural
      system
      • Specific thresholds for harmful
      substances in materials
      • Encourages use of flexible partitions

                                                    34
Three Star /LEED – INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
Indoor Environmental Quality (LEED)
Quality of Indoor Environment (Three Star)

•  LEED credits not in Three Star
     • Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
     • Low-Emitting Materials
     • Thermal Comfort - Verification


                   • Three Star credits not in LEED (partial)
                        • Noise reduction measures
                        • Air contaminant concentration
                        standard
                        • Max. temperature of room allowed
                        under natural ventilation
                        • Sound insulation requirements


                                                                35
Three Star /LEED – Operations Management
Not included in LEED NC, closest to LEED EB:OM

•  Goals:
     • Establish and implement energy savings, water savings,
     and other energy saving policies as well as green
     management policies
     • Relate improved performance to resource savings and
     economic benefits




                                                                36
WHO ADMINISTERS EACH RATING SYSTEM?
  LEED
  –  LEED ACCREDITED PROFESSIONALS HELP
     ADMINISTER THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
     SUBMITTAL
  –  A “UNKNOWN” 3RD PARTY EVALUATES THE LEED
     DOCUMENTATION
  3 STAR
  –  MOHURD IN EACH PROVINCE CERTIFIES FOR 1 STAR
     AND 2 STAR
  –  BEIJING OFFICE OF MOHURD ONLY GIVES 3 STAR.




                                                37
                                                 37
Closing Discussion Point
“The path to finding solutions is to bring together the finest, most
 passionate minds to work on the problem in a coordinated effort.”
                 - Steve Chu, Secretary of Energy




                                                                       38
                                                                        38
THANK YOU!




              39

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Gunnar Hubbard- LEED vs Three Star Green Building Rating Systems

  • 1. GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON OF LEED AND CHINA’S 3 STAR Presented by Gunnar Hubbard, AIA, LEED AP Fore Solutions Consultants for High Performance Green Buildings Portland, Maine USA www.fore-solutions.com March 24, 2009 1
  • 2. Why Use Green Rating Systems? “Green Design” is a temporary term. It’s not an END, it’s a MEANS. . . a transition to a higher level of design – integrated design Rating Systems function as the “training wheels” for market transformation -to help support us in a fundamental shift of thinking Credit: US Green Building Council 2
  • 3. 800 BUILDINGS 600 TRANSPORTATION 400 Million Metric Tons of Carbon INDUSTRY 200 CO2 - Buildings vs. Transportation and Industry 0 1960 1980 2000 Green Building, LEED, & The Design Team March 2009
  • 4. Goal of Green Building Environmental Climate change Fuel depletion Waste generation Environmental Economic Economic Social Employment Productivity Best value Social Social Economic Environmental Cultural identity Growth Ecosystem integrity Empowerment Development Carrying capacity Accessibility Productivity Biodiversity Stability Trickle-down Security Amenity Public transport Credit: KPF CITY WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT Green Building, LEED, & The Design Team March 2009
  • 5. Goal of Rating ALL Rating Systems is Market Transformation Market Shift 5% 70% 20% 5% Sub- Typical Green Green standard building building building performance practices market innovators leaders Current Market = Market Shift = Credit: US Green Building Council 5
  • 6. Credit: US Green Building Council 6
  • 7. Value of Green Building Rating Systems •  Indicates Efficiency and Effectiveness •  Demonstrates Environmental Commitment •  Promotes Market Transformation 7
  • 8. Value of Green Building Rating Systems •  Formal Recognition •  Prevents “greenwashing” •  Third Party Verification/ Certification of Performance •  Tool for Governments 8
  • 9. Value of Green Building Rating Systems •  Provide a consistent “meterstick” for evaluation •  Benchmark & Comparison Across Buildings •  Quantifiable goals & achievements •  Defines “Green/High Performance Buildings” 9
  • 13. International Rating Systems A Quick History 13 13
  • 14. International Rating Systems LEED BREEAM Energy CASBEE Green Globes Three Star Star US Management Management Project Management Operations Management Energy and Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Saving Atmosphere Emissions Sustainable sites Land use Land use Site Site Land Saving Transport Transport Ecology Water Efficiency Water Water Water Water Savings Indoor Air Quality Pollution IEQ Indoor Indoor Environment Quality of indoor Environment Environment al Quality Health and Well- being Materials and Materials Materials Resource and Resource and solid Material Savings Resources materials and waste water conservation Innovations Innovations 14 14
  • 15. The US Green Building Council www.gbci.org www.usgbc.org Source: USGBC 15
  • 16. What is the LEED Scores are tallied for different aspects of System? efficiency and design in appropriate categories. LEADERSHIP in ENERGY and For instance, LEED assesses in detail: ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN 1. Site Planning 2. Water Management A leading-edge 3. Energy Management system for 4. Material Use certifying 5. Indoor DESIGN, Environmental CONSTRUCTION, Air Quality & OPERATIONS 6. Innovation & Design Process of the greenest buildings in the world 16 Test
  • 17. 17 Credit: US Green Building Council
  • 18. 18
  • 19. LEED NC 2.2 Credits and Prerequisites LEED Credit Categories Points Prerequisites SS: Sustainable Sites 14 1 WE: Water efficiency 5 0 EA: Energy and Atmosphere 17 3 MR: Materials and Resources 13 1 EQ: Indoor Environmental Quality 15 2 ID: Innovation in Design 5 0 TOTAL Points Available 69 19
  • 20. LEED 2009 Levels of Certification LEED NC LEED 2009 Certified 26-32 points 40-49 points Silver 33-38 points 50-59 points Gold 39-51 points 60-79 points Platinum 52 + points 80 - 110 points Total Possible 69 points 110 points Credit: US Green Building Council 20
  • 21. Certification Process LEED for New Construction Assessment of Value Set Goals Determine Preliminary LEED Score Register Project Determine Green Building Practices Begin Documentation Process Certification Start Design Construction Assemble Design Phase Assemble Documentation Documentation Submit Documentation Submit Documentation USGBC Construction Phase Review USGBC Design Phase Review Credits “Achieved” or “Denied” Credits “Anticipated” or “Denied” Credit: US Green Building Council 21
  • 22. Point of Interest: LEED Projects in Asia Taiwan Hong Kong East Asia China South Korea Japan Philippines Southeast Asia Thailand Singapore Malaysia Vietnam Indonesia REG South Asia CERTIFIED Sri Lanka Pakistan India Israel Kuwait Oman West Asia Saudi Arabia Qatar Bahrain UAE 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 22 22
  • 23. Three Star - CHINA (Ministry of Construction Green Building Evaluation Standards) “Purpose is to create a voluntary rating system that will encourage green development.” 23
  • 24. Three Star •  Like LEED: Credit based •  Developers can choose which standards to pursue •  2 tracks: •  Residential Buildings, •  Public Buildings •  Rating happens after one year of occupancy •  Developed in 2006, Implemented 2007, First Buildings Received Rating in 2008. •  Run by MoC (now MOHURD) 24
  • 25. Three Star •  Prerequisites = “Control Items” •  Credits = “General Items” •  Six thematic categories •  “Preference Items” are strategic, harder to reach targets •  Three levels of rating = One, Two and Three Stars 25
  • 26. Three Star Green Building Rating Systems (as of early 2009) •  Three Star •  Many registered •  8 certified •  4 at Three Star level •  LEED •  161 registered •  12 certified 26
  • 27. 3 Star & LEED Credit Distribution Category 3 Star LEED NC 2.2 Sustainable Site 9 14+1 Water Efficiency 7 5 Energy & Atmosphere 14 17+3 Materials & Resources 10 13+1 Indoor Environmental Quality 9 15+2 Operations & Maintenance 8 Innovation 5 Total 57 69 Credit: Maunsell|AECOM 27 27
  • 28. 3 Star & LEED NC 2.2 - Levels of Certification 3 Star Platinum Gold 2 Star Silver 1 Star Certified Credit: Maunsell|AECOM 28 28
  • 29. 3 Star & LEED: Prerequisites Category 3 Star LEED NC 2.2 Sustainable Site 5 1 Water Efficiency 5 0 Energy & Atmosphere 5 3 (plus 2 Optimized Energy) Materials & Resources 2 1 Indoor Environmental Quality 6 2 Operations & Maintenance 3 Innovation Total 26 7 Credit: Maunsell|AECOM 29 29
  • 30. 3 Star & LEED: Reference Codes Category 3 Star LEED NC 2.2 Sustainable Site 8 11 Water Efficiency 5 1 Energy & Atmosphere 5 5 Materials & Resources 10 2 Indoor Environmental Quality 9 12 Operations & Maintenance 3 Innovation Total 40 31 Credit: Maunsell|AECOM 30 30
  • 31. Three Star/LEED - SITE Sustainable Sites (LEED) Land Saving and Outdoor Environment (Three Star) • Overlap in most areas, except • LEED includes incentives for Alternative Transportation • Three Star includes credits for: •  Reducing environmental noise •  Paying attention to wind environment 31
  • 32. Three Star /LEED - WATER Water Efficiency (LEED) Water Saving and Water Resource Utilization (Three Star) • All LEED areas covered by Three Star • Three Star also includes credits for: •  Including water systems planning in early design •  Avoiding pipe leakage •  Monitoring safety of nontraditional water sources •  Efficient use of reclaimed water 32
  • 33. Three Star /LEED - ENERGY Energy and Atmosphere (LEED) Energy Saving and Energy Utilization (Three Star) • LEED credits not in Three Star : •  Commissioning •  Refrigerant Management • Three Star credits not in LEED: •  No use of electric boiler/water heater for heating or cooling •  Standard for air tightness of windows 33
  • 34. Three Star /LEED - MATERIALS Materials & Resources (LEED) Material Saving and Material Resource Utilization (Three Star) •  LEED credits not in Three Star • Collection and storage of recyclables • Rapidly renewable materials • Certified wood • Three Star credits not in LEED • Methods for increasing efficiency in concrete • Adopting an efficient structural system • Specific thresholds for harmful substances in materials • Encourages use of flexible partitions 34
  • 35. Three Star /LEED – INDOOR ENVIRONMENT Indoor Environmental Quality (LEED) Quality of Indoor Environment (Three Star) •  LEED credits not in Three Star • Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control • Low-Emitting Materials • Thermal Comfort - Verification • Three Star credits not in LEED (partial) • Noise reduction measures • Air contaminant concentration standard • Max. temperature of room allowed under natural ventilation • Sound insulation requirements 35
  • 36. Three Star /LEED – Operations Management Not included in LEED NC, closest to LEED EB:OM •  Goals: • Establish and implement energy savings, water savings, and other energy saving policies as well as green management policies • Relate improved performance to resource savings and economic benefits 36
  • 37. WHO ADMINISTERS EACH RATING SYSTEM?   LEED –  LEED ACCREDITED PROFESSIONALS HELP ADMINISTER THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SUBMITTAL –  A “UNKNOWN” 3RD PARTY EVALUATES THE LEED DOCUMENTATION   3 STAR –  MOHURD IN EACH PROVINCE CERTIFIES FOR 1 STAR AND 2 STAR –  BEIJING OFFICE OF MOHURD ONLY GIVES 3 STAR. 37 37
  • 38. Closing Discussion Point “The path to finding solutions is to bring together the finest, most passionate minds to work on the problem in a coordinated effort.” - Steve Chu, Secretary of Energy 38 38