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MODULAR
CONSTRUCTION

BSB 602

MODULAR CONSTRUCTION
Modular vs. Standard Construction (Conventional)

A modular building is a pre-engineered structure
that is flexible enough to satisfy virtually any
requirement... tougher than standard drywall
construction, expandable, can be relocated and
completely re-usable.
One obvious advantage that modular construction
has over conventional construction is cost. Not only
can one save up to 35% on the initial construction
costs like labor and materials, but there are other
benefits as well.
BSB 602

1
With increasing industrialization to the building
industry, steadily larger parts of buildings are made
up of prefabricated components, delivered to the
building site from the factories.
Evidently, some sort of dimensional coordination of
these component themselves and with the design
are of paramount importance.
The full benefit of the industrialization is impossible
without standardization. No effective standardization
is possible in the building industry, without
dimensional coordination.
BSB 602

What is Modular Coordination
Modular coordination is a concept of
coordination of dimension and space in which
buildings and components are dimensioned and
positioned in terms of basic unit or module.
The basic module is known as 1M which is
equivalent to 100mm.
It is internationally accepted by the International
Standard Organisation and many other
countries including Malaysia.
BSB 602

2
The Module developed has the
following characteristics
• Industrialization friendly i.e. able to cater for
manufacturing, transportation and assembly requirements.
• Small enough in term of size in order to provide the
necessary flexibility in design.
• Large enough to promote simplification of the number of
sizes for various components.
• Internationally accepted to ensure that it can be mass
produced to cater for global market.
• Ergonomic i.e. able to improve people efficiency by
providing adequate space for human livings and working
conditions.
BSB 602

Why MC?
• It provides a practical and coherent: method for
coordinating- the position and dimension of elements,
components and spaces in the planning and design of
buildings.
• To improve productivity in the building industry
through industrialization. MC can facilitate the
achievement of industrialization.
• Provide guide to building component sizing: this can
reduce as much as possible the needs to further trim
and shape the materials to fit together in construction;
thus, reducing wastage of labour and material.
BSB 602

3
….why MC?
• Mass production of building components
factories: thus, ensuring good and consistent
of workmanship and quality.
• To permit standardization, which encourages
the use of standardized building components
for the construction of different types of
building; to simplify site operation by
rationalizing setting out, positioning and
assembling of building components at the
site.
BSB 602

….why MC?
• To ensure dimensional coordination between
installation (equipment, storage units, other
fitted furniture etc) as well as with the rest of the
building.
• To
encourage
open
systems:
the
interchangeability of components, whatever their
material, form or method of manufacture,

BSB 602

4
MC in Malaysia
• CIDB encourages the standardization and
improvement of construction techniques and
materials in line with its role in Malaysian
construction.
• It is also to promote and stimulate the
development, improvement and expansion of the
construction industry.

BSB 602

STANDARDIZATION
How can Modular Coordination improve productivity?
Facilitates the attainment of three objectives of all
industrial developments:• mass production of selected components by
specialist firms thus achieving economy of scale
• the components can be sold on the open and
possibly international market as they are of
standard dimensions; and
• other specialist firms can concentrate on the
assembly of components into a final consumers
products.
BSB 602

5
MC Concept
Modular Coordination

Improves
Productivity

Through
Standardization
Promote Industrialization
(component manufactured in factory)
Less wet work on site
Non dependence on unskilled labour
Less modification on site

BSB 602

MC Concept

1

- DIMENTIONAL CO-ORDINATION

A convention for the co-ordination of the
dimensions of building components and
building incorporating them in their
design, manufacture and assembly by
means of a three dimensional spatial
references system points, lines and
planes to which the position and size of a
components, assembly of element may
be related.
BSB 602

6
MC Concept
The dimensional coordination is essential in order to:• simplify design and documentation procedures and allow the
implementation of computer techniques;
• achieve optima efficiency in the manufacture and use of components
and assemblies;
• avoid cutting or modifying components and
assemblies on site;
• standardize the profile and detail of joints
between components;
• Reduce non-standard or dimensionally
incompatible components and assemblies; and
• maximize the Interchangeability of components and assemblies
BSB 602

MC Concept

2

- MODULAR CO-ORDINATION

Dimensional co-ordination employing the
basic module or some whole multiple
thereof as basic dimensional unit and
increments of it.
The basic module which is generally
accepted at an international level is
100mm which may be represented by the
letter M.
BSB 602

7
Basic Module M=100mm

Sub-modules

e.g : 50mm
25mm

Multi-modules

e.g : 3m, 6m, 12m…..
300mm, 600mm, 1200mm
Basic Module M = 100mm

BSB 602

Modular Reference System
In Modular co-ordination:
- the term modular reference systems
is the three-dimensional system of
orthogonal space co-ordinates within the
positions and sizes of components,
elements and installations can be related
by references to points, lines, or planes.

BSB 602

8
Modular Coordination
The Modular Reference System

BSB 602

Modular Reference System
Within this references system,
dimensional increments are in terms of
the basic module (100mm) or some
multiple thereof.
Reference planes can be identified which
locate the main vertical and horizontal
elements of construction, e.g. floor, walls,
and columns.

BSB 602

9
Modular Reference System

BSB 602

Location of the Main Elements by Means of a modular
Reference System

Modular Reference System

Floor Zone – Vertical Section

BSB 602

10
Modular Reference System

BSB 602

Wall Zone – Horizontal Section

Modular Reference System

BSB 602

Use of Additional Grid Lines Modular Floor Height

11
Modular Reference System

BSB 602

Use of Additional Grid Lines Non-Modular Floor Height

Horizontal Coordination
Traditionally, modular theory has
distinguished between boundary planning
and axial planning. In practice, however,
such a clear-cut distinction may not exist.

Modular co-ordination – component location
BSB 602

12
Horizontal Coordination

Modular co-ordination – Boundary Planning & Axial Planning

BSB 602

Vertical Coordination
In the vertical section that modular floor
plane is the reference plane from which
modular dimensions are taken.

BSB 602

13
Vertical Coordination

Location of Modular Floor Plan

BSB 602

Vertical Coordination

Ceiling Level

Additional Grid Line

BSB 602

14
Main Components to Go Modular
1. Structural Components
•
•
•
•
•

Beams
Columns
Floor Slabs
Walls
Staircase & Lift Cores

BSB 602

Main Components to Go Modular
2. Non-Structural Components
•
•
•
•
•

Cladding
Partition
Doors
Windows
Bricks & Blocks

BSB 602

15
Main Components to Go Modular
3. Finishes
•
•

Ceiling Finishes
Floor Finishes

BSB 602

BSB 602

16
ROOF
Conventional - Concrete based
construction

Steel construction

BSB 602

FLOOR
Conventional - Concrete based
construction

Steel construction

BSB 602

17
Beam & Column
Conventional - Concrete based
construction

Steel construction

BSB 602

Wall
Conventional - Concrete and
brickwall

Pre-fabricated wall panel

BSB 602

18
Reasons to Choose Modular Construction over Conventional Construction
Advantages

Benefits

#

Feature

1

PreEngineered

No need for an engineer or architect

No hidden design costs

2

Ease of
Coordination

Buying is simple with local support and
assistance

3

Appearance

4

Speedy
Installation

Ability to supply single source
installation through factory-trained
distributor network
Attractive integrated systems
manufactured to your exact
specifications
Fewer disruptions to plant operations

5

No Mess

No need to seal off areas against dust

Eliminates additional labor costs and
minimizes plant disruption

6

Low
Maintenance

Eliminates costly painting and other
maintenance and repairs

7

Durability

Pre-finished walls require little
maintenance beyond occasional surface
cleaning
Reinforced cavity and tough quality
facings decrease chances of damage

8

Adaptability

Quickly and easily relocatable,
expandable, and reusable

Provides maximum flexibility to meet your
company's needs

9

Sound
Resistance

Fire & Sound panels provide superior
sound deadening

Substantial noise level reduction produces
a more productive work environment

10

Accelerated
Depreciation

Depreciation is usually over seven years
vs. 31-1/2 years for conventional
construction

Quicker return on investment

Consistent high quality in both appearance
and design
Maintains plant productivity during building
installation

Long lasting product will perform for years
without deterioration

BSB 602

HOW MODERN METHODS
MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO
POLICY OBJECTIVES?

BSB 602

19
If modern methods of construction are to play a role in
addressing the drivers for change they must achieve some or
all of the following at least as well as traditional construction:
• Be affordable
• Be of good quality
• Be able to cope with a shortage of skilled labour
• Be available in quantity
• Be capable of responding to changing construction
regulations
• Have good environmental credentials
BSB 602

20

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#6a modular construction (1)

  • 1. MODULAR CONSTRUCTION BSB 602 MODULAR CONSTRUCTION Modular vs. Standard Construction (Conventional) A modular building is a pre-engineered structure that is flexible enough to satisfy virtually any requirement... tougher than standard drywall construction, expandable, can be relocated and completely re-usable. One obvious advantage that modular construction has over conventional construction is cost. Not only can one save up to 35% on the initial construction costs like labor and materials, but there are other benefits as well. BSB 602 1
  • 2. With increasing industrialization to the building industry, steadily larger parts of buildings are made up of prefabricated components, delivered to the building site from the factories. Evidently, some sort of dimensional coordination of these component themselves and with the design are of paramount importance. The full benefit of the industrialization is impossible without standardization. No effective standardization is possible in the building industry, without dimensional coordination. BSB 602 What is Modular Coordination Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of dimension and space in which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in terms of basic unit or module. The basic module is known as 1M which is equivalent to 100mm. It is internationally accepted by the International Standard Organisation and many other countries including Malaysia. BSB 602 2
  • 3. The Module developed has the following characteristics • Industrialization friendly i.e. able to cater for manufacturing, transportation and assembly requirements. • Small enough in term of size in order to provide the necessary flexibility in design. • Large enough to promote simplification of the number of sizes for various components. • Internationally accepted to ensure that it can be mass produced to cater for global market. • Ergonomic i.e. able to improve people efficiency by providing adequate space for human livings and working conditions. BSB 602 Why MC? • It provides a practical and coherent: method for coordinating- the position and dimension of elements, components and spaces in the planning and design of buildings. • To improve productivity in the building industry through industrialization. MC can facilitate the achievement of industrialization. • Provide guide to building component sizing: this can reduce as much as possible the needs to further trim and shape the materials to fit together in construction; thus, reducing wastage of labour and material. BSB 602 3
  • 4. ….why MC? • Mass production of building components factories: thus, ensuring good and consistent of workmanship and quality. • To permit standardization, which encourages the use of standardized building components for the construction of different types of building; to simplify site operation by rationalizing setting out, positioning and assembling of building components at the site. BSB 602 ….why MC? • To ensure dimensional coordination between installation (equipment, storage units, other fitted furniture etc) as well as with the rest of the building. • To encourage open systems: the interchangeability of components, whatever their material, form or method of manufacture, BSB 602 4
  • 5. MC in Malaysia • CIDB encourages the standardization and improvement of construction techniques and materials in line with its role in Malaysian construction. • It is also to promote and stimulate the development, improvement and expansion of the construction industry. BSB 602 STANDARDIZATION How can Modular Coordination improve productivity? Facilitates the attainment of three objectives of all industrial developments:• mass production of selected components by specialist firms thus achieving economy of scale • the components can be sold on the open and possibly international market as they are of standard dimensions; and • other specialist firms can concentrate on the assembly of components into a final consumers products. BSB 602 5
  • 6. MC Concept Modular Coordination Improves Productivity Through Standardization Promote Industrialization (component manufactured in factory) Less wet work on site Non dependence on unskilled labour Less modification on site BSB 602 MC Concept 1 - DIMENTIONAL CO-ORDINATION A convention for the co-ordination of the dimensions of building components and building incorporating them in their design, manufacture and assembly by means of a three dimensional spatial references system points, lines and planes to which the position and size of a components, assembly of element may be related. BSB 602 6
  • 7. MC Concept The dimensional coordination is essential in order to:• simplify design and documentation procedures and allow the implementation of computer techniques; • achieve optima efficiency in the manufacture and use of components and assemblies; • avoid cutting or modifying components and assemblies on site; • standardize the profile and detail of joints between components; • Reduce non-standard or dimensionally incompatible components and assemblies; and • maximize the Interchangeability of components and assemblies BSB 602 MC Concept 2 - MODULAR CO-ORDINATION Dimensional co-ordination employing the basic module or some whole multiple thereof as basic dimensional unit and increments of it. The basic module which is generally accepted at an international level is 100mm which may be represented by the letter M. BSB 602 7
  • 8. Basic Module M=100mm Sub-modules e.g : 50mm 25mm Multi-modules e.g : 3m, 6m, 12m….. 300mm, 600mm, 1200mm Basic Module M = 100mm BSB 602 Modular Reference System In Modular co-ordination: - the term modular reference systems is the three-dimensional system of orthogonal space co-ordinates within the positions and sizes of components, elements and installations can be related by references to points, lines, or planes. BSB 602 8
  • 9. Modular Coordination The Modular Reference System BSB 602 Modular Reference System Within this references system, dimensional increments are in terms of the basic module (100mm) or some multiple thereof. Reference planes can be identified which locate the main vertical and horizontal elements of construction, e.g. floor, walls, and columns. BSB 602 9
  • 10. Modular Reference System BSB 602 Location of the Main Elements by Means of a modular Reference System Modular Reference System Floor Zone – Vertical Section BSB 602 10
  • 11. Modular Reference System BSB 602 Wall Zone – Horizontal Section Modular Reference System BSB 602 Use of Additional Grid Lines Modular Floor Height 11
  • 12. Modular Reference System BSB 602 Use of Additional Grid Lines Non-Modular Floor Height Horizontal Coordination Traditionally, modular theory has distinguished between boundary planning and axial planning. In practice, however, such a clear-cut distinction may not exist. Modular co-ordination – component location BSB 602 12
  • 13. Horizontal Coordination Modular co-ordination – Boundary Planning & Axial Planning BSB 602 Vertical Coordination In the vertical section that modular floor plane is the reference plane from which modular dimensions are taken. BSB 602 13
  • 14. Vertical Coordination Location of Modular Floor Plan BSB 602 Vertical Coordination Ceiling Level Additional Grid Line BSB 602 14
  • 15. Main Components to Go Modular 1. Structural Components • • • • • Beams Columns Floor Slabs Walls Staircase & Lift Cores BSB 602 Main Components to Go Modular 2. Non-Structural Components • • • • • Cladding Partition Doors Windows Bricks & Blocks BSB 602 15
  • 16. Main Components to Go Modular 3. Finishes • • Ceiling Finishes Floor Finishes BSB 602 BSB 602 16
  • 17. ROOF Conventional - Concrete based construction Steel construction BSB 602 FLOOR Conventional - Concrete based construction Steel construction BSB 602 17
  • 18. Beam & Column Conventional - Concrete based construction Steel construction BSB 602 Wall Conventional - Concrete and brickwall Pre-fabricated wall panel BSB 602 18
  • 19. Reasons to Choose Modular Construction over Conventional Construction Advantages Benefits # Feature 1 PreEngineered No need for an engineer or architect No hidden design costs 2 Ease of Coordination Buying is simple with local support and assistance 3 Appearance 4 Speedy Installation Ability to supply single source installation through factory-trained distributor network Attractive integrated systems manufactured to your exact specifications Fewer disruptions to plant operations 5 No Mess No need to seal off areas against dust Eliminates additional labor costs and minimizes plant disruption 6 Low Maintenance Eliminates costly painting and other maintenance and repairs 7 Durability Pre-finished walls require little maintenance beyond occasional surface cleaning Reinforced cavity and tough quality facings decrease chances of damage 8 Adaptability Quickly and easily relocatable, expandable, and reusable Provides maximum flexibility to meet your company's needs 9 Sound Resistance Fire & Sound panels provide superior sound deadening Substantial noise level reduction produces a more productive work environment 10 Accelerated Depreciation Depreciation is usually over seven years vs. 31-1/2 years for conventional construction Quicker return on investment Consistent high quality in both appearance and design Maintains plant productivity during building installation Long lasting product will perform for years without deterioration BSB 602 HOW MODERN METHODS MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO POLICY OBJECTIVES? BSB 602 19
  • 20. If modern methods of construction are to play a role in addressing the drivers for change they must achieve some or all of the following at least as well as traditional construction: • Be affordable • Be of good quality • Be able to cope with a shortage of skilled labour • Be available in quantity • Be capable of responding to changing construction regulations • Have good environmental credentials BSB 602 20