This is mostly based on The Act of Teaching book by Cruickshank in chapter 10

1. THE EFFECTIVE TEACHERS:
PERSONALITY & KNOWLEDGE
• NUR ADLINA BT BADRUL HISHAM
• AINI SYAHIRA BT JAMALUDDIN
• PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
• DR KAMAL J I BADRASAWI

2. WHAT IS EFFECTIVE TEACHING?
• Columnist William Raspberry (1993):
Good teachers are caring, supportive, concerned about the welfare of
students, knowledgeable about their subject, able to get along with parents,
administrators and colleagues, and genuinely excited about what they do.
• 2) Walberg & Paik, 2000; Wenglinsky, 2000:
Teacher behaviours are linked to other desirable outcomes for students,
such as increased satisfaction and better attitudes toward school, better self-
concept and higher graduation rates

3. THE 8 ATTRIBUTES CHARACTERISTIC OF
EFFECTIVE TEACHERS
1. Enthusiastic
2. Warm & humorous
3. Credible
4. Holding high expectations for success
5. Encouraging & supportive
6. Businesslike
7. Adaptable/flexible
8. Knowledgeable

4. ENTHUSIASM
• These teachers are confident
and enjoy what they are doing
• They respect and trust students
• They make sure the subject they teach is valuable and enjoyable
• They are often described as dynamic, stimulating, energetic and
expressive
• They convey enthusiasm through variety in speech, gestures and
facial expressions

5. ENTHUSIASTIC TEACHERS UNENTHUSIASTIC TEACHERS
• Appear confident & friendly
• Use movement to maintain interest and
attention
• Convey the relevance of the subjects to
their students
• Use animated gestures to emphasize or
reinforce points
• Are engaged and dramatic when they
teach
• Are patient
• Maintain eye contact with all students
• Use varied pitch, volume, stress and
pauses to make vocal delivery more
interesting
• Maintain a quick lesson pace
• Have a sense of humor
• Appear anxious or defensive
• Often stand or sit in one spot
throughout the lesson
• Use only one or two instructional
alternatives
• Are disinterested and disengaged
• Avoid eye contact with students
• Speak in a monotone
• Are impatient
• Give up quickly when students do not
easily arrive at the correct response
• Use time inefficiently; stall
• Are frequently critical
• Seldom move

6. WARMTH
• A teacher manifests warmth through positive, supportive interpersonal
relationships with students
• A positive classroom is built when you’re friendly, maintain a positive attitude,
show interest in your students, be open and work hard to help them succeed
academically

7. CONVEYING WARMTH:
Greet students by name at the door. Comment on personal
achievements outside classroom or other aspects of their personal
lives
Smile frequently
Be yourself. Convey your personality, likes, dislikes, even opinions
Encourage students to approach and be open with you. Keep most
in-class interactions on academic topics, but express interest &
willingness to talk with students about nonacademic concerns
outside of class
Draw out students’ opinions, feelings and ideas, and actively
incorporate these into your instruction
Provide time for all students to master the material, be patient
Avoid becoming “one of the students” by lowering expectations or
joining them socially. Usually happens when teachers who are close
in age to students

8. HUMOR
• These teachers make learning fun
• Humor can reduce tension, promote trust and reduce discipline
problems
• Humor can be spontaneous, intentionally and planned dimension
• Don’t be afraid to laugh at these
things
• Avoid sarcasm and be extremely careful
about teasing students
https://youtu.be/04C6TFIS3Qw

9. CREDIBILITY
• They appear to students to be convincing and worthy of trust
• You are credible only when the students believe you are
• As students become more mature, they are less likely to assume that
teachers are automatically credible
• The three elements to establish yourself as credible and trustworthy:
1. Your credentials
Are only helpful when students are aware of them
2. The messages you deliver to students
When you are able to demonstrate or answer all their enquiries, they
view you as more credible
3. Your behavior

10. HIGH EXPECTATIONS FOR SUCCESS
• Effective teachers hold high expectations
for success for themselves and their
students
• They believe that all students can master
the content and they themselves have the
ability to help students
• Research shown that when teacher’s
expectations of student rise, students will
learn more

11. • The expectations teachers have for both themselves and students affect
teacher’s behavior, which in turn affects students’ learning.
• If the teacher have faith that the student will pass with flying colors, the
teacher will probably focus more on that student
• If the teacher doesn’t have faith in a particular student, the teacher will
spend less attention and effort to work with the student
• Students can sense if the teacher has low expectations towards them
based on the teacher’s treatment thus will affect their self-esteem
• In conclusion, a teacher must always stay positive and must have
genuine belief that all students can master the content
• They must put high expectations towards all students, never
underestimate, be fair

12. ENCOURAGING AND
SUPPORTIVE
• Effective teachers are
encouraging and supportive of
students, addressing students’
need to belong, to be liked and
to be successful (Wang, Haertal,
& Walberg, 1993)
• Encouragement is particularly
important when students are
most likely to experience
reluctance and difficulty.

13. HOW TO
ENCOURAGE
STUDENTS?
A class environment that is supportive, safe
and open will promote students’ willingness to
begin new or unfamiliar tasks.
Student must feel that the tasks you assign are
realistic and importance.
When students become frustrated and ready to
give up, give words of encouragement.

14. WORDS OF
ENCOURAGEMENTS:
Don’t give up. You
are getting there.
1
You can do it!
2
Let’s try the next
step together!
3

15. TEACHERS’ WITH HIGH OR LOW EXPECTATIONS?
• Clearly inform students of the lesson objectives.
• Often interrupt students while they are working.
• Frequently provide praise for incorrect or inadequate responses.
• Use wait time to allow students to consider before responding.
• Discourage or ignore students input.
• Frequently criticize students’ performance.
• Provide extensive, frequent and specific feedback.

16. BUSINESSLIKE
• A common characteristic of effective teacher is a task-oriented, businesslike
classroom demeanor (Brophy, 1998: McDermott & Rothenberg, 2000;
Meichenbaum & Biemiller, 1998)
The business of the classroom is
learning. Focus on learning
outcomes.
Goal-oriented
- Establish clear, realistic, specific
objectives
- - Conduct efficient and systematics
instructions
- Optimize activities and time
Serious
- Treats the subject seriously
- - Maintain professional and
confident image
Organized
- Minimize disruptions

17. ADAPTABLE/ FLEXIBLE
• “No matter what you plan for, something else will happen”.
• Teaching might not be quite that unpredictable, but certainly the most effective
teachers are prepared for and able to adapt to a variety of circumstances.
• Through a variety of verbal and nonverbal cues, you can “read” the need for
adapting or flexing.

18. ENHANCING
FLEXIBILITY
AND
ADAPTABILITY
1) Clearly define goals, objectives and make them
known to students.
2) When planning instruction, consider students’
characteristics, attributes and preferences.
3) Plan instructions that is interesting to the
students.
4) Systematically and continually monitor
students’ verbal and non-verbal behaviour.
5) When the planning instruction is not working,
determine why and identify alternatives.
6) When necessary, implement an alternative and
again monitor its effectiveness.

19. KNOWLEDGEABLE
• Good teachers know their
subjects well.
• Knowledge of pedagogy
(knowledge of teaching) and of
learners are important.
• Thus, effective teachers are
knowledgeable about their
subjects and how best to help
the individual students in their
classes come to understand it
appropriately.

20. PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
EFFECTIVE TEACHERS:
• Enthusiastic
• Warm and humorous
• Credible
• Holding high expectations for success
• Encouraging and supportive
• Businesslike
• Adaptable/ flexible
• Knowledgeable