From an outsider perspective, the golden age of space might look behind us with the Apollo era in the Sixties. Yet, when we listen to some new economy entrepreneurs like R. Branson (Virgin group founder), J. Bezos (Amazon founder) or E. Musk (Paypal, TeslaMotors, Solarcity founder), space is accessible, ready to harvest and the space rush starts today! Even if the Silicon Valley ecosystem aims for the stars, technical hurdles might prevent all projects to succeed. Therefor, being able to put a satellite in orbit and land the launcher or to reach multiple times the space frontier with a same launcher really are impressive. These newsworthy successes also attract an increasing number of investors: $2.9B between 2000 and 2015 of which $1.8B in 2015 only. A disruption is on its way powered by deep mutations in the sector making old dreams now plausible like constellation and reusable launchers. In one hand, national space agencies now focus more on their advising roles. In the other hands, it gets easier to access existing resources and infrastructures. Incumbents reassure their averse-to-risk customers by producing a low number of expensive high-end custom designs with a big emphasis on quality to ensure high lifespans. Newcomers promise resilience thanks to distributed infrastructures of a higher number of low cost satellites (using off the shelf components). To do so, these pioneers use design to test approaches directly inspired from start-ups. They ‘hack’ technologies from other sectors with a ‘maker’ spirit and collect information from the ground with each generation of their products in a pure MVP mindset. First users of their own products, they make sure that the infrastructure they build is user centric and not technology centric. Doing so, they enable the next generation of space entrepreneurs to build new space applications (a few of which that might look like science fiction). E. Musk’s project to build a martian colony will be build on these layers. His firm, SpaceX, looks like it is a step ahead the competition with its full logbook, its tremendous technological achievements and its soon-to-be vertical integration in space with a constellation. Nevertheless, there are a few technical hurdles for them to pass like designing a powerful enough rocket or proving its ability to get to Mars and come back. Our conviction is that, alone, they probably won’t be able to gather the resources to build from scratch a sustainable colony with safe housing, adapted food production and low consuming ressources processes. When we see all the current benefits of the previous space programs, we are convinced that actors who will address these issues will be a step ahead to reap the fruits of the space conquest on their historical markets.

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3. “We wanted flying cars, instead we got 140
characters. ”
Peter Thiel’s quote might have inspired A3, the
recently founded Airbus innovation outpost in
the Silicon Valley, to work on autonomous
flying taxis.
Despite Thiel’s pessimism, the new economy
has never been this close to literal moonshots.
We were curious to see how new economy
natives born and bred during the Apollo era
would dare to enter one of the most technical
fields. It is still ROCKET SCIENCE!
Some, like Google, will partner with existing
aerospace actors to connect the next billion.
Others, like SpaceX and Blue Origin, will
compete head-on with existing actors to grant
cheap and reliable access to space.
Stéphane Distinguin
CEO of FABERNOVEL
New economy x space: close encounters of a new kind
From these encounters, only two things remain
certain. First, newcomers are kickstarting a new
era in space services and applications. Second,
their ambitions are not limited to the vicinity of
the Earth and go well beyond.
Whether you want to understand how they do
it, to think deeply about the next generation of
space services, or to get your ticket to Mars, we
wanted to give you a Hitchhiker’s Guide to
space.
Don’t forget your towel!

4. 1962 2016

5. You thought Space was just a dead-end after the Apollo program?
A few wealthy entrepreneurs
might disagree with you…
Saturn V (the launcher used for the
Apollo program in the 60s) is still in
2016 the biggest rocket ever used!
The space shuttle is still the only
launcher to be reusable, at a cost of
$860M per launch!

6. " My guess is 30 years
from now…
if enough spaceships
will be built, enormous
quantities of people will
have a chance to go to
space."
Richard Branson
Founder & CEO of Virgin Galactic
Net worth: $5 billion
Space will be a tourist destination like any other

7. " I'm using my resources to
put in place heavy-lifting
infrastructure so the next
generation of people can
have a dynamic,
entrepreneurial explosion
into space."
Jeff Bezos
Founder & CEO of Blue Origin
Net worth: $66.9 billion
Space will be the next playground for startups and heavy industries

8. "Either we spread earth
to other planets, or we
risk going extinct. "
Elon Musk
Founder & CEO of SpaceX
Net worth: $11.7 billion
Space will be mankind’s Noah’s Ark

9. New players on the
launchpad
I

10. Not all are funded and there are
development risks. Some of them
might never fly as a launch failure
can be a synonym for bankruptcy.
At least 17 small launchers (low orbit & payload
<500kg) are currently under development!
Just like in Silicon Valley, a lot of ventures launch but only a few of
them will reach new heights...
But don’t bury them too soon!
After filing for bankruptcy in 1999 with a debt of
$4.4B, Iridium successfully pivoted thanks to M2M
subscribers and reached $411M revenues in 2015.
For more information
about these launchers, just
have a look on the amazing
article by The Washington
Post here :
https://
www.washingtonpost.com/
graphics/business/rockets/

11. Being able to land a rocket first
stage (Falcon 9) after a
commercial launch now sounds
usual for SpaceX when their first
successful attempt only took place
on April, 8th 2016 (5 landed)
Blue Origin’s motto is “Gradatim
Ferociter“ (step by step, ferociously!)
Blue Origin has been able to reach the
lower limit of space (100km) with the
same “New Shepard” first stage
multiples times.
…thus, the achievements from the most
famous of them are even more impressive!

12. $2.9 billion in venture capital
invested in space startups between
2000 and 2015: $1.8 billion in 2015
alone
Terra Bella (former Skybox Imaging,
Earth observation solutions) was
bought by Alphabet in 2014 for
$500M after raising $91M.
Planets (nano-satellites for Earth
observation) has raised $158M.
More venture capital was invested in
2015 than during the 15 years prior!
With these newcomers come huge private investments…
Spire has raised $65M (space based
data for global businesses).
Planetary Resources (extraterrestrial
mining) raised $22.5M.

13. Concentration Disaggregation
Military surveillance makes up 36%
of the value launched in space while
only representing 6% of the
number of satellites.
… because, despite the low intrinsic value of the product
launched by these newcomers compared to space incumbents…
49% of the total number of
satellites launched in 2015 are
Cubesats (< 10kg) but they
represent less than 1% of the value.
VS

14. Arianespace allowed 17
new countries or groups
of countries to own a
telecommunication
satellite between 1984
and 2012.
Private companies and
universities are the
prevalent users of
nanosats in a “maker”
spirit (40% each).
Including Cubesats, a
total of 437
nanosatellites (<10kg)
are planned for launch
in 2016.
Developing countries
might be the next
playground for these
low-cost satellites to :
- Bypass restricted
access to technologies
- Limit initial investment
- Help with landscape
management (urban
expansion, resource
prospection, agriculture
support…)
Yesterday Today Tomorrow
… it is all about new uses cases and customers

15. A service based on cloud
observation from space can
help them decide when to
open their terrace.
In addition to satellite
positioning solution to track
their cattle, they have a
service that allows them to
decide where to make the
flock graze.
A service counting cars in
a parking lot can help
quantify shop
frequentation at various
moments of the day.
Restaurant-terrace
owners
Gauchos in
the pampa
Business int.
analysts
These are only a few examples of services that could be created thanks to Earth Observation data.
The new space is all about tinkering space assets to allow new customers to create value for their
core business directly from them !
Soon, space services will really be accessible to everyone !

16. "We must still think
of ourselves as
pioneers to
understand the
importance of
space."
Buzz Aldrin
Astronaut
2nd person to walk on the Moon
Architect of Cycling Pathways to Mars
Even experts champion these new dynamics in the space sector

17. Anatomy of
a revolution
II

18. The Outer Space Treaty, signed in 1967,
gave a first definition on what’s allowed
in space: “A state is responsible for
everything that was put in orbit from its
ground.”
Space access is an enabling capability
for military intelligence. Thus, exporting
hardware between countries is
regulated under the International
Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR).
Spacefaring nations delegate to their
space agencies the interpretation,
awareness, and (on a smaller scale)
enforcement of these treaties.
Born during the Cold War,
space incumbents are used to
playing with a heavy set of
rules

19. Satellite constellation Reusable launchers
Teledesic, backed by Microsoft, tried to set
up a constellation of 850 low orbit
satellites after 1994.
But it didn’t work
Project strategy changes (reduction of the
number of satellites to 288, higher
altitude, and more complex satellites) and
the burst of the dot-com bubble at the
end of the 90s put a halt to the project.
5 semi reusable space shuttles were built
and used on 135 missions between 1985
and 2011.
But it didn’t work
Two of them were lost in 1986
(Challenger) and in 2003 (Columbia), killing
a total of 14 astronauts.
With a final cost of $860M per launch
instead of the planned $7M, space
shuttles never found a sustainable
business case.
Not the first time we’ve heard about a space
revolution...

20. The Commercial Orbital
Transportation Services
(COTS) program gives
financial incentives to
actors willing to respect
a timeframe to carry
cargo to the
International Space
Station.
Nanoracks signed a
partnership with the
NASA to solve and
hasten documentation
and logistic issues for
those willing to do
experiments on the ISS.
They are also able to
send nano-satellites
directly from the ISS.
The international
ActinSpace competition
organised by the CNES
(French spatial agency)
allows student teams to
work on 70 challenges
designed to encourage
tinkering around
existing space patents
and startup creation.
Incentives to
private actors
are created
Access to space
research facilities
gets easier
Maker spirit lurks
around Intellectual
Property
… but it has never been that easy to access space assets

21. NASA’s budget dropped
from about 4.5% of the
federal budget in the
1960s to about 0.5% of
the federal budget
today.
Arianespace became the
commercial
geosynchronous satellite
launcher market leader
less than 10 years after
its creation (around
~50% during the last 20
years).
The sale of the CNES’
34.7% shares in
Arianespace to Airbus
Safran Launchers in the
end of 2016 opens a
new era for European
commercial launches.
Space agencies’
budgets shrink
steadily, …
…commercial
structures are
incubated...
… upon being
excubated.
Space agencies are becoming advisers...

22. Decreasing entry costs
encourages newcomers to get
ready for the next gold rush
… and national laws
are multiplying
Since 2005, all manufacturing costs
associated with Cubesats, which
represent a large majority of
nanosatellites, are estimated to be
under $100M.
The SPACE Act of 2015 allows US
citizens to engage in commercial
exploitation of space resources.
Even Luxembourg, a state with no
space assets, wrote an act to grant
ownership of resources harvested in
near space objects.
… in a more and more competitive and open space sector

23. Traditional space actors Space newcomers
Access to space is expensive
and not resilient which
prevents manufacturers to
reach economy of scales.
A low number of expensive,
tailor-made, sophisticated,
long lifespan space assets
ordered by institutional
actors averse to risk.
Risks are spread on constellation
using off the shelf components
with lower lifespan to make the
offer more flexible and cheaper.
Constellations of smaller
satellites with short lifespans,
adapted reliability, up-to-date
& low cost technologies
ordered by private companies
that sell services not satellites.
Two opposite economic models reveal two
visions of the space industry

24. Launcher and soon to be
constellation
manufacturer
Launcher and
technology provider.
Constellation
manufacturer and
service provider.
SpaceX shares
Tesla’s practices
Blue Origin fails fast
by testing early
Planet creates agile
aerospace
The start-up mindset to face high risk / high reward project
by testing fast is these newcomers’ common trademark

25. Use automotive industry best
practices to reach economies of
scale.
The current generation is a
playground to test technologies
for the next generation (and
current costomers finance a part
of it).
SpaceX shares
Tesla’s practices

26. Gain extensive knowledge of
the product limitations in real
conditions with an incremental
process (hardware A/B testing).
Develop missing know-how to
push further the limitation with
custom-made design (cryogenic
turbopumps)
Blue Origin fails fast by
testing early

27. Launch early, launch fast:low lifespan
allows them to have up-to-date technology
(12 full satellite iterations in 3 years).
Automate processes to allow growth or
scalability (to operate a constellation or to
analyze data).
Planet creates agile aerospace
Is Planet kickstarting
the template for future
space infrastructures?

28. “Find me the single best person on
the freaking planet, then convince me
why out of how many billion people
on the planet that this is that guy” E.
Musk’s brief to his head of talent also
applies to every support role.
Being the world dreamers-in-chief, E. Musk
(SpaceX) and J. Bezos (Blue Origin) attract
the world's best employees.
These newcomers always launch with the A-team
Doing things that matter encourages
top-notch engineers to regularly work
between 80-100 hours per week.
Leading by example, Bezos and Musk
make sure they are perfectly aware of
space subjects and call out
assumptions.

29. A component can be
produced in a few hours
to be tested and
manipulated
Honeycomb-like
structures only possible
with additive
manufacturing can
create lighter and
stronger products
A digital design file and
some raw materials are
enough to replace a part
even when the usual
production center is
overseas
Do fast prototyping
Validate new
industrial processes
Be more reactive to
unpredictable
situations
Newcomers are more than ready to “hack“
other technologies like additive manufacturing…

30. Physical items are associated
with a digital counterpart that
carries production data.
Machines can interact with
this data to adapt the
prodution process.
Thus, a single line can produce
multiple customized items
with limited human decision.
By monitoring equipments,
they can detect faulty
patterns before they occur
and take preventive actions.
Machines adapt to human
behavior and gestures to reduce
errors and allow workers to
focus on value-added tasks
(automatization of quality
processes) (Google’s Tango
Project on NASA’s sphere)
Self-organizing
processes
Predictive
maintenance
Coworking robots
(cobots)
… to create a resilient and responsive datacentric
environment to fit their ambitious goals

31. Creating a B2B or B2C space service will
become as easy as creating a smartphone
application.
Orbital infrastructures will be adapted to other
industries needs like microgravity research.
As this in-depth transformation progressively
impacts every layer of the space sector, more
and more people will be able to enter the
space sector.
Today’s classical Science Fiction literature
projects might become closer than what one
could think…
As insiders, they lower the
threshold for the incoming
generation of space
applications
The infrastructure these
newcomers are creating is only
the tip of the iceberg

32. Next stop:
Mars City
III

33. Source: SpaceX ITS announcement

34. Source: SpaceX ITS announcement

35. 35

36. Between institutional
contracts to deliver the ISS
and commercial launches,
they have around $10B in
their launch manifest.
They were able to land so
many multiple launchers that
it has become a non-event.
In August 2016, they
announced that they will use
a “proven flight” (reused) to
launch a geostationary
payload (SES) by the end of
the year.
They aim to launch more
than 4,000 satellites in 5
years after 2017 for $3B!
Heavy funds
secured
Head start on
reusable launchers
Constellation
builder
SpaceX is kickstarting a major change in the way space is perceived
and is building the cornerstone of future space applications…

37. They have to finance, design
and produce 2 other launchers
They have to prove their
ability to reach Mars
Falcon Heavy
A first step to carry really heavy payloads
(>50 tons in low orbit, >20tons in
geosynchronous orbit)
Mars Colonial Transporter
The dragon capsule won’t be enough to sail
between two planets for 6 to 8 months. The
estimated mass ratio between man and
cargo for this kind of flight is 1 to 6. The
spaceship will need to be carried into space.
They have access to some of the most
brilliant minds but they have never
performed an extraterrestrial flight.
The landing of a non-inhabited Red
Dragon Capsule expected in 2018 will
give a good glance of their ability.
… but they have considerable technical hurdles to pass
before being able to create a Mars City from scratch

38. Source: SpaceX ITS announcement

39. Source: SpaceX ITS announcement

40. SpaceX isn’t a civil
engineering expert.
SpaceX isn’t a food or
meal production expert.
SpaceX isn’t a
commodity supplier
expert.
Passengers will
need safe housing
Passengers will
need food
Passengers will
need smart utilities
SpaceX will probably be a few billion short to develop all the
mandatory knowledge to create a self-sustaining Martian base

41. Adapt drones and robots to make
them 3D print buildings, map or
monitor areas, detect points of
interest, etc., without putting the
first martian settlers in danger.
With non-practical spacesuits
and a lethal environment,
how can they limit human
implication in construction
works?
CASE
Passengers will
need safe housing

42. Design resilient and responsive
smartgrid solutions.
Make climate control (with pressure,
etc.) as easy to use as a Nest.
In a growing base, how can
they automatically spread
critical resources between
multiple areas?
CASE
Passengers will
need safe housing

43. Identify most promising farming
methods: hydroponic cultivation,
insect or fish farms, etc.
Design tools to automate farming:
robots, connected sensors, etc.
How will they adapt existing
food production methods to a
space constraint
environment?
CASE
Passengers will need food

44. Quantify self indicators to
assess physiological needs.
Adapt recipes to the needs
and preferences.
Automate recipe production
from available resources.
How will they create meals
that suit both physiological
and psychological needs?
CASE
Passengers will need food

45. Rethink production processes to reduce
the weight of waste: delete tertiary
packaging, etc.
Limit wasted production
Low water consuming crops or with
small stems
Low consuming flush, etc
When supplies are rare, how
can theyfavor low-
consumption processes?
CASE
Passengers will need
smart utilities

46. Ensure that tools and materials are
repairable and can evolve with needs.
Ensure tools can be used for multiple
activities.
How can they make the
most of rare resources?
CASE
Passengers will need
smart utilities

47. Neil deGrasse Tyson
Astrophysician
[Without space
technologies we would be]
in a state of untenable
technological poverty, bad
eyesight to boot, while
getting rained on without
an umbrella because of not
knowing the satellite-
informed weather forecast
for that day.
Benefits derived from space research are HUGE

48. Freeze dried mealsSolar panels
Water filters Embedded defibrillators
No one would want to miss the next global navigation satellite system (the GPS)! By
working on these topics, you gain early access to a new set of IPs!
Who could have predicted 60 years ago that the space
conquest would be so life-changing?

49. "Provide ship or sails adapted to the
heavenly breezes, and there will be
some who will not fear even that void
[of space]… So, for those who will come
shortly to attempt this journey, let us
establish the astronomy"
Johannes Kepler
letter to Galileo Galilei
'Conversation with the Messenger from the Stars,'
19 April 1610

50. What would you do in space?

51. 51
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52. 52
Facebook, The Perfect
Startup (2012)
6 365k views on Slideshare
Amazon, The Hidden
Empire (2011)
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Three digital engines to reshape
and dominate retail
mazon.com
THE HIDDEN EMPIRE
Linkedin, The serious
Network (2013)
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GAFAnomics®, New
Economy New rules (2014)
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Superpowers… (2015) –
333k views on Slideshare
See also…
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virus (2016) –
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53. 53
A new world needs new solutions
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We are a “digital native”
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and incomparable talents. We
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Our offices
From our offices in San
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everywhere in the world to help
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We transform feared disruptions
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54. 54
Stéphane DISTINGUIN
Founder & CEO FABERNOVEL
stephane.distinguin@fabernovel.com
Cyril VART
Executive VP FABERNOVEL
cyril.vart@fabernovel.com
Leila TURNER
CEO FABERNOVEL INNOVATE
leila.turner@fabernovel.com
Dominique PIOTET
CEO FABERNOVEL US & PARISOMA
dominique.piotet@fabernovel.com
Baptiste BENEZET
CEO Applidium by FABERNOVEL
baptiste.benezet@applidium.com
Alexis Godais
CEO FABERNOVEL CODE
alexis.godais@fabernovel.com
Kevin GENTIL-CANTIN
Co-founder & CEO FABERNOVEL DATA & MEDIA
kevin@fabernovel.com
Yassine BELFKIH
Co-founder & CEO FABERNOVEL DATA & MEDIA
yassine@fabernovel.com
Antonin TORIKIAN
CEO FABERNOVEL Institute
Antonin.torikian@fabernovel.com
A full stack and digital native company
to identify levers for competitiveness
Nuno RIBEIRO
Portugal Country Manager FABERNOVEL
nuno.ribeiro@fabernovel.com

55. 55
Amaury BOTREL
Art Director
Design
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Paul BOIS
Partner & Project Director
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Research Manager
Research
-
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Partner & Creative Director
Laurent LEGRIGEOIS
Project Manager
Credits

56. 56
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