Slideshow: Femur The Funky Professor videos can be viewed here; http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?videoTaxonomy=FUNK

1. The Femur

3. The Femur
A long bone
Divided into thirds

4. Proximal third –
closer to the head or cranial
end of the body

5. Proximal third –
closer to the head or cranial
end of the body
Middle third

6. Proximal third –
closer to the head or cranial
end of the body
Middle third
Distal third –
Towards the feet or caudal
end of the body

7. Anterior
View
Posterior
View
right femur

8. Features of Proximal Femur
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
right femur

9. Head of Femur
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
right femur

10. Head of Femur
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
Articulates with Pelvis at Hip Joint
right femur

11. Neck of Femur
Anterior
View
Posterior
View

12. Greater Trochanter
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
right femur

13. Greater Trochanter
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
Hip Joint Abductors attach Laterally and Anteriorly
right femur

14. Greater Trochanter
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
External Rotators of Hip Joint attach
Medially and Posteriorly
right femur

15. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Distal Femur
right femur

16. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Femoral Head
Distal Femur
right femur

17. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Femoral Neck
Femoral Head
Distal Femur
right femur

18. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Greater Trochanter
Femoral Neck
Femoral Head
Distal Femur
right femur

19. Lesser Trochanter
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
right femur

20. Lesser Trochanter
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
Hip Flexors attach here
right femur

21. Intertrochanteric Line
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
right femur

22. Intertrochanteric Line
Anterior
View
Hip Joint capsule attaches here
Anteriorly
Posterior
View
right femur

23. Intertrochanteric Crest
Anterior
View
Posterior
View
right femur

24. Proximal femur
medial view
right femur

25. The Fovea provides attachment for the
Ligamentum Teres
(ligament of the head of the femur)
This attaches to the acetabulum of the
pelvis and helps stabilise the hip joint
Proximal femur
medial view
right femur

26. Shaft of Femur

27. Shaft of Femur
Posterior view
right femur

28. Pectineal Line
Shaft of Femur
Posterior view
right femur

29. Shaft of Femur
Posterior view
Gluteal Tuberosity
right femur

30. Shaft of Femur
Posterior view
Linea Aspera
right femur

31. Medial Supracondylar Line (ridge)
right femur
Shaft of Femur
Posterior view

32. Lateral Supracondylar Line (ridge)
right femur
Shaft of Femur
Posterior view

33. Distal Femur

34. Distal Femur – anterior view
If the shaft is held perpendicular
to the floor, the medial condyle is
seen to project further inferiorly
compared to the lateral condyle
right femur

35. In the upright skeleton, the shaft of the
femur lies obliquely and the condyles
appear to be aligned distally
If the shaft is held perpendicular
to the floor, the medial condyle is
seen to project further inferiorly
compared to the lateral condyle

36. Distal Femur – anterior view
medial condyle
right femur

37. Distal Femur – anterior view
medial condyle
lateral condyle
right femur

38. Distal Femur – anterior view
medial
lateral
right femur

39. Distal Femur – anterior view
medial
lateral
Lateral Epicondyle
right femur

40. Distal Femur – anterior view
medial
lateral
Adductor Tubercle
right femur

41. Distal Femur – anterior view
medial
lateral
Medial Epicondyle
right femur

42. Distal Femur posterior view
right femur

43. Distal Femur posterior view
right femur
If the shaft is held perpendicular
to the floor, the medial condyle is
seen to project further inferiorly
compared to the lateral condyle

44. medial condyle
Distal Femur posterior view
right femur

45. medial condyle
lateral condyle
Distal Femur posterior view
right femur

46. Distal Femur posterior view
Posteriorly the condyles are
separated by a deep
intercondylar fossa or notch
right femur

47. Distal Femur posterior view
Posteriorly the condyles are
separated by a deep
intercondylar fossa or notch
right femur

48. Distal Femur – end on view
anterior
posterior
right femur

49. Distal Femur – end on view
medial condyle
anterior
posterior
right femur

50. Distal Femur – end on view
medial condyle
lateral condyle
anterior
posterior
right femur

51. Distal Femur – end on view
medial condyle
lateral condyle
anterior
posterior
The lateral condyle projects further
anteriorly than the medial condyle. This
helps to stabilise the patella
right femur

52. Muscle Attachments

53. Proximal Femur
Anterior View
right femur

54. Proximal Femur
Anterior View
Piriformis
right femur

55. Proximal Femur
Anterior View
Piriformis
Arises from the anterior aspect of
the sacrum and passes through
the greater sciatic foramen
before inserting onto the superior
and medial aspects of the
greater trochanter
right femur
Right Hip Joint
Posterior View

56. Proximal Femur
Anterior View
Piriformis
Arises from the anterior aspect of
the sacrum and passes through
the greater sciatic foramen
before inserting onto the superior
and medial aspects of the
greater trochanter
Externally rotates and
stabilises the hip joint
Right Hip Joint
Posterior Viewright femur

57. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Gluteus Minimus
right femur

58. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Gluteus Minimus
Originates from the outer
surface of the ilium and
inserts onto the anterior
surface of the greater
trochanter
right femur

59. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Gluteus Minimus
Originates from the outer
surface of the ilium and
inserts onto the anterior
surface of the greater
trochanter
It abducts and
internally rotates the
hip joint
right femur

60. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Vastus Lateralis
right femur

61. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Vastus Lateralis
This muscle has an extensive
attachment from the
- Upper Intertrochanteric Line
- Base of the Greater
Trochanter
- Lateral Linea Aspera
- Lateral Supracondylar Ridge
- Lateral Intermuscular
Septum
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur

62. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Vastus Lateralis
It attaches to the patella via
the lateral aspect of the
quadriceps tendon and then
onto the tubercle of the tibia
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur

63. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Vastus Lateralis
It attaches to the patella via
the lateral aspect of the
quadriceps tendon and then
onto the tubercle of the tibia
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
It extends the knee
right femur

64. Proximal Femur
Anterior View
Iliacus & Psoas
Both are Flexors of the Hip Joint
right femur

65. Proximal Femur
Anterior View
Iliacus
Originates from the
inner aspect of the
ilium
right femur

66. Proximal Femur
Anterior View
Psoas
Originates from the
anterior surfaces and
lower borders of
transverse processes of
L1 - L5 and lateral aspect
of bodies and discs of
T12 - L5
right femur

67. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Vastus Medialis
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur

68. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Vastus Medialis
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
Originates from the
- Lower aspect of the
Intertrochanteric Line
- Medial Line Aspera
- Medial Intermuscular
Septum
right femur

69. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Vastus Medialis
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
It attaches to the patella via
the medial aspect of the
quadriceps tendon and then
onto the tubercle of the tibia
It extends the knee
right femur

70. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Vastus Intermedius
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur

71. Proximal Femur
Anterior View Vastus Intermedius
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
Originates from the superior
2/3 of anterior and lateral
surfaces of femur
Inserts with the other
quadriceps muscles onto
the patella and then onto
the tubercle of the tibia
right femur

72. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
right femur

73. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Internus
right femur

74. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Internus
Originates from Inner surface of
obturator membrane and
posterior bony margins of
obturator foramen
right femur

75. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Internus
Originates from Inner surface of
obturator membrane and
posterior bony margins of
obturator foramen
Inserts onto medial aspect of
Greater Trochanter
right femur

76. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Piriformis
right femur

77. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Externus
right femur

78. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Obturator Externus
Originates from the Outer surface
of obturator membrane and
posterior bony margins of obturator
foramen
Inserts onto the
Trochanteric Fossa on
the medial aspect of the
Greater Trochanter
right femur

79. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Gluteus Minimus
right femur

80. Proximal Femur
superior view
anterior
posterior
Gluteus Medius
right femur

81. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
right femur

82. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Gluteus Medius
right femur

83. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Gluteus Medius
Originates from the outer surface of
ilium between posterior and middle
gluteal lines
right femur

84. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Gluteus Medius
Originates from the outer surface of
ilium between posterior and middle
gluteal lines
Inserts onto the
lateral and superior
surfaces of greater
trochanter of femur
right femur

85. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Gluteus Medius
Originates from the outer surface of
ilium between posterior and middle
gluteal lines
Inserts onto the
lateral and superior
surfaces of greater
trochanter of femur
It abducts and
internally rotates the
hip jointright femur

86. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Quadratus Femoris
right femur

87. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Quadratus Femoris
Originates from the lateral border
Ischial Tuberosity
Inserts onto the
intertrochanteric
crest and adjacent
area of proximal
posterior femur
right femur

88. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Quadratus Femoris
Originates from the lateral border
Ischial Tuberosity
Inserts onto the
intertrochanteric
crest and adjacent
area of proximal
posterior femur
Externally rotates the hip joint
right femur

89. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Vastus Lateralis
right femur

90. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Gluteus Maximus
right femur

91. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Gluteus Maximus
Has an extensive origin from;
- posterior aspect of dorsal
ilium
- posterior surface of sacrum
and coccyx
- sacrotuberous ligament
right femur

92. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Gluteus Maximus
Inserts onto
gluteal tuberosity
Has an extensive origin from;
- posterior aspect of dorsal
ilium
- posterior surface of sacrum
and coccyx
- sacrotuberous ligament
right femur

93. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Gluteus Maximus
Inserts onto
gluteal tuberosity
Extends and laterally
rotates the hip joint
Has an extensive origin from;
- posterior aspect of dorsal
ilium
- posterior surface of sacrum
and coccyx
- sacrotuberous ligament
right femur

94. Proximal Femur
Posterior View Adductor Magnus
This muscle has two functional units
- Hamstring portion
- Adductor portion
right femur

95. Proximal Femur
Posterior View Adductor Magnus
This muscle has two functional units
- Hamstring portion
- Adductor portion
The Adductor portion
originates from the
pubis and ischium
It inserts onto the
Linea Aspera and
Medial Supracondylar
Ridge
right femur

96. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Adductor Brevis
right femur

97. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Adductor Brevis
Originates from the
pubis
Inserts onto the
upper third of the
linea aspera
Adducts and flexes the
hip joint
right femur

98. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Pectineus
right femur

99. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Pectineus
Originates from the
pectineal surface of
hip bone
Inserts onto Pectineal Line
below the Lesser Trochanter
Adducts and flexes the
hip joint
right femur

100. Proximal Femur
Posterior View
Vastus Medialis
right femur

101. medial lateral
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft
right femur

102. medial lateral
Vastus Medialis
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaftright femur

103. medial lateral
Adductor Longus
right femur
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft

104. medial lateral
Adductor Longus
right femur
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft

105. medial lateral
Adductor Longus
Originates from the Pubis
Inserts onto the middle
third of the Linea Aspera
right femur
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft

106. medial lateral
Adductor Brevis
right femur
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft

107. medial lateral
Adductor Magnus
right femur
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft

108. medial lateral
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft
Short Head of Biceps
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaft

109. medial lateral
Short Head of Biceps
Originates from the
- Linea Aspera
- Lateral Supracondylar
Ridge
Inserts onto proximal
Fibula and Tibia
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaftright femur
Short Head

110. medial lateral
Vastus Lateralis
Posterior Aspect
Femoral Shaftright femur

111. Vastus Intermedius
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
right femur

112. Vastus Intermedius
Originates from the anterior and
lateral surfaces of the Femur
One of the four Quadriceps muscles
Inserts with the other
Quadriceps muscles onto the
patella and then onto the tibia
tubercle via the patellar tendon
right femur

113. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
right femur

114. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
Medial Head of Gastrocnemius
right femur

115. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
Medial Head of Gastrocnemius
Originates from the
posterior and upper
aspects of medial
femoral condyle
Unites with the Lateral
Head of Gastrocnemius
and helps form the
Achilles tendon
right femur
Medial Head

116. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
right femur
Lateral Head of
Gastrocnemius

117. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
Lateral Head of
Gastrocnemius
right femur
Lateral Head
Originates from the
posterior aspect of
lateral femoral
condyle
Unites with the Medial
Head of Gastrocnemius
and helps form the
Achilles tendon

118. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
Plantaris
right femur

119. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
Plantaris
Originates from the
posterior aspect of the
Lateral Femoral
Condyle
Inserts onto the Calcaneum
right femur

120. Ligament attachments of the Distal Femur

121. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
Lateral Collateral
Ligament
right femur

122. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
Medial Collateral
Ligament
right femur

123. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
Posterior Cruciate
Ligament
right femur

124. Distal Femur
Posterior View
medial lateral
Anterior Cruciate
Ligament
right femur