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Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine (DA)
Tyrosine crosses readily into the
brain through uptake
Tyrosine Hydroxylase
It is abundant in the brain as
well as in the periphery
In Dopaminergic cell the end point of synthesis is Dopamine but at other sites
of NE transmission it is converted to NE by dopamine ß hydroxylase
DAT
Dopamine
Dopamine
SITE ROLE
Heart and CV System DA is able to activate ß adrenergic receptors to further
increase cardiac contractility
Kidney Renal DA primarily serves to increase natriuresis, though
it can also increase renal blood flow and glomerular
filtration
Pituitary Gland DA is the primary regulator of prolactin secretion from the
pituitary gland.
Catecholamine Release The D2 receptor provides tonic inhibition of epinephrine
release from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and
of norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve
terminals.
In contrast, the D1 receptor responds to high-frequency
DA stimulation to promote the release of catecholamines
from the adrenal medulla.
GITract Abundace of Dopamine receptor initate Emesis
CNS
Dopamine
The physiological processes under
dopaminergic control include reward,
emotion, cognition, memory, and motor
activity
Pathways Activity Dysfunction
The mesolimbic
pathway
Reward and learned
behaviors
schizophrenia, and
psychoses
(including bipolar
depression) and
learning deficits
Mesocortical
pathway
Motivation, reward,
emotion, and
impulse control
Psychoses,
including
schizophrenia, and
in attention-deficit
hyperactivity
disorder
Nigrostriatal
pathway
regulator of
movement
Parkinson disease
Tuberoinfundibular regulates prolactin
secretion.
Hyperprolactinemia
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Antipsychotic
Typical
Mechanism of action toxicity
Phenothiazines:
-chlorpromazine
-fluphenazine
-thioridazine
Thioxanthenes
Thiothixene
flupenthixol
Blockade of
D2>>5HT2A
Akathisia,Dystonia,
parkinson symptom
,tardive dyskinesia,
hyperprolactinemia
Butyrophenones
Haloperidol
Droperidol
domperidone
Blockade of
D2>>5HT2A
Extrapyrimidal
dysfunction
Dopamine
Dopamine
Antipsychotic
Atypical
Mechanism of action toxicity
Aripiprazole
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Ziprasidone
Blockade of 5HT2A>D2 Agranulocytosis(Clozapine),Weight
gain, low seizure threshold,
cataract, QT prolongation
Atypical Antipsychotics
Dopamine
The effects of psychostimulants include
increases in heart rate, body
temperature, and sweating;
improvements in alertness, attention,
and endurance; increases in pleasure
produced by rewarding events; but at
higher doses agitation, anxiety, or
even loss of contact with reality
Dopamine
Dose Effect
at low infusion rates (about 2
micrograms/kg per
minute
Dopamine differs from adrenaline and
noradrenaline in dilating renal and
mesenteric blood vessels and increasing
urine output
At slightly higher infusion rates (around 2
to
10 micrograms/kg per minute)
This effect is predominant
it also stimulates beta1-adrenergic
receptors in the myocardium,
Even higher 10 to 20 micrograms/kg per
minute
the effects of alpha adrenergic
stimulation, vasoconstriction
predominate
Dopamine
• Metoclopramide & Domperidone
• Butyrophenones(Chlorpromazine and others)
Dopamine

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Dopamine

  • 4. Dopamine (DA) Tyrosine crosses readily into the brain through uptake Tyrosine Hydroxylase It is abundant in the brain as well as in the periphery In Dopaminergic cell the end point of synthesis is Dopamine but at other sites of NE transmission it is converted to NE by dopamine ß hydroxylase
  • 5. DAT
  • 8. SITE ROLE Heart and CV System DA is able to activate ß adrenergic receptors to further increase cardiac contractility Kidney Renal DA primarily serves to increase natriuresis, though it can also increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration Pituitary Gland DA is the primary regulator of prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland. Catecholamine Release The D2 receptor provides tonic inhibition of epinephrine release from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and of norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve terminals. In contrast, the D1 receptor responds to high-frequency DA stimulation to promote the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla. GITract Abundace of Dopamine receptor initate Emesis CNS
  • 10. The physiological processes under dopaminergic control include reward, emotion, cognition, memory, and motor activity
  • 11. Pathways Activity Dysfunction The mesolimbic pathway Reward and learned behaviors schizophrenia, and psychoses (including bipolar depression) and learning deficits Mesocortical pathway Motivation, reward, emotion, and impulse control Psychoses, including schizophrenia, and in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Nigrostriatal pathway regulator of movement Parkinson disease Tuberoinfundibular regulates prolactin secretion. Hyperprolactinemia
  • 24. Antipsychotic Typical Mechanism of action toxicity Phenothiazines: -chlorpromazine -fluphenazine -thioridazine Thioxanthenes Thiothixene flupenthixol Blockade of D2>>5HT2A Akathisia,Dystonia, parkinson symptom ,tardive dyskinesia, hyperprolactinemia Butyrophenones Haloperidol Droperidol domperidone Blockade of D2>>5HT2A Extrapyrimidal dysfunction
  • 27. Antipsychotic Atypical Mechanism of action toxicity Aripiprazole Clozapine Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone Blockade of 5HT2A>D2 Agranulocytosis(Clozapine),Weight gain, low seizure threshold, cataract, QT prolongation Atypical Antipsychotics
  • 29. The effects of psychostimulants include increases in heart rate, body temperature, and sweating; improvements in alertness, attention, and endurance; increases in pleasure produced by rewarding events; but at higher doses agitation, anxiety, or even loss of contact with reality
  • 31. Dose Effect at low infusion rates (about 2 micrograms/kg per minute Dopamine differs from adrenaline and noradrenaline in dilating renal and mesenteric blood vessels and increasing urine output At slightly higher infusion rates (around 2 to 10 micrograms/kg per minute) This effect is predominant it also stimulates beta1-adrenergic receptors in the myocardium, Even higher 10 to 20 micrograms/kg per minute the effects of alpha adrenergic stimulation, vasoconstriction predominate
  • 33. • Metoclopramide & Domperidone • Butyrophenones(Chlorpromazine and others)

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. a catechol (3,4-dihydroxybenzene) moiety connected to an amine group by an ethyl bridge
  2. Accumulation of HVA in brain or CSF used as index of function of dopaminergic neurons
  3. vesicular monoamine transporter(VMAT) a proton ATPase pump which transport across the conc gradient Reuptake by DAT against the conc gradient
  4. C-caudate nucleus P-putamen SN-substaitia niagra Amagdylla
  5. nigrostriatal pathway
  6. Avolition: lack of motivation or to perform a purposeful activity Alogia: poverty of speech
  7. NMS: fever, muscular rigidity and altered mental state
  8. Cabergoline is lined to development of Valvular heart diseses